Use the username and password you received form your teacher.
Important subdirectories can be found under SERVICES.
Downloads of transcription songs and additional material on
To contact your teacher use or call 020-6974595 / 06-15161425
Your daily ear training routine consists of:
1st. semester: intervals, triads, scales level 1, BP&D trainer cat. 100-500;
2nd semester: Seventh chords + 1 addition, sightsinging, melodic dictations, scales level 1&2, BP&D trainer all categories.
Everything you need is in > Services > Eartraining centre, in the Ear trainer and in .
The trainer in the Fundamentals also is available for additional practicing transcription of melodies en rhythm (P2, P4 and P6 recommended), as well as recognizing/sightsinging scales.
Exam planning
The ear training exam (in 2021) is on january 18, the analysis exam is on january 19 or 20 (normal class times)
This week we continued with the blues. The Blues Section in the VMS is relevant, as well as the horn solos in Thematic solos > Samba Bicicleta . Homework for next tuesday Those who need good ear training material can transcribe Just the way you are (melody and harmony, real book style, you best start where the band comes in). For analysis it's a good idea to re-read the essay about meaningful harmonies on page 16/17 as well as the summarizing pages 167 and 168. If you want one more song to analyse I suggest In your own sweet way on page 103 in your book. Homework for next thursday Work on your three writing assignments. Finish the 20 voice leading exercises Work on the ear training package for the 2nd semester, as always. Make sure that I saw your transcription of Till there was you.
Homework for next tuesday Finish Till there was you if you haven't done it. If the song gave you some troubles and you feel you can use some more training: make a transcription of De Vlieger - chords and - optionally - the melody. This is an important song in the Dutch cultural heritage, even though it might be not of your musical taste ;-).
Homework for next thursday Work on the three creative assignments, and finish the voice leadings. It's a good idea to make me approve the steps in between: the melody before you add the harmony; the chords before you add the melody. You may always email your work in between, also in the holiday. If necessary we make an extra zoom-appointment. Maintain your ear training program, like scales level 2, seventh chords plus 1, Basic Progressions, dictations, pitch orientation, rhythm notation, etc. Give priority to your weakest spots.
This week we discussed the intelligent harmony of Hopelessly devoted to you. I also introduced the harmony song assignment. The template I gave for the transcription of Till there was you is in fact a model for a classic RealBook song, so you can use it for the harmony song.
Homework for next tuesday
Analyse the scale degrees of Sin Explicacion on page 130 if you haven't done so. I'll use it in the next tuesday class.
Homework for next thursday Transcribe Till there was you , melody and chords, real book style. Audio and template were sent by e-mail.
Work on the harmony song: write a 32 bar AABA chord progression that contains at least a secondary dominant, some Modal Interchange and a diminished chord. Put the bridge in a contrasting key, and bring it back to the final dominant of the A-part, as we practised in class. After I approved your changes you can add a melody to it.
This week I've treated line clichees, a subject that is by the way no part of the VMS yet. Functionally there is nothing new here, line clichés simply take us back to the horizontal aspects of voices acting together. Usually one of the voices is moving up or down, while on or more others stay more horizontal, so oblique motion is common. There is a video in the Classic Chord Progressions page that shows pretty much all common constructions.
Analyse the scale degrees of Sin Explicacion on page 130. This anticipates a lesson about salsa. Transcribe Hopelessly devoted to you - melody and chords. Is has a line cliché. It is a smart song, and it is precisely the level you should have reached by now. I In the next practicum class we'll do a live transcription. I'll inform you later about how I want to do it. Please do come to that class - for obvious reasons.
Work on your propedeuse assignments : when the melody is kind of OK try to find the chords. You could work on your solo too.
This week we practised with Basic Progressions in cat 700. I hope I gave some inspiration for the first final assignment: lyrics, images, ringtones, birds, you encounter them every day when you're open to it. Week 12 is re-exam week, see upper right section for details. Nevertheless feel free to come to the practicum room on thursday if you want to work there. Homework for next tuesday
Let's start with the first propaedeuse assignment: Write a good and singable melody, suggested form is 32 bars with an AABA structure. The bridge should be a contrast and evoke the longing for the A-part. A pop song format with a verse and a chorus is fine too. Don't think/play chords (yet). I can't stress this enough: keep it simple, make sure that it is singable and make it beautiful instead of corny. The melody must be strong by itself, and it should not need fancy chords or grooves to be appreciated. Thinking lyrics is a good idea, but stay away from chords . Test it on a 'normal' person with no specific musical education.
Homework for next thursday Keep working on ear training subjects that need your attention: seventh chords, ear trainer all categories (BP and Dictations), scales level 2. Half an hour per day recommended. Finishing the practical assignments mentioned in the previous week is a good idea.
This week we refreshed diminished chords by studying the VMS-song Diminished Diversity , which shows appropriate use of scales plus lots of improv concepts. I recommend studying that movie in detail, because there is a LOT of information. We also studied three essential improv techniques hooked up in this Section. We studied Ave Maria as a song from the classical literature, containing lots of diminished chords, pedal tones, and inversions (especially when the melody is on the root of the chord). Pedal tones can 'justify' harmonic clashes! I made our mission of this year clear by going over the many techniques you can apply for cracking the code of a song by discussing page 157, General Exercises . Homework for next tuesday
Homework for next thursday Several exercise are now in process, try to finish them in short term:
This week I introduced 16th figures. The second half of the Notation movie (VMS > Basics > Vocabulary > Explanation) covers the explanation. You can use cat. 6 of the SWYS trainer in the Fundamentals as an addition to the rhythm lab classes. I introduced the principle of 'watering the plants' and concrete vs abstract phrasing. As an example we studied Booker Little's great melody on Rounder's mood , as well as the beautiful Cuban song Amsterdam from Estudiantina Invasora . We repaired the Bad Phrasings in Basics > Phrasing > Exercises. Homework for next tuesday Work with the Seventh chords trainer and the Scales trainer . Find them in VMS > Services > Ear training Centre > affiliated tab . Analyse Easy living on p.90. This anticipates the next class on diminished chords.
Homework for next thursday Model your graphically designed solo into the harmony of Weaver of Dreams , you can use the Logic file in your personal folder in H205 for this. We prepared this already in class, would be good to finish the whole chorus. Finish the voice leading exercise till #10 if you haven't already.
This week I introduced the subject of shapes and solo building. Relevant movies are found in Basics > Phrasing > Explanation > Items 5 till 8. The page with Melodic Shapes (p. 32 in your book) on the exercise page is a great and practical improv tool for all players and singers. I suggest you start applying this on your instrument from today!
Homework for next tuesday Transcribe How deep is your love (melody and chords), a beautiful song with a clearly audible bass line, some intelligent harmonies and various rhythms. You can skip the intro and focus on the main material of the song itself. Beware of sus4 chords! Explore the trainers for the Seventh chords and Scales a bit further.
Homework for next thursday Apply the technique demonstrated in the last movie (item 8 Storytelling ). Below are some suggestions for this roadmap, which has to be constructed without thinking of any key or chords . Make a completely graphically designed solo. In order to prevent too much complexity you must be able to sing your roadmap for your fellow students and convince us with the clarity of your ideas. Please think medium swing . With complicated 16ths you may get into trouble when we frame these ideas into a jazz chorus. 1. Make a short shape, repeat it, and the third time: extend it. This can be based on your name, as we practised in class. 2. Create three different elements. The connection between these is that the last note of the previous shape forms an interval of a second with the next shape. 3. Write 4 bars of double line technique (verkapte tweestemmigheid). 4. Write two phrases that are based on the same concept of articulation. 5. Write three elements in which an overall ascending line of seconds can be observed (as found in thousands of standards) 6. If you have less than 32 bars, fill it up with connected elements of your own.
The first 10 voice leading exercises are probably already finished. Catch up if you are a bit behind.
This week we continued with the subject of alterations/TriSubs. We discussed the song Subway and the great panflute solo on it. I also introduced a new movie on tunings in the Sound directory, showing that in equal temperament we play out of tune all the time! In the thursday class we started with the first steps on voice leading. Print this pdf if you did not get the papers (p1 is Dutch, p2 is English).
Complete your chart of Serenade for Sarah with chord symbols, and check your work, then compare and analyse the scale degrees on this pdf . Practise with cat. 800 in the BP&D trainer and do all 8 dictations. Start working with the Seventh chord trainer. Both trainers are in VMS > Services > Ear training center > Ear trainer > relevant tabs.
Homework for next thursday We already worked on the file called Voice leading exercise s, which is stored in your personal folder in H205. Try to finish the first 5 exercises. Feel free to do them first on paper, if you feel you can learn from it.
This week I treated the subject of alterations. Relevant items to study: The essay called alterations in your workbook on page 161-162. The TriSubs explanation on p96 provides a summary of the analysis. VMS > Sections > Tritone Substitutions > Explanation > first four items Fundamentals > PWYH trainer > P6 tracks 049-060 (locate in Start With mode) The collage movie on TriSubs on the Classic Chord Progressions page. In practicum class we de-altered a solo on Autumn Comes to compare inside vs outside.
Fill in the scale degree puzzles on page 99 on TriSubs; Analyze Body and Soul on p101. Analyze the One note samba on p104.
Homework for next thursday Transcribe melody and chords (using the bass) of Serenade for Sarah , knowing that it consists of many I-V-I constructions as well as lots of II-Vs, in which pretty much all V7s are altered, and the alterations occur in the melody. You can do it if you let your ears and your knowledge cooperate!
Finish the de-alteration excercise ( Autumn altered ) which is your personal folder.
Add cat. 800 of the Ear Trainer (TriSubs) to your routine and practise a bit with BPs. I recommend practicing the altered lines of the PWYH trainer on your instrument if you want to learn the their sound. Playing the altered solo (or writing one!) is also a good idea. Scores are available for all instruments!
Please find you exam work in your mailbox in the main building and bring it class.We'll discuss it in class.
Make a double staff system and transcribe the melody and the bass of Serenade for Sarah , a great Michel LeGrand (RIP) song. I use it to introduce alterations. 16 bars should be doable. It's good for writing syncopations and tuning in on the bass layer. You may use the piano for pitch.
Homework for next thursday
Whatever you need to grow...
Homework for tuesday jan 5:
No class on jan. 6 and 7, due to the HKU-onderwijsdag on jan. 7. So week 3 is exam week, see the upper box for details.
Paul Simon's I do it for your love showed us that meaningful harmonies not always fit the scale degree system perfectly. It also contained some beautiful effective diminished chords, worth analysing. Click for video and score .
Homework for next tuesday:
Homework for next thursday:
Last week we finished the Modal Interchange subject. We sang the lines on p79 on the harmonies on p78 for getting familiar with the harmonic flow. I recommend doing that on your instrument as well, in multiple keys. We studied the collage of Neapolitan and bII chords on de CCP page. We studied many ST-contributions and learned from them. Furthermore we studied the basic principle of diminished chords. The first movie on the affiliated explanation page in the VMS pretty much covers the essence. Scales are in most cases formed by the notes of the diminished chord plus the triad of the resolution chord. Auxiliary chords can use an octatonic scale (whole-half).
Next practicum class we will do a little pre-exam: a couple of intervals, triads, scales, Basic Progressions and a dictation, so that you can see how the flag is hanging. Some students want/need more children's songs, since they are so transparent in their melody and harmony. In Bart's Best of collection you'll find many songs that can all be transcribed without the piano. Feel free to practice with them till the exam, I guarantee that it will help.
This week we got a little deeper into Modal interchange. Louis Prima's Buona sera is a swinging example with typical Moll-Dur clichees. We also studied the Neapolitan chord and its counterpart bII, with the Godfather as a classic example.
This week we started with Modal Interchange (MI): the 2 movies on sound and scales in the affiliated Section are easily found in the VMS. We discussed scales and melody of Ceora . Find my melodic analysis here . In practicum class we discussed Chet's solo and his phrasing principles, we experimented intensely with melodic shapes, and we started with MI in the Ear Trainer. Homework for next tuesday:
This week I introduced you to the Instruments directory. We partly did these transposition exercises for saxophones (Q and A are both in the pdf). A similar exercise will be part of the theory exam. Another subject was melodic analyses, in which we discussed this additional page. We analysed the melody of Secondary Thoughts to get familiar with techniques.
In the practicum room checked the walking bass lines of ST, we worked with its guidetone lines, and we improvised to prepare for the solo assignment coming up.
Homework for tuesday: Finish the transposition exercise you received on paper. Finish p. 55: Scale degrees and scales of Ceora . Please do this exercise not only 'mathematically' but also try the different possible tone supplies on the piano. Also analyse the melody of Ceora, if you didn't receive it in class print the theme here .
Homework for thursday Transcribe Chet Bakers's solo on In your own sweet way (melody only) which starts on 1'43". You may use an instrument for the pitch. The key is Bb-major. Spend no more than 2 hours on it. Simplify ornamentations with turn signs (dubbelslag in Dutch), that makes things easier. Practise the guidetone lines on Secondary Thoughts. You'll find the play-alongs in the affiliated section in the VMS, as well as in the downloadable VMS-Playalongs.
Homework for tuesday: Let's take some time for reconsideration: think which subjects need your attention most. For ear training select those subjects from the upper box and practice them short and often rather than once and long. If you need it: The pages below (easily found in Basic Forces and Vocabulary, with answers in the VMS) could help refreshing basic knowledge of chords, scales and keys. I won't treat them in class, but I'm happy to answer any questions.
Homework for thursday
Finish the walking bass line on Secondary Thoughts in the computer room (32 bars). Make sure the bass hits the root on the beat where the new chord enters. Study the essay on p158 for explanation. Improvise a bit on Secondary Thoughts . You'll find the score and mp3 for your instrument in VMS > Sections > Secondary Dominants > Song page and Play along page. For downloading you can go to the VMS-Playalongs. Apply the techniques you learned (guidetone lines, arpeggios, melodic variations, shapes, etc). Practise with the movie and mp3 about Secondary Dominants in the Classic Chord Progressions folder. Practice suggestions are on the opening page. This way the sound of sec. dominants will settle in your ear.
This week we continued with secondary dominants by studying Secondary Thoughts. From the Phrasing chapter of the VMS we discussed the movies on harmonic and rhythmic magnetism . The cool movie with advanced voice leading examples is here. We also enjoyed each others contribution to the writing improv assignment on II-V-Is in all keys.
This week I introduced secondary dominants. We sang many practical voice leading situations, we studied the first two movies in the explanation section of Secondary Dominants in the VMS, and we watched the affiliated movie from the Classic Chord Progressions page. In practicum class we discussed melodies on II-V-I on their compositional elements. Many examples are in Fundamentals > M&R > PWYH trainer > P6 . The essay Sounding interesting on 165-166 is worth reading too.
This week we covered Guidetone lines (p159/160), and we did several assignments with the famous II-V-I-progression. Autumn Comes (in VMS > Sections > Sequence of descending fifths ) is the VMS-song that demonstrates the essence. We also studied the phenomenon of Resonance. You'll easily find the relevant movie in the Sound directory.
Homework for next thursday Go to VMS > Services > II-V-I facilities > Play along and locate the various II-V-I tracks in major (swing or bossa). Practise the guidetone lines, play them on a piano, vary around them, try bridging the modulation in an adventurous way, and improvise away. The week after next week I will ask you to make a recording, so find out how you can do that technically (smartphones, laptops, zoom devices, etc.). Help each other! Keep practising with the BP&D trainer in cat 100 and 200. You find it in VMS > Services > Ear training centre > BP&D-tab.
This week we completed the grammar of tonal harmony with one additional movie: VMS > Basics > Basic Forces > Explanation > The I6/4 chord . The Para dormir movie illustrates this circular principle of the 'holy trinity'. We enjoyed Willeke Alberti's Telkens weer as the ultimate example of the sequence of descending fifths in major and in minor. We also managed to find the chords of The Sound of Silence . with lots of plagal cadences, and - very special - no V7 and no leading tones.
Earlier we watched the first movie in the Classic Chord Progressions . The first collage with sequences of descending fifths was shown in class.
This week we covered VMS > Basics > Basic Forces > Explanation > items 1, 2, 3 and 4. The overview of all scales and scale degrees in major and minor on p 169/170 has biblical qualities!
This week we started with learning something about the Physics of sound, the movie on Harmonics/Overtones in the Sound directory. I also introduced the modal scales. Miles Davis' Flamenco Sketches is a beautiful example of modal music, but Gregorian monks are also worth listening to. In practicum class we worked on syncopations. The Walking Down The Street exercise is hosted in both programs: Fundamentals : Melody and Rhythm > Play What You See > Exercises, as well as in VMS> Services > Rhythm gym
The answer to the transcription of The Sound of Silence is in the lichtemuziek directory (see upper box). All answer pdfs appear there.
Homework for next thursday - See the box above for details.
I introduced both programs, and explained the basic principles of sightsinging. All logins are activated, don't hesitate to contact me if you can't access the site.
Please obtain 12 staff music paper, pencil (3B hardness recommended), stuff, sharpener, and the VMS Workbook in your language.
Homework for next tuesday: Fill in page 9 (intervals) in the workbook. Fill in page 12 (transpositions). Learn the circle of fifths by heart. If you don't have the workbook yet print them from Fundamentals > Theory > Exercises (print only the 1st page, p2 is bass clef). If you need to refresh your knowledge on the Circle of Fifths and on Intervals, study the two relevant movies in the Theory menu of the Fundamentals.
Homework for next thursday Study Fundamentals > M&R > Sing What You See > Explanation > Sightsinging movie. Additionally work a bit with the Write What You Hear trainer too. Work on intervals in Fundamentals > H&T > Harmony trainer.
Transcribe both voices of Simon and Garfunkels Sound of silence (15 bars cover the melody, use a double staff system) without using an instrument (only for a final check). Key is Eb minor. This key is no big deal, as I demonstrated in class. Use the lines of seconds, recognize the patterns! Simplify the rhythm if 16ths are a bit too hard.
Please bring headphones to all thursday classes. It is a good idea to find yourself an ear training buddy...
Good luck, Bart
Dear external students, Before the real homework starts on september 7 I'd like to make a few important remarks. Please study them carefully. Target group I write the homework page for my students, referring every now and then to the things discussed in class. This means that you won't always be able to follow exactly what I mean. I will try to keep things as clear as possible, but please accept a certain percentage that you won't be able to pick up. I am not unwilling to respond to e-mails with questions, but don't be disappointed if you don't always get an answer. Piano lessons The conservatory students have piano lessons - most likely you don't. The piano offers a great overview, and of course you can play chords on it. My own piano skills are pretty limited due to lack of motorical talent, but I recall one exercise as extremely useful: playing II-V-Is in a certain convenient voicing. When I skip through songs this is the technique I use for it, playing basic seventh chords with left, and melody or scales with right. I have described it in the introduction of Melodies To Harmonize Level 2 , Section of Secondary Dominants (exercise page). I strongly advise to invest in this basic skill and simply learn to play II-V-Is in all 12 (can't help it) keys as soon as possible. Math vs ears Doing analytical exercises in a way is mathemetical fun, since music is structured so beautifully. However: your musical capabilities will benefit much more from it if you also play the material on an instrument. Knowing which scales to play on a certain type of chord progression is pretty meaningless if you have no idea how it sounds! Studying the movies Studying a movie can be done in two ways: lean back and see if you get the general message, or go through it bar by bar, checking if you understand each scale, all remarks, trying out things on the piano, making summaries, etc. This last approach gives the best results. Mental matters Finally: the curriculum is for people who want to become professional musicians, and they follow an intensive program requiring a steep time investment. Whenever you feel you loose track, never let this discourage you! It is not a shame if you need more time for certain elements, and even if you would pick up say 30% of the material, that 30% is definitely worth the work. I'm not a psychologist, but I think you'll get the message. Always remember this slogan: With VMS you can study music at your own pace with a teacher you can rewind! Enjoy! Bart
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i will visit rostov this june to watch the match of world cup.
due to free train schedule and high rent fee, i will visit at noon and leave next early moring.
so i and my friend find information about train station facility information, but we can not.
i want to know,
1. is there keep my lugage? opening hours? how much can i pay?
2. is there shower room for tourist? how is it? opeing hours? how much can i pay?
3. is there room (or bed)? to short time sleep? opeing hours? how much can i pay?
this station has all these services. the cost of a room is about 1000 rubles
Luggage storage is at all Russian train stations, expect to pay about R300 per piece per day. Its a major station.
//Luggage storage is at all Russian train stations
I'm only afraid that during WC they can be overfull, because many people will follow this way - "due to free train schedule and high rent fee, i will visit at noon and leave next early moring."
This topic has been closed to new posts due to inactivity.
Find more information about
at the Center for Jewish History:
NOTE: you will be redirected to the Web site for the
Suggested reading, translation.
Town on the Don River; administrative center of the Rostov province of Russia . In 1761, the Rostov fortress and settlement were founded, and the town gained official status in 1796.
By 1811, there were 20 Jewish families living in Rostov, a number that rose successively: in 1836, there were 73 Jews (less than 1% of the population); in 1846, there were 289; and by 1853, Jews numbered approximately 500. In 1820, a Jewish cemetery was established on the left bank of the Temernik River (the site was closed in 1871, later built upon), and Jewish businesses and entrepreneurship played a leading role in the development of trade , industry , banking , and transport . ( Table: Jewish Population of Rostov-on-Don )
By the end of the 1840s, the Jewish community had a prayer house, and from 1855 a synagogue, on whose site the Main Choral Synagogue was built in 1868. Attached to it were a public library and a school. From 1863 to 1888, the community was led by Fabian O. Gnesin, a rabbi and public figure (father of the composer Mikhail Gnesin). A Jewish hospital was founded in 1881, followed by an almshouse with a prayer house in 1894 (destroyed in the 1990s). In 1888, when Rostov was made part of the Don military region, it was detached from the Pale of Settlement and thus was closed to Jewish residence. However, Jews who had settled there prior to 19 May 1887 were allowed to remain.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, Jewish organizations maintained a children’s shelter, a day nursery, an eating hall, and other charitable institutions. Many of Rostov’s Jewish children attended general schools: in 1883–1885 Jews constituted 34 percent of pupils in the gymnasium (after 1887 within the limits of numerus clausus ). In 1910, Rostov had three Talmud Torahs, a Jewish school for women, and a school attached to the main synagogue.
The Ḥoveve Tsiyon movement was popular in the 1880s, followed at the turn of the century by other Zionist organizations. Among those advocating Zionism was Moisei Aizenshtadt, a figure active in public life who served as crown rabbi of the town from 1889 to 1910. In 1907, the Tse‘ire Tsiyon group opened a library; in 1917, Zionists published the periodical Mir evreistva (World of Jewry); and in 1919 they issued Biulleten’ vremennogo merkaza sionistskoi organizatsii (Bulletin of the Provisional Center of the Zionist Organization).
On 18–20 October 1905, a pogrom raged in Rostov with the participation of Cossack units. More then 150 Jews were murdered, some 500 were wounded, and Jewish shops, stores, warehouses, and mills were damaged. A small Jewish self-defense detachment, organized by the Po‘ale Tsiyon organization, resisted the attackers. Measured by the number of victims, this pogrom was the second largest after that of Odessa in the same year.
During World War I, many Jewish refugees from the battlefront came to Rostov. In 1916, the rebbe of the Lubavitch Hasidic movement, Sholem (Shalom) Dov Ber Shneerson, settled there with his family; in 1920, his son, Yosef Yitsḥak Shneerson, moved the Tomkhe Temimim yeshiva to Rostov. The town remained a center of Lubavitch activity until 1924.
At the beginning of the civil war in 1918, the Jewish industrial and social elite supported the Whites. In 1918–1919, several Jewish organizations were founded, including the Jewish Cultural and Educational Society (which opened a private Jewish gymnasium), the Kultur-lige , the student Zionist organization He-Ḥaver, the Union of Jewish Refugees, and the Relief Society for Jewish Victims of the Civil War.
With the establishment of Soviet authority, the local Evsektsiia in the 1920s promoted the closure of Jewish institutions; it also persecuted Zionist and religious leaders, above all, Yosef Yitsḥak Shneerson. The Tomkhe Temimim yeshiva, initially closed in 1921, survived clandestinely until May 1924, when Yosef Yitsḥak was compelled to move to Leningrad . In the 1920s, nonetheless, a Jewish Third International Club sponsored political education circles and a theater studio; a club with amateur Yiddish agitprop theater was supported by the artisans’ savings and loan society; and there were classes in Yiddish at the school for working youth. Eight synagogues and prayer houses were operating in 1929, but in 1936 only the former Artisans’ synagogue remained (it was blown up in 1942). In the 1930s, however, all Jewish social, cultural, and educational institutions were closed.
In 1939, there were 27,039 Jews living in Rostov (totaling 5.4% of the population). In the summer and fall of 1941 the town was inundated with refugees; about 20,000 Jews were able to evacuate. The German army occupied the town twice, in November 1941 and from July 1942 to February 1943. The Nazis murdered 13,000 Jews on 11 August 1942. A few days later, another 2,000–5,000 Jews in the town and its vicinity were shot to death in the Jewish cemetery (in 1975, a memorial was placed in the Zmievka ravine at the site of the shootings, but the monument failed to mention that the victims were Jews).
After Rostov’s liberation from the Germans, the Jewish community was given use of the building of the former Soldiers’ Synagogue. Shaia-Meier Aronovich served as rabbi from 1944 to 1960. During those years, the Anticosmopolitan Campaign targeted the city’s most prominent Jewish scientific and cultural figures, and approximately one dozen prominent Jewish medical workers were arrested in connection with the Doctors’ Plot .
In 1959, there were 16,341 Jews living in Rostov (2.7% of the population). These numbers fell each decade: in 1970, there were 14,397 (1.8%); in 1979, 12,165 (1.3%); in 1989, 8,272 (0.8%), and in 2002 fewer than 5,000. In the late 1980s, Jewish cultural and religious life began to revive, although it did so against a background of mass emigration that peaked in 1996, when 782 Jews departed. In 1990, the Rostov Association to Aid Jewish Culture (RASEA) was created. In 1991, a secular Sunday school and a religious school, Or Menaḥem, with a kindergarten, were opened; by 1999, it had an enrollment of more than 100 pupils.
In 1993, the community received full ownership of both the former Soldiers’ Synagogue building and the former home of the Shneerson family, where a yeshiva was subsequently opened. In 1997, burials were renewed at the “New” Jewish cemetery (the third in number; it had functioned from 1922 to 1971). The Lubavitch movement established a cultural center. In 1996 the Holocaust Scientific and Educational Center was created. The Joint Distribution Committee , apart from extensive charitable projects, also promoted cultural and educational activities.
Jewish publications have been renewed as well. In 1995–1996, RASEA, supported by the Jewish Agency, issued the Rostovskaia evreiskaia gazeta (five issues), supplemented in 1995 with the information bulletin Rega (three issues). In December 1996 a newspaper, Iakhad (6–7 issues per year), began to appear, and in 1998 the Rostov Jewish Religious Community began publishing the monthly newspaper, Shema‘.
Oleg V. Budnitskii, “The Jews in Rostov-on-Don in 1918–1919,” in Jews and Jewish Topics in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe 19 (1992): 16–29; Evgenii Movshovich, “Evrei Rostova-na-Donu,” Shma-Slushai: Gazeta Rostovskoi religioznoi obschiny 12 (30 September 1999): 1, 4; 13 (30 October 1999): 3; Evgenii Malakhovskii and Evgenii Movshovich, “Iudeiskie molitvennye doma i sinagogi Rostova-na-Donu,” Donskoi vremennik: God 1999-i (1998): 102–104; Evgenii Movshovich, “Evrei na Donu,” Iakhad: Gazeta Evreiskogo agenstva Iuga-Rossii 11 (September 1998): 4; 13 (November 1998): 4; 15 (February 1999): 4; 17 (April 1999): 4; 18 (May 1999): 4; 19 (June 1999): 4; 20 (August 1999): 4; Evgenii Movshovich, “Khasidy na Donu,” Donskoi vremennik: God 2000-i (1999): 122–125.
Benyamin Lukin
Translated from Russian by I. Michael Aronson
Russian policemen and members of “Rosgvardiya,” a Russian national guard, gather not far from a pretrial detention center in Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Sunday, June 16, 2024. Russian security forces stormed a detention center in southern Russia, ending a hostage standoff, Russian state news agency RIA Novosti reported Sunday. (AP Photo)
Russian policemen, Rosguardia servicemen and medics gather not far from a pretrial detention center in Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Sunday, June 16, 2024. Russia’s Federal Penitentiary Service says inmates at a pretrial detention center in the southern Russian city of Rostov-on-Don have taken two employees hostage. (AP Photo)
Russian policemen and Rosguardia servicemen gather not far from a pretrial detention center in Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Sunday, June 16, 2024. Russia’s Federal Penitentiary Service says inmates at a pretrial detention center in the southern Russian city of Rostov-on-Don have taken two employees hostage. (AP Photo)
Russian policemen, Rosguardia servicemen and medical cars gather not far from a pretrial detention center in Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Sunday, June 16, 2024. Russia’s Federal Penitentiary Service says inmates at a pretrial detention center in the southern Russian city of Rostov-on-Don have taken two employees hostage. (AP Photo)
MOSCOW (AP) — Security forces stormed a detention center in southern Russia on Sunday, killing inmates accused of links to the Islamic State group who had taken two staff members hostage, state-funded news channel RT reported.
Journalists on the scene reported the sounds of gunfire, while multiple ambulances were seen arriving at the prison in footage on social media.
The hostages at the pretrial detention center in Rostov-on-Don were uninjured, Russia’s Federal Penitentiary Service said in a statement. It said that the hostage-takers had been “liquidated,” but didn’t comment further.
A number of local news outlets, including RT, reported that at least some of the prisoners had been killed.
Earlier, state news agency Tass, citing unnamed sources in law enforcement, had said that six hostage takers were in the central courtyard of the Rostov region’s Detention Center No. 1, armed with a penknife, a rubber baton and a fire ax. The prisoners include men accused of links to the Islamic State group, it said.
Images posted on social media appeared to show at least two of the hostage-takers wearing a headband that resembled the IS flag. Other images showed prisoners wielding knives.
Tass said that three of the hostage-takers had already been found guilty on several charges, including disseminating extremist information and plotting to blow up a Russian courthouse. One of the men was sentenced to 18½ years in prison, while the other two received 18 years, Tass reported, but said that the verdict hadn’t yet entered legal force.
IS has carried out a number of attacks on Russian soil in recent years. An affiliate of IS claimed responsibility for the most recent attack in March, when gunmen opened fire on a crowd at a concert hall in suburban Moscow, killing 145 people.
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In 1939, there were 27,039 Jews living in Rostov (totaling 5.4% of the population). In the summer and fall of 1941 the town was inundated with refugees; about 20,000 Jews were able to evacuate. The German army occupied the town twice, in November 1941 and from July 1942 to February 1943. The Nazis murdered 13,000 Jews on 11 August 1942.
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