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Chapter 7: Research design - qualitative methods

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2014, Doing Research in the Real World, 3rd edn

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Conducting a well-established research requires deep knowledge about the research designs. Doing research can be likened to jumping into the sea which may transform into a huge ocean if the researcher is not experienced. As a PhD candidate and a novice researcher, I believe that the book "Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches" by J.W. Creswell is a true reference guide for novice researchers since it is the most comprehensive and informative source with its reader-friendly structure.

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There are a number of approaches used in this research method design. The purpose of this chapter is to design the methodology of the research approach through mixed types of research techniques. The research approach also supports the researcher on how to come across the research result findings. In this chapter, the general design of the research and the methods used for data collection are explained in detail. It includes three main parts. The first part gives a highlight about the dissertation design. The second part discusses about qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. The last part illustrates the general research framework. The purpose of this section is to indicate how the research was conducted throughout the study periods.

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An Introduction to Qualitative Research

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An Introduction to Qualitative Research

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qualitative research design

Qualitative Research Design

Jan 03, 2020

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Qualitative Research Design. Questions for Thought. What are the three types of qualitative research traditions that have been especially useful for nurse researchers?. Design of Qualitative Studies. Study design typically evolves over the course of the study

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Qualitative ResearchDesign

Questions for Thought • What are the three types of qualitative research traditions that have been especially useful for nurse researchers?

Design of Qualitative Studies • Study design typically evolves over the course of the study • Emergent design: a design that emerges as the researcher makes ongoing decisions reflecting what has already been learned

Design of Qualitative Studies • Study is based on the realities and viewpoints of those under study

Design of Qualitative Studies • Characteristics of Qualitative Research Design • Usually choose topics poorly understood or little is known about them • Flexible, ability to adjust as needed • Use various data collection strategies • Holistic • Researcher very involved, usually in the field • Researcher becomes the research instrument • Requires ongoing analysis throughout data collection

Qualitative Design • Characteristics of Qualitative Research Design • Do not have independent and dependent variables • Do not develop hypothesis but the findings are often used in quantitative research hypotheses formulation • Do not pose refined research questions, have broad research question • They usually don’t control or manipulate any variables • Don’t make group comparisons • Design is usually nonexperimental • Can be cross-sectional or longitudinal • Can have multiple data collection points over time

Planning of Qualitative Studies • Researcher Plans for the Study by Determining: • Which research tradition will be used • Study site or setting • Determine who are the gatekeepers • Time and resources available • Required equipment

Qualitative Design • Research Setting • Real-world • Naturalistic settings • In the field • May study phenomena in a variety of settings

Qualitative Research Traditions 1. Ethnography 2. Phenomenology 3. Grounded Theory

Qualiative Research Traditions: Ethnography • Ethnography • Focuses on the culture of a group of people • CULTURAL BEHAVIOUR (what they do) • CULTURAL ARTIFACTS (what they make and use) • CULTURAL SPEECH (what they say) • Every human group evolves a culture that guides members’ view of the world and cultural values • Researcher learns from the culture versus studying the culture • Can be viewed from macroethnography (broad) or microethnography (narrow) focus

Qualitative Research Traditions: Ethnography • Ethnography • Emic perspective • The way the members of the culture envision their world, insiders’ view • Etic perspective • The outsider's interpretation of the experiences of that culture • Ethnographers attempt to gain an emic perspective

Qualitative Research Traditions: Ethnography • Ethnography • Researchers may spend years with a culture as an active participant • Researcher as instrument • As the researcher plays a significant role in analyzing and interpreting a culture

Qualitative Research Traditions: Ethnography • Ethnography • Collect data through • Observation • In-depth interviews • Records and charts • Photographs • Diaries • Usually 25 to 50 informants

Qualitative Research Traditions: Phenomenology • Phenomenology • Focuses on the lived experience • Interpreting and understanding human experience • What people experience in regard to a phenomenon and how they interpret (perceive) those experiences • i.e. meaning of stress, experience of bereavement, quality of life in chronic illness

Qualitative Research Traditions: Phenomenology • Phenomenology attempts to understand and describe • Spatiality – lived space • Corporeality – lived body • Temporality – lived time • Relationality – lived human relations

Qualitative Research Traditions: Phenomenology • Phenomenology • Steps of study process • Bracketing • Identifying preconceived beliefs and opinions in attempts to view the data without bias • Intuiting • Researcher is open to alternative meanings • Analyzing • Categorizing and making sense of the meanings of the phenomenon • Describing • Researcher understands and defines the phenomenon

Qualitative Research Traditions: Phenomenology • Phenomenology • Collect data through • In-depth conversations • Usually 10 or fewer informants

Qualitative Research Traditions: Grounded Theory • Grounded Theory • Study's the social processes and social structures • Assesses the manner in which people make sense of social interactions and the interpretations they attach to social symbols • Purpose is to generate explanations of phenomena that are grounded in reality • Uses the data to provide an explanation of events as they occur in reality • i.e. study process used by mothers to cope with the stress of managing multiple responsibilities

Qualitative Research Traditions: Grounded Theory • Grounded Theory • Data collecting, analysis and sampling of participants occur simultaneously • Constant comparison – categories are developed from the data are constantly compared with data obtained eariler

Qualitative Research Traditions: Grounded Theory • Grounded Theory • Collect data through • In-depth conversations • Observation • Existing documents • Usually 25 to 50 informants

Integration of Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches • Integrated designs • A research design that integrates qualitative and quantitative methodologies and data • Can be in a single study or a cluster of studies

Integration of Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches • Integration Strategies • Embedding qualitative approaches within a survey • Embedding quantitative measures into field work • Qualitative data in experimental and quasi-experimental research

Reference Loiselle, C. G., Profetto-McGrath, J., Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2011). Canadian essentials of nursing research. (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.

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  1. CHARACTERISTICS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN | PPT - SlideShare

    Qualitative research is an inductive approach used to discover or expand knowledge about social and cultural phenomena. It involves the researcher identifying meanings and relevance through intense involvement. Some key characteristics include emerging design, flexibility, holistic perspective, and ongoing data analysis.

  2. Qualitative research designs | PPT - SlideShare

    This document provides an overview of qualitative research. It defines qualitative research as research using text and pictures rather than numbers, taking a holistic approach to understand phenomena. The document outlines several major qualitative research designs including case studies, ethnography, phenomenology, grounded theory, and content ...

  3. Qualitative research design | PPT - SlideShare

    This document provides an overview of different qualitative research designs, including their definitions, characteristics, data collection methods, advantages and disadvantages. It discusses phenomenology, ethnography, grounded theory, historical research, case studies, and action research.

  4. PowerPoint Presentation

    a two-phase mixed methods design: qualitative data helps explain or build upon initial quantitative results (qualitative data collected after quantitative analysis) Exploratory two-phase mixed methods design is that the results of the first method (qualitative) can help develop or inform the second method (quantitative).

  5. INTRODUCTION TO QUALITATIVE RESEARCH - ppt download - SlidePlayer

    1. Recognise the meaning of research design, research methodology and research methods. 2. Recognise the key characteristics of qualitative research. 3. Distinguish between qualitative and quantitative methods in research. 4. Describe qualitative research approaches (designs). 5.

  6. Asking the Right Question: Qualitative Research Design and ...

    Learning Objectives. To develop an understanding of different approaches to qualitative research. To understand how to design and conduct qualitative study visits and perform data collection, including tips and practices for qualitative interviewing.

  7. Principles of Qualitative Research: Designing a Qualitative Study

    What is qualitative research? Qualitative research is an inquiry approach in which the inquirer: • explores a central phenomenon (one key concept) • asks participants broad, general questions. • collects detailed views of participants in the form of words or images. 5.

  8. Chapter 7: Research design - qualitative methods - Academia.edu

    In this chapter, the general design of the research and the methods used for data collection are explained in detail. It includes three main parts. The first part gives a highlight about the dissertation design. The second part discusses about qualitative and quantitative data collection methods.

  9. An Introduction to Qualitative Research - ppt download

    Overview Part One: Research Process and Design Part Two: Sampling Part Three: Documentary Research Part Four: Participant Observation Part Five: Interviews Part Six: Focus Groups Part Seven: Mixed Methods (Case Studies, Ethnography and Action Research) Part Eight: Qualitative Data Analysis Part Nine: Trustworthiness in Qualitative Research Part ...

  10. PPT - Qualitative Research Design PowerPoint Presentation ...

    Design of Qualitative Studies • Characteristics of Qualitative Research Design • Usually choose topics poorly understood or little is known about them • Flexible, ability to adjust as needed • Use various data collection strategies • Holistic • Researcher very involved, usually in the field • Researcher becomes the research ...