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LLM Thesis: 'Prosecuting Human Trafficking under International Law: Challenges and Responses'

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Lindsay Farmer

human trafficking thesis

J. Dylan van Houcke

Slavery is often considered a historic aspect of the Roman Empire or the slave trade to the New World. However, according to official estimates there are currently around 21 million people enslaved in some way or another. Consequently, there are at present more enslaved people than at any other point in history. Many of these people are caught in a web of human trafficking reminiscent of an archaic and uncivilized world from humanities history. Even though, or probably even because, 20th century Neoliberalism promised us unlimited wealth by means of globalization the reality of the present now paints the totally different picture. One of inequality within and among nations in which consumerism has turned even human beings into a tradable good. The first part of this essay will describe what human trafficking is by determining the definition given by international law. In the second part the current international legal and normative framework will be set out and the problems the approach this framework stands for will be analyzed. The third part of this essay will strive to make clear how the effects of globalization are the main roots of human trafficking and thus an effective strategy combating the problem has to take a holistic approach with human rights considerations at its core. Finally, the fourth part of this essay will deal with the question of both the legal and moral responsibility States have in combating the problem of human trafficking. On the whole, the main argument of this essay will be that the current international legal and normative framework does not adequately combat the issue of human trafficking because it marginalizes the human rights aspect. Furthermore, it will argue that States have a legal and moral obligation to create a more holistic framework and combat the violations of a victim of human trafficking human rights, by the denial of that person’s freedom, in a more effective manner.

Bernard K Freamon

Andréa Mubiayi

Enterprise and Society

Silvia Scarpa

European Review of Organised Crime (EROC)

There is a good understanding of what happens to victims of human trafficking and modern slavery— " working long hours for little or no money or food, forced into a life of crime or pushed into the sex industry. Their entire life and liberty is in the hands of another, with no say and no way out " (Home Office 2013). While human trafficking and modern slavery are intrinsic problems because of the impact they have on victims, a greater threat emerges from the involvement of organised crime. The profit motives and violence associated with organised crime makes human trafficking and modern slavery more dangerous for victims and difficult to detect and address. The role of organised crime in human trafficking and modern slavery is not adequately understood. There is an insufficient understanding of what form organised criminal involvement takes, how cohesive criminal networks are across the supply chain and which elements they are involved in. An alliance of NGOs identified in 2012 how little we know about this part of human trafficking, and there hasn't been a significant growth in the academic literature since then. This Special Issue works towards filling this evidence gap. Each article engages with a different part of the problem. One article focuses on Nigeria, a key source country for human trafficking into Europe. Another focuses on the illegal kidney trade, a growing source of revenue for organised crime groups. The other articles engage with different strategies to respond to human trafficking, including corporate responsibility, multi-stakeholder partnerships, community prosecution, following financial flows and risk assessments. This is the area that needs the most evidence in order to respond effectively. The recognition of human trafficking and modern slavery as an organised crime problem has increased considerably. The UK's Independent Anti-Slavery

Nicole Siller

Considering the number of instruments drafted over the last century, it can be safely asserted that human trafficking has been one of the items at the forefront of the international legislative agenda for the past 110 years. Although the formative agreements consistently recognized the criminality of trafficking in persons, it is evident that they failed in explicitly defining “trafficking” as a criminal offense. It was not until the emergence of the Palermo Protocol that an unequivocal definition of “trafficking” made its way into an international trafficking convention. Notwithstanding this regrettable the loophole, the value and import of these initial instruments as criminal justice tools should not be underestimated. Scholars in the field of human trafficking research have broadly documented the chronology of events in a historical context. Yet, scholarship focused on identifying and isolating “human trafficking” as a legal concept by way of contextualizing the substance provided in each of the 20th century conventions from a criminal justice perspective under international law is scarce. Surprisingly, an in depth and legally critical analysis of these formative international legal instruments has escaped academic scrutiny. Utilizing a meticulous textual analysis of these instruments in conjunction with any relevant preparatory works, this paper’s objectives are three fold. Firstly, it will thoroughly examine the primary international trafficking agreements to ascertain whether criminal justice definitions of “trafficking” exist in each of the documents and if the elements of this crime are accurately understood in each treaty. Secondly, it will determine whether the legal construct of human trafficking as an international criminal concern has evolved over time. Indeed, a textual analysis of each treaty in chronological order reveals the existence of a statutory evolution in international law which manifests itself in scope of the offense, confines of criminal liability, and definition of the crime. Thirdly and finally, it is the purpose of this research to document what constituted trafficking as a criminal offense in these various instruments, to which persons the treaties and conventions provided protections, and to whom criminal liability extended. In traversing through a century of international human trafficking legislation, this paper will aim in contributing to unmask human trafficking as the crime of a thousand faces.

Journal of World History

Sealing Cheng

International Moot Court Competition 2018, Team of the National and Kapodostrian University of Athens

Eleni Kontou

This paper is the memorial of the Office of the Prosecutor in the ICC Moot Court Competition 2018. It examines: a) the existence of an inthernational custom, according to which the newly emerged forms of Human Trafficking, meaning those of debt-bondage and forced labor, consist a crime, different from that of slavery, b) whether legal enitities, such as international companies, can be held liable for committing a crime and c) potential factors that could impact the objectivity and integrity of a member of the judiciary. It is important to underline, that the above mentioned issues, constituted firsts for the ICC. The rapid evolution of the crime of Human Trafficking and its transnational character, has alarmed the OTP of the Court. Therefore, it has directed its policy towards the extraction of an internationally binding legal code against this type of human exploitation.

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Home — Essay Samples — Social Issues — Human Trafficking — Thesis Statement for Human Trafficking

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Thesis Statement for Human Trafficking

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Published: Mar 20, 2024

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Prevalence of human trafficking, causes of human trafficking, impact on victims, measures to combat human trafficking.

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COMMENTS

  1. PDF Thesis Human Trafficking

    Sex trafficking. is defined as "a commercial sex act that is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the. person induced to perform sex acts is under 18 years of age" (Trafficking Victims Protection Act. of 2000). Measures have been implemented to help combat and prevent human trafficking.

  2. PDF Human Trafficking: Modern-day Slavery in Need of A Modern-day Solution

    This thesis examines various policy responses to the growing problem of human trafficking and the political barriers that have prevented these policies from adequately addressing the problem. The first chapter explores trafficking policy in the U.S. and why it has failed to ... Human Trafficking in Canada ...

  3. PDF Human Trafficking: A Rural and an Urban Problem

    A Thesis in the Field of International Relations. for the Degree of Master of Liberal Arts in Extension Studies. Harvard University. November 2021 2021 Alisa Gbiorczyk Abstract. It has to be recognized that human trafficking is a problem in all American states. Small towns do, in fact, face this international problem.

  4. PDF Investigating Human Trafficking Within the United States: A ...

    Human trafficking remains one of the most pervasive criminal activities worldwide, including in the United States. Much of the research on human trafficking in the U.S. has been limited, focusing primarily on individual-level factors, providing victim assistance, or with a few exceptions, examining the role of structural characteristics on ...

  5. An analysis of the causes and contributing factors to human trafficking

    The objectives of this research were: (1) to determine the contributing factors to human trafficking, (2) to analysis the causes of human trafficking, (3) to determine the impediments that hinders the criminal justice system (CJS) to successfully investigate, combat and prosecute human trafficking, (4) from the findings, to recommend the ...

  6. PDF Approach to the Global Human Trafficking Crisis: Analyzing Applications

    de. ygenerating ne. work maps, social network analysis allows the role and influence of net. ork actorsto be analyzed. Social network analysis is also used to identify, describe, and m. relationships in a network, or analyze the structure of a system (Blanchet and James, 2012). system andtheorize about c.

  7. PDF Protecting Victims of Human Trafficking: Understanding the Variation in

    With an estimated 24.9 million victims of human trafficking around the world, trafficking in persons is increasingly one of the most pressing issues of our time (International Labor Organization, 2017). While human trafficking is not a new phenomenon, it was not until 2000 that the first federal human trafficking legislation was enacted in the U.S.

  8. Human Trafficking Thesis

    A Masters Thesis submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in ... human trafficking category" as (a) sex trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such act has not attained 18

  9. Combating Human Trafficking: Assessing Justice Systems Response

    The purpose of this thesis was to examine and assess justice system efforts in combating human. trafficking; more specifically sex trafficking. The goal was to understand how efforts of. combating human trafficking started, how they progressed, and to explore where efforts remain. at this time.

  10. Technology and Child Sex Trafficking

    1 Cassandra DiRienzo, "Compliance with Anti-Human Trafficking Policies: The Mediating Effect of Corruption," Crime, Law and Social Change 70, no. 5 (December 1, 2018): ... These forms of trafficking coexist as this thesis will clarify. Most often, one does not exist without the other, and if they do, both constitute trafficking in the case ...

  11. Barriers and the Prevention of Human Trafficking Child Exploitation

    time continues to pass. The magnitude and scope of human trafficking establish the possibility of creating positive social change by making an impact on the lives of those who work towards resolving the problem of human trafficking, the lives of those who have already been victims of human trafficking, and the lives of those who are currently

  12. Human-centered Approach to Technology to Combat Human Trafficking

    ishing a thesis while starting a new faculty position. I am also thankful for the incredible mentors and friends I have worked with at Georgia Tech - including Munmun de Choud- ... Human trafficking is a serious crime that continues to plague the United States. With the rise of computing technologies, the internet has become one of the main ...

  13. Human Trafficking and Its Evolution into Cyberspace: How Has Technology

    Thesis Chair: Erica Fissel, Ph.D . ii . ABSTRACT. ... "Human trafficking is a form of modern-day slavery in which traffickers use force, fraud, or coercion to control victims for the purpose of engaging in commercial sex acts or labor services against his/her will" (Human Trafficking Hotline, 2021, paras. 1). ...

  14. (PDF) Investigating Human Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation: From

    Thesis PDF Available. ... Human trafficking is such a complex phenomenon that both types of qualitative research are needed even as the search continues for best practices in prevention and ...

  15. PDF Human Trafficking of Men: A Gendered Perspective on Victimhood

    This thesis argues that the invisibility of male victims of human trafficking stems from how human trafficking has been defined in national and international law and from the gendered ways in which victimhood is understood and experienced. Employing Michel Foucault's problematization, the thesis examines how knowledge about human trafficking was

  16. Human Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation Purposes

    Chapter 1: A general introduction to the phenomenon of human trafficking 7 1.1 Introduction to human trafficking 7 1.2 Human Trafficking in International Law 9 1.2.1 The United Nations Convention Against TransnationalCrime (UNTOC) 9 1.2.2 The United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress,and Punish Trafficking in Persons,

  17. What could be a thesis statement for an essay on human trafficking

    Quick answer: A thesis statement on human trafficking should explore how human trafficking exploits vulnerable people and exposes them to a ruthless cycle of abuse and mistreatment. Each of the ...

  18. Human Trafficking as a Threat to the Security of Americans

    illicit drugs, arms, and people (The White House, 2011). Many view human trafficking as a human rights issue, and while this is an accurate statement, there are implications of a link between human trafficking and human and national security. Thousands of U.S. citizens, mostly women and children, are trafficked within U.S. borders, primarily for

  19. (PDF) Human Trafficking: Causes and implications

    Human trafficking is a grave concern that we often choose to overlook. In India, this problem has escalated in recent years, with Assam being labelled the trafficking hub of the country in 2015.

  20. PDF Strengthening the Enforcement of Policy to Combat Human Trafficking: a

    combatting human trafficking. As non-governmental organisations develop capacity and knowledge to combat human trafficking they have often become key stakeholders in the field. In this dissertation, I examine to what extent the efforts of NGOs are aligned with the South African Government policy and legislative agenda in dealing with human

  21. Health Care and Human Trafficking: Improving the Quality of Policies

    Human trafficking, or trafficking in persons, is a type of violence that occurs around the world (International Labour Organization et al., Citation 2022).It was defined over 20 years ago by the United Nations General Assembly (Citation 2000) and Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA, Citation 2000).The TVPA outlaws "severe forms of trafficking in persons" (Citation 2000), which ...

  22. LLM Thesis: 'Prosecuting Human Trafficking under International Law

    Human Trafficking: An Open Problem In spite of the recent developments in the anti-trafficking legislation, today, more than 200 years after the adoption of the first national laws for the suppression of slavery, trafficking in persons still exists, and is even expected to increase in the next years.

  23. An analysis of the causes and contributing factors to human trafficking

    PhD thesis. Prof Mofokeng Jacob did a critical review of the manuscript before submission for publication consideration. Formatting, proof-reading, as well as the technical presentation of the manuscript in compliance with author ... Human trafficking is a complex phenomenon fueled by the tremendous growth in the

  24. PDF Human Trafficking: A Study Exploring its Causes, Current Efforts and

    A Thesis Submitted for the Partial Fulfilment of ... Human trafficking is a profit making business worldwide. Traffickers make lump sum amount of money at the cost of the lives of innocent people which consists of babies, young girls, children, women, men (Orhant & Murphy, 2002). ...

  25. Thesis Statement for Human Trafficking

    Human trafficking is a heinous crime that violates the fundamental human rightsof individuals across the globe. This essay aims to explore the various aspects of human trafficking, including its prevalence, causes, impact on victims, and measures to combat this abhorrent practice. By examining the statistics, evidence, and reputable sources ...

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    Summer Semester 2025 (LL.M. Executive Track students only) Instruction Begins for Early Start May 20, Tuesday Memorial Day Holiday, no classes meet May 26, Monday Last day of classes for Early Start May 30, Friday Exam period for Early Start May 31 - June 1, Saturday - Sunday Orientation June 2, Monday Instruction Begins for […]

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    Here's the book's thesis: Communists have no actual beliefs, they just live to make normal people poor and miserable. "They simply hate those who are good looking and successful," Posobiec ...