Autism Research

autism research journal impact factor

Subject Area and Category

  • Genetics (clinical)
  • Neurology (clinical)
  • Neuroscience (miscellaneous)

John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Publication type

19393792, 19393806

Information

How to publish in this journal

[email protected]

autism research journal impact factor

The set of journals have been ranked according to their SJR and divided into four equal groups, four quartiles. Q1 (green) comprises the quarter of the journals with the highest values, Q2 (yellow) the second highest values, Q3 (orange) the third highest values and Q4 (red) the lowest values.

CategoryYearQuartile
Genetics (clinical)2005Q4
Genetics (clinical)2006Q4
Genetics (clinical)2007Q4
Genetics (clinical)2009Q3
Genetics (clinical)2010Q2
Genetics (clinical)2011Q1
Genetics (clinical)2012Q1
Genetics (clinical)2013Q1
Genetics (clinical)2014Q1
Genetics (clinical)2015Q1
Genetics (clinical)2016Q2
Genetics (clinical)2017Q2
Genetics (clinical)2018Q2
Genetics (clinical)2019Q2
Genetics (clinical)2020Q1
Genetics (clinical)2021Q1
Genetics (clinical)2022Q1
Genetics (clinical)2023Q1
Neurology (clinical)2005Q4
Neurology (clinical)2006Q4
Neurology (clinical)2007Q4
Neurology (clinical)2009Q2
Neurology (clinical)2010Q1
Neurology (clinical)2011Q1
Neurology (clinical)2012Q1
Neurology (clinical)2013Q1
Neurology (clinical)2014Q1
Neurology (clinical)2015Q1
Neurology (clinical)2016Q1
Neurology (clinical)2017Q1
Neurology (clinical)2018Q1
Neurology (clinical)2019Q1
Neurology (clinical)2020Q1
Neurology (clinical)2021Q1
Neurology (clinical)2022Q1
Neurology (clinical)2023Q1
Neuroscience (miscellaneous)2005Q4
Neuroscience (miscellaneous)2006Q4
Neuroscience (miscellaneous)2007Q4
Neuroscience (miscellaneous)2009Q3
Neuroscience (miscellaneous)2010Q2
Neuroscience (miscellaneous)2011Q1
Neuroscience (miscellaneous)2012Q1
Neuroscience (miscellaneous)2013Q1
Neuroscience (miscellaneous)2014Q1
Neuroscience (miscellaneous)2015Q1
Neuroscience (miscellaneous)2016Q2
Neuroscience (miscellaneous)2017Q2
Neuroscience (miscellaneous)2018Q1
Neuroscience (miscellaneous)2019Q1
Neuroscience (miscellaneous)2020Q1
Neuroscience (miscellaneous)2021Q1
Neuroscience (miscellaneous)2022Q1
Neuroscience (miscellaneous)2023Q1

The SJR is a size-independent prestige indicator that ranks journals by their 'average prestige per article'. It is based on the idea that 'all citations are not created equal'. SJR is a measure of scientific influence of journals that accounts for both the number of citations received by a journal and the importance or prestige of the journals where such citations come from It measures the scientific influence of the average article in a journal, it expresses how central to the global scientific discussion an average article of the journal is.

YearSJR
20050.102
20060.102
20070.102
20090.606
20101.678
20112.431
20122.335
20132.316
20142.317
20152.236
20161.648
20171.477
20181.616
20191.506
20201.656
20211.376
20221.323
20231.686

Evolution of the number of published documents. All types of documents are considered, including citable and non citable documents.

YearDocuments
20050
20060
20070
200840
200931
201043
201145
201241
201358
201467
201572
2016115
2017168
2018144
2019158
2020181
2021221
2022189
2023206

This indicator counts the number of citations received by documents from a journal and divides them by the total number of documents published in that journal. The chart shows the evolution of the average number of times documents published in a journal in the past two, three and four years have been cited in the current year. The two years line is equivalent to journal impact factor ™ (Thomson Reuters) metric.

Cites per documentYearValue
Cites / Doc. (4 years)20050.000
Cites / Doc. (4 years)20060.000
Cites / Doc. (4 years)20070.000
Cites / Doc. (4 years)20080.000
Cites / Doc. (4 years)20091.325
Cites / Doc. (4 years)20103.324
Cites / Doc. (4 years)20114.404
Cites / Doc. (4 years)20125.094
Cites / Doc. (4 years)20135.906
Cites / Doc. (4 years)20145.021
Cites / Doc. (4 years)20154.967
Cites / Doc. (4 years)20164.639
Cites / Doc. (4 years)20174.163
Cites / Doc. (4 years)20184.107
Cites / Doc. (4 years)20194.363
Cites / Doc. (4 years)20204.821
Cites / Doc. (4 years)20215.055
Cites / Doc. (4 years)20225.054
Cites / Doc. (4 years)20235.937
Cites / Doc. (3 years)20050.000
Cites / Doc. (3 years)20060.000
Cites / Doc. (3 years)20070.000
Cites / Doc. (3 years)20080.000
Cites / Doc. (3 years)20091.325
Cites / Doc. (3 years)20103.324
Cites / Doc. (3 years)20114.404
Cites / Doc. (3 years)20124.933
Cites / Doc. (3 years)20135.434
Cites / Doc. (3 years)20144.847
Cites / Doc. (3 years)20155.078
Cites / Doc. (3 years)20163.797
Cites / Doc. (3 years)20174.031
Cites / Doc. (3 years)20183.944
Cites / Doc. (3 years)20194.276
Cites / Doc. (3 years)20204.523
Cites / Doc. (3 years)20214.824
Cites / Doc. (3 years)20224.682
Cites / Doc. (3 years)20235.843
Cites / Doc. (2 years)20050.000
Cites / Doc. (2 years)20060.000
Cites / Doc. (2 years)20070.000
Cites / Doc. (2 years)20080.000
Cites / Doc. (2 years)20091.325
Cites / Doc. (2 years)20103.324
Cites / Doc. (2 years)20113.919
Cites / Doc. (2 years)20124.386
Cites / Doc. (2 years)20134.977
Cites / Doc. (2 years)20144.919
Cites / Doc. (2 years)20153.592
Cites / Doc. (2 years)20163.496
Cites / Doc. (2 years)20173.791
Cites / Doc. (2 years)20183.816
Cites / Doc. (2 years)20193.888
Cites / Doc. (2 years)20204.278
Cites / Doc. (2 years)20214.159
Cites / Doc. (2 years)20224.271
Cites / Doc. (2 years)20235.644

Evolution of the total number of citations and journal's self-citations received by a journal's published documents during the three previous years. Journal Self-citation is defined as the number of citation from a journal citing article to articles published by the same journal.

CitesYearValue
Self Cites20050
Self Cites20060
Self Cites20070
Self Cites20080
Self Cites20098
Self Cites20108
Self Cites201130
Self Cites201224
Self Cites201327
Self Cites201432
Self Cites201529
Self Cites201654
Self Cites201781
Self Cites2018102
Self Cites2019131
Self Cites2020151
Self Cites2021183
Self Cites2022197
Self Cites2023230
Total Cites20050
Total Cites20060
Total Cites20070
Total Cites20080
Total Cites200953
Total Cites2010236
Total Cites2011502
Total Cites2012587
Total Cites2013701
Total Cites2014698
Total Cites2015843
Total Cites2016748
Total Cites20171024
Total Cites20181400
Total Cites20191826
Total Cites20202126
Total Cites20212330
Total Cites20222622
Total Cites20233453

Evolution of the number of total citation per document and external citation per document (i.e. journal self-citations removed) received by a journal's published documents during the three previous years. External citations are calculated by subtracting the number of self-citations from the total number of citations received by the journal’s documents.

CitesYearValue
External Cites per document20050
External Cites per document20060
External Cites per document20070
External Cites per document20080
External Cites per document20091.125
External Cites per document20103.211
External Cites per document20114.140
External Cites per document20124.731
External Cites per document20135.225
External Cites per document20144.625
External Cites per document20154.904
External Cites per document20163.523
External Cites per document20173.713
External Cites per document20183.656
External Cites per document20193.970
External Cites per document20204.202
External Cites per document20214.445
External Cites per document20224.330
External Cites per document20235.453
Cites per document20050.000
Cites per document20060.000
Cites per document20070.000
Cites per document20080.000
Cites per document20091.325
Cites per document20103.324
Cites per document20114.404
Cites per document20124.933
Cites per document20135.434
Cites per document20144.847
Cites per document20155.078
Cites per document20163.797
Cites per document20174.031
Cites per document20183.944
Cites per document20194.276
Cites per document20204.523
Cites per document20214.824
Cites per document20224.682
Cites per document20235.843

International Collaboration accounts for the articles that have been produced by researchers from several countries. The chart shows the ratio of a journal's documents signed by researchers from more than one country; that is including more than one country address.

YearInternational Collaboration
20050
20060
20070
200817.50
200919.35
201020.93
20118.89
201239.02
201324.14
201428.36
201526.39
201633.91
201732.74
201824.31
201929.11
202027.62
202124.89
202231.75
202327.67

Not every article in a journal is considered primary research and therefore "citable", this chart shows the ratio of a journal's articles including substantial research (research articles, conference papers and reviews) in three year windows vs. those documents other than research articles, reviews and conference papers.

DocumentsYearValue
Non-citable documents20050
Non-citable documents20060
Non-citable documents20070
Non-citable documents20080
Non-citable documents20098
Non-citable documents201010
Non-citable documents201111
Non-citable documents20126
Non-citable documents20139
Non-citable documents20149
Non-citable documents20157
Non-citable documents20162
Non-citable documents20175
Non-citable documents201814
Non-citable documents201921
Non-citable documents202030
Non-citable documents202126
Non-citable documents202238
Non-citable documents202344
Citable documents20050
Citable documents20060
Citable documents20070
Citable documents20080
Citable documents200932
Citable documents201061
Citable documents2011103
Citable documents2012113
Citable documents2013120
Citable documents2014135
Citable documents2015159
Citable documents2016195
Citable documents2017249
Citable documents2018341
Citable documents2019406
Citable documents2020440
Citable documents2021457
Citable documents2022522
Citable documents2023547

Ratio of a journal's items, grouped in three years windows, that have been cited at least once vs. those not cited during the following year.

DocumentsYearValue
Uncited documents20050
Uncited documents20060
Uncited documents20070
Uncited documents20080
Uncited documents200920
Uncited documents201019
Uncited documents201123
Uncited documents201223
Uncited documents201317
Uncited documents201420
Uncited documents201523
Uncited documents201623
Uncited documents201726
Uncited documents201852
Uncited documents201956
Uncited documents202065
Uncited documents202154
Uncited documents202267
Uncited documents202368
Cited documents20050
Cited documents20060
Cited documents20070
Cited documents20080
Cited documents200920
Cited documents201052
Cited documents201191
Cited documents201296
Cited documents2013112
Cited documents2014124
Cited documents2015143
Cited documents2016174
Cited documents2017228
Cited documents2018303
Cited documents2019371
Cited documents2020405
Cited documents2021429
Cited documents2022493
Cited documents2023523

Evolution of the percentage of female authors.

YearFemale Percent
20050.00
20060.00
20070.00
200854.11
200956.78
201051.96
201153.42
201249.05
201358.74
201453.57
201554.77
201650.41
201756.84
201857.01
201959.95
202058.87
202162.76
202264.42
202361.44

Evolution of the number of documents cited by public policy documents according to Overton database.

DocumentsYearValue
Overton20050
Overton20060
Overton20070
Overton200813
Overton200911
Overton201013
Overton20118
Overton201219
Overton201314
Overton201418
Overton201544
Overton201689
Overton201733
Overton201822
Overton201917
Overton202011
Overton20217
Overton20226
Overton20232

Evoution of the number of documents related to Sustainable Development Goals defined by United Nations. Available from 2018 onwards.

DocumentsYearValue
SDG201814
SDG201920
SDG202020
SDG202131
SDG202223
SDG202322

Scimago Journal & Country Rank

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autism research journal impact factor

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  • General & Introductory Life Sciences
  • Neuroscience
  • Neurogenetics

autism research journal impact factor

Autism Research

Print ISSN: 1939-3792

Online ISSN: 1939-3806

Impact Factor: 5.3

International Society for Autism Research

autism research journal impact factor

Edited By:David G. Amaral, Ph.D

Autism Research - Impact Score, Ranking, SJR, h-index, Citescore, Rating, Publisher, ISSN, and Other Important Details

Published By: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Abbreviation: Autism Res.

Impact Score The impact Score or journal impact score (JIS) is equivalent to Impact Factor. The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as indexed by Clarivate's Web of Science. On the other hand, Impact Score is based on Scopus data.

Important details.

Autism Research
Autism Res.
Journal
Genetics (clinical) (Q1); Neurology (clinical) (Q1); Neuroscience (miscellaneous) (Q1)
4.71
1.323
85
2642
John Wiley & Sons Inc.
United States
19393792, 19393806
2008-2022
Q1

(Last 3 Year)
2915

About Autism Research

Autism Research is a journal published by John Wiley & Sons Inc. . This journal covers the area[s] related to Genetics (clinical), Neurology (clinical), Neuroscience (miscellaneous), etc . The coverage history of this journal is as follows: 2008-2022. The rank of this journal is 2642 . This journal's impact score, h-index, and SJR are 4.71, 85, and 1.323, respectively. The ISSN of this journal is/are as follows: 19393792, 19393806 . The best quartile of Autism Research is Q1 . This journal has received a total of 2915 citations during the last three years (Preceding 2022).

Autism Research Impact Score 2022-2023

The impact score (IS), also denoted as the Journal impact score (JIS), of an academic journal is a measure of the yearly average number of citations to recent articles published in that journal. It is based on Scopus data.

Prediction of Autism Research Impact Score 2023

Impact Score 2022 of Autism Research is 4.71 . If a similar upward trend continues, IS may increase in 2023 as well.

Impact Score Graph

Check below the impact score trends of autism research. this is based on scopus data..

Year Impact Score (IS)
2023/2024 Coming Soon
2022 4.71
2021 4.13
2020 4.24
2019 3.85
2018 3.81
2017 3.79
2016 3.53
2015 3.58
2014 4.92

Autism Research h-index

The h-index of Autism Research is 85 . By definition of the h-index, this journal has at least 85 published articles with more than 85 citations.

What is h-index?

The h-index (also known as the Hirsch index or Hirsh index) is a scientometric parameter used to evaluate the scientific impact of the publications and journals. It is defined as the maximum value of h such that the given Journal has published at least h papers and each has at least h citations.

Autism Research ISSN

The International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) of Autism Research is/are as follows: 19393792, 19393806 .

The ISSN is a unique 8-digit identifier for a specific publication like Magazine or Journal. The ISSN is used in the postal system and in the publishing world to identify the articles that are published in journals, magazines, newsletters, etc. This is the number assigned to your article by the publisher, and it is the one you will use to reference your article within the library catalogues.

ISSN code (also called as "ISSN structure" or "ISSN syntax") can be expressed as follows: NNNN-NNNC Here, N is in the set {0,1,2,3...,9}, a digit character, and C is in {0,1,2,3,...,9,X}

Table Setting

Autism Research Ranking and SCImago Journal Rank (SJR)

SCImago Journal Rank is an indicator, which measures the scientific influence of journals. It considers the number of citations received by a journal and the importance of the journals from where these citations come.

Autism Research Publisher

The publisher of Autism Research is John Wiley & Sons Inc. . The publishing house of this journal is located in the United States . Its coverage history is as follows: 2008-2022 .

Call For Papers (CFPs)

Please check the official website of this journal to find out the complete details and Call For Papers (CFPs).

Abbreviation

The International Organization for Standardization 4 (ISO 4) abbreviation of Autism Research is Autism Res. . ISO 4 is an international standard which defines a uniform and consistent system for the abbreviation of serial publication titles, which are published regularly. The primary use of ISO 4 is to abbreviate or shorten the names of scientific journals using the technique of List of Title Word Abbreviations (LTWA).

As ISO 4 is an international standard, the abbreviation ('Autism Res.') can be used for citing, indexing, abstraction, and referencing purposes.

How to publish in Autism Research

If your area of research or discipline is related to Genetics (clinical), Neurology (clinical), Neuroscience (miscellaneous), etc. , please check the journal's official website to understand the complete publication process.

Acceptance Rate

  • Interest/demand of researchers/scientists for publishing in a specific journal/conference.
  • The complexity of the peer review process and timeline.
  • Time taken from draft submission to final publication.
  • Number of submissions received and acceptance slots
  • And Many More.

The simplest way to find out the acceptance rate or rejection rate of a Journal/Conference is to check with the journal's/conference's editorial team through emails or through the official website.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What is the impact score of autism research.

The latest impact score of Autism Research is 4.71. It is computed in the year 2023.

What is the h-index of Autism Research?

The latest h-index of Autism Research is 85. It is evaluated in the year 2023.

What is the SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) of Autism Research?

The latest SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) of Autism Research is 1.323. It is calculated in the year 2023.

What is the ranking of Autism Research?

The latest ranking of Autism Research is 2642. This ranking is among 27955 Journals, Conferences, and Book Series. It is computed in the year 2023.

Who is the publisher of Autism Research?

Autism Research is published by John Wiley & Sons Inc.. The publication country of this journal is United States.

What is the abbreviation of Autism Research?

This standard abbreviation of Autism Research is Autism Res..

Is "Autism Research" a Journal, Conference or Book Series?

Autism Research is a journal published by John Wiley & Sons Inc..

What is the scope of Autism Research?

  • Genetics (clinical)
  • Neurology (clinical)
  • Neuroscience (miscellaneous)

For detailed scope of Autism Research, check the official website of this journal.

What is the ISSN of Autism Research?

The International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) of Autism Research is/are as follows: 19393792, 19393806.

What is the best quartile for Autism Research?

The best quartile for Autism Research is Q1.

What is the coverage history of Autism Research?

The coverage history of Autism Research is as follows 2008-2022.

Credits and Sources

  • Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR), https://www.scimagojr.com/
  • Journal Impact Factor, https://clarivate.com/
  • Issn.org, https://www.issn.org/
  • Scopus, https://www.scopus.com/
Note: The impact score shown here is equivalent to the average number of times documents published in a journal/conference in the past two years have been cited in the current year (i.e., Cites / Doc. (2 years)). It is based on Scopus data and can be a little higher or different compared to the impact factor (IF) produced by Journal Citation Report. Please refer to the Web of Science data source to check the exact journal impact factor ™ (Thomson Reuters) metric.

Impact Score, SJR, h-Index, and Other Important metrics of These Journals, Conferences, and Book Series

Journal/Conference/Book Title Type Publisher Ranking SJR h-index Impact Score

Check complete list

Autism Research Impact Score (IS) Trend

Year Impact Score (IS)
2023/2024 Updated Soon
2022 4.71
2021 4.13
2020 4.24
2019 3.85
2018 3.81
2017 3.79
2016 3.53
2015 3.58
2014 4.92

Top Journals/Conferences in Genetics (clinical)

Top journals/conferences in neurology (clinical), top journals/conferences in neuroscience (miscellaneous).

Autism Research - WoS Journal Info

Autism Research

Journal Abbreviation: AUTISM RES Journal ISSN: 1939-3792

Year Impact Factor (IF) Total Articles Total Cites
2023 (2024 update) 5.3 - -
2022 4.7 - 7268
2021 4.633 - 6859
2020 5.216 234 5700
2019 3.727 133 3611
2018 3.697 137 2941
2017 3.768 160 2439
2016 3.765 111 1825
2015 3.048 70 1549
2014 4.330 66 1209
2013 4.532 59 1002
2012 3.988 38 700
2011 3.686 41 476
2010 3.095 39 210

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Autism spectrum disorder research: knowledge mapping of progress and focus between 2011 and 2022

Miaomiao jiang.

1 National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China

Xianjing Li

Liyang zhao.

2 Translational Medicine Center of Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China

3 Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation (IBRR), South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China

Lifang Wang

Associated data.

The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/ Supplementary material , further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors.

In recent years, a large number of studies have focused on autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study used bibliometric analysis to describe the state of ASD research over the past decade and identify its trends and research fronts.

Studies on ASD published from 2011 to 2022 were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Bibliometrix, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer were used for bibliometric analysis.

A total of 57,108 studies were included in the systematic search, and articles were published in more than 6,000 journals. The number of publications increased by 181.7% (2,623 in 2011 and 7,390 in 2021). The articles in the field of genetics are widely cited in immunology, clinical research, and psychological research. Keywords co-occurrence analysis revealed that “causative mechanisms,” “clinical features,” and “intervention features” were the three main clusters of ASD research. Over the past decade, genetic variants associated with ASD have gained increasing attention, and immune dysbiosis and gut microbiota are the new development frontiers after 2015.

This study uses a bibliometric approach to visualize and quantitatively describe autism research over the last decade. Neuroscience, genetics, brain imaging studies, and gut microbiome studies improve our understanding of autism. In addition, the microbe-gut-brain axis may be an exciting research direction for ASD in the future. Therefore, through visual analysis of autism literature, this paper shows the development process, research hotspots, and cutting-edge trends in this field to provide theoretical reference for the development of autism in the future.

Introduction

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to a group of early-onset, lifelong, heterogeneous neurodevelopmental conditions with complex mechanisms of emergence ( 1 ). The prevalence of ASD has increased from 1 in 69 by 2012 to 1 in 44 by 2018, as reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for 2012–2018 ( 2 , 3 ). Recent research estimates the male-to-female ratio is closer to 2:1 or 3:1, indicating a higher diagnostic prevalence of autism in males compared to females ( 4 – 6 ). Some studies have shown a high heritability of 80–93% in ASD and reported hundreds of risk gene loci ( 7 ).

Specific autistic characteristics usually appear before the age of 3 years, and some children on the spectrum may have limited nonverbal and verbal communication by the age of 18–24 months ( 8 , 9 ). The diagnosis of ASD is based on the core features of social communication impairment and unusual and repetitive sensory-motor behavior ( 10 ). Some autistic individuals can be definitively diagnosed with autism as early as 2–3 years of age and the mean age of diagnosis for autistic children is still 4–5 years ( 1 , 11 ). It is important to stress that more adults are getting assessed for possible autism ( 5 ). As autism is increasingly diagnosed, multidisciplinary involvement can help have a positive impact on the well-being and quality of life for both children and adults on the spectrum ( 12 ). Several mental diseases also affect autistic individuals, increasing the diagnosis complexity ( 13 ).

Over the past decade, researchers have struggled to explain the neurological etiology, and great progress has been made in the genetics, epigenetics, neuropathology, and neuroimaging of ASD ( 9 ). However, there is a lack of systematic review of field research and discussion of future research hotspots. Bibliometrics ( 14 ) belongs to interdisciplinary research, which has been widely used in science by analyzing highly cited papers, field keyword clustering, and the internal cooperation links of countries, thus providing a comprehensive interpretation of the development process of autism research field ( 15 ).

In some of the previous bibliometrics studies on ASD, a single software was used to focus on a specific field or research aspect of the autism ( 16 – 18 ), and the trend in the past decade has not yet been displayed. The present study comprehensively combines Bibliometrix package, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer to (1) dynamically assess quantitative indicators of ASD research publications and use different index indicators to measure the quality of research; (2) further identify the most contributing countries, institutions, journals, and authors; (3) analyze the citation network architecture; (4) determine the top 100 most cited papers; (5) conduct keyword analysis. Subsequently, bibliometrics was used to understand the current hotspots and trends in the field of ASD research for further in-depth investigation.

Materials and methods

Data collection and search strategies.

We comprehensively searched the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database from 2011 to 2022. WoSCC is a daily updated database covering an abstract index of multidisciplinary literature that exports complete citation data, maintained by Thomson Reuters (New York, NY, USA) ( 19 ). The articles’ data were independently searched by two researchers on May 29, 2022, to avoid bias caused by database updates. The scientometric retrieval process is illustrated in Figure 1 . A total of 68,769 original articles in English language were retrieved, excluding 11,661 irrelevant articles, such as meeting abstracts, editorial materials, corrections, and letters. A total of 57,108 documents were exported, and the retrieved documents would be exported in the form of all records and references.

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Flowchart of the screening process.

Grey prediction model

Grey models (GM) are used to construct differential prediction models with limited and incomplete data ( 20 ). The GM (1,1) model, with high accuracy and convenient calculations, is extensively utilized in the energy and medical industries ( 21 ). We used the standard GM (1,1) model to forecast the annual publication volume over the next 5 years. The operation of GM (1,1) model was done by using Python software.

Bibliometric analysis and visualization

The records of the retrieved publications were exported to Bibliometrix, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer for further bibliometric analysis.

Bibliometrix package (running on R4.0.3) was utilized to capture and extract the bibliographic information on selected publications, including topic, author, keywords, and country distribution ( 22 ). The productivity of authors/journals in the field was measured by the number of publications (Np) and assessing metrics, such as the number of citations, publication h-index value, and m-index value. The h-index is used to quantify the scientific output and measure the citation impact, and two people with similar h-index may have a similar impact in the scientific field, even if the total number of papers or total citations are different ( 23 ). The m-index can be used to compare the influence of scholars with different academic career years. The number of citations of a document is a measure of its scientific impact to a certain extent ( 24 ). Bibliometrix package was also used to screen the top 100 articles and explore research trends and hotspots.

VOSviewer is a free computer program to visualize bibliometric maps ( 25 ). The keyword co-occurrence network was constructed using VOSviewer. CiteSpace is based on the Java environment and uses methods, such as co-occurrence analysis and cluster analysis, for the visualization of scientific literature research data in specific disciplines. The visual knowledge maps were constructed using the procedural steps of CiteSpace ( 26 ), including time slicing, threshold, pruning, merging, and mapping; then, the contribution of countries and institutions of ASD over the past decade was assessed based on centrality scores. The co-citation network and dual-map of references were constructed by CiteSpace. A dual-map ( 27 ) overlay is a bipartite overlay analysis method by CiteSspace, which uses the distribution map cited journals in the WoS database as the base map, and the map generated by the cited literature data as the overlay map.

Annual publications

A total of 57,108 articles were included in this study, consisting of 46,574 articles, 2,643 conference papers, and 7,891 reviews. From 2011 to 2022, the number of publications maintained a steady growth rate ( Figure 2A ), and the grey prediction model predicted the trend of increasing publication volume in the next 5 years ( Figure 2B ). The main information for all publications is shown in Supplementary Table S1 .

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Global trends in publications of ASD research. (A) Single-year publication output over the past decade. (B) Model forecast curves for publication growth trends.

Distribution of countries and institutions

Autism-related research has been conducted by researchers from a variety of countries and institutions, and articles in this field have been cited 1,231,588 times ( Tables 1 , ​ ,2). 2 ). CiteSpace visualizes collaborative networks between institutions and countries ( Figures 3A , ​ ,B). B ). As shown in the international collaborations network of autism research ( Figure 3C ), the USA and UK are the leading countries working closely with other countries.

Publications in top 10 most productive countries.

CountriesRanking based on outputOutput (%)SCP MCP Ranking based on citationsTotal citation Average article citation
USA122,615 (39.60)19,3733,2421616,32327.25
UK24,961 (8.69)3,4401,5212123,68524.93
China33,211 (5.63)2,357854640,56112.63
Australia42,659 (4.65)1870789452,33519.68
Canada52,582 (4.52)1794788360,91923.59
Italy62,317 (4.06)1,656661542,13618.19
Japan71883 (3.29)1,572311924,92713.24
Netherlands81,362 (2.38)857505735,42526.01
Germany91,246 (2.18)718528833,39526.8
France101,126 (1.97)6894371024,57921.83

Publications in top 10 most productive Institutions.

InstitutionsCountryCounts
Kings College LondonUK1,214
University of TorontoCanada1,022
Vanderbilt UniversityUSA978
University of California, DavisUSA938
University of California, Los AngelesUSA910
University of North CarolinaUSA863
University College LondonUK836
University of WashingtonUSA794
Harvard UniversityUSA776
Harvard Medical SchoolUSA775

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The distribution of countries and institutions. Map of countries (A) and institutions (B) contributed to publications related to ASD research. (C) Network diagram showing international collaborations involved in ASD research. The nodes represent the countries and institutions; the color depth and size of the circle are positively correlated to the number of posts. The thickness of the curved connecting lines represents the strength of collaboration in the countries and institutions.

Analysis of journals

The h-index combines productivity and impact; typically, a high h-index means a high recognition. As presented in Table 3 , the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, PLOS One, and Molecular Psychiatry were among the top three of the 20 journals with the highest h-index. The Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders has the highest number of articles (3478) and cited number of publications (90308). Among the top 20, four journals with impact factors >10 include Molecular Psychiatry (IF: 13.437), Biological Psychiatry (IF: 12.810), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (IF: 12.779), Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (IF: 13.113), which have been cited more than 10,000 times. In addition, 75% of journals belong to Q1 ( Table 3 ). The cited journals provided the knowledge base of the citing journals. The yellow paths illustrate that studies published in “molecular, biology, immunology” journals tended to cite journals primarily in the domains of “molecular, biology, genetics,” and “psychology, education, social.” The paths colored with grass-green paths illustrate that studies published in “medicine, medical, clinical” journals tended to cite journals primarily in the domains of “molecular, biology, and genetics.” The pale blue paths showcase that research published in “psychology, education, health” journals preferred to quote journals mostly in the domains of “molecular, biology, genetics,” “health, nursing, medicine,” and “psychology, education, social ( Figure 4 ).”

Top 20 journals ranked by h_index.

RankNameh_indexCountTCIF (2022)JCR (2022)
1Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders1103,47890,3084.345Q2
2PloS One7585627,0493.752Q2
3Molecular Psychiatry7429218,12513.437Q1
4Autism731,13027,5106.684Q1
5Pediatrics7122717,3609.703Q1
6Biological Psychiatry7022213,45712.810Q1
7Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America7019912,96012.779Q1
8Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders681,28926,4523.293Q3
9Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry6728114,9218.265Q1
10Autism Research641,15424,2934.633Q1
11Molecular Autism6157717,4706.476Q1
12Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews6022012,3969.052Q1
13Translational Psychiatry5934411,5747.989Q1
14Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry5718412,31313.113Q1
15Research in Developmental Disabilities5671114,4223.000Q1
16Journal of Neuroscience5422010,2316.709Q1
17Frontiers in Human Neuroscience472417,8423.473Q3
18Human Molecular Genetics471636,8465.121Q1
19Neuroimage471567,5087.400Q1
20Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders452596,8564.074Q2

TC: total citation; IF: impact factor.

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A dual-map overlay of journals that published work related to ASD. A presentation of citation paths at a disciplinary level on a dual-map overlay. The width of the paths is proportional to the z-score-scale citation frequency. The labels on the map represent the research subjects covered by the journals, and the wavy curve connects the citing articles on the left side of the map and the cited articles on the right side of the map.

Analysis of authors

The top 10 most effective authors who have contributed to autism research are listed in Table 4 . The g-index and m-index are derivatives of the h-index, and if scientists publish at least 10 articles, of which 7 papers have been cited cumulatively 51 (>49), the g-index is 7; the m-index is related to the academic age of the scientists. The large g-index, h-index, and m-index indicate a great influence on the scholar’s academic influence and high academic achievement. Professor Catherine Lord from the USA is ranked first and has made outstanding contributions to autism research over the past 10 years. In terms of the number of publications, Simon Baron-Cohen was the most productive author ( n  = 278), followed by Tony Charman ( n  = 212) and Christopher Gillberg ( n  = 206). In terms of citations in this field, Daniel H. Geschwind was ranked first (18,127 citations), followed by Catherine Lord (14,830 citations) and Joseph D. Buxbaum (14,528 citations).

Top 10 most effective authors contributing to autism research.

AuthorCountryh_indexg_indexm_indexTCNP
Catherine LordUSA641215.33314,830146
Simon Baron-CohenUK60109514,432278
Daniel H. GeschwindUSA581034.83318,127103
Lonnie ZwaigenbaumCanada571064.7512,246193
Tony CharmanUK55894.5839,514212
Stephen W. SchererUSA511154.2513,444136
Christopher GillbergSweden488348,193206
Joseph D. BuxbaumUSA48120414,528123
Paul LichtensteinSweden47933.9178,898132
Evan E. EichlerUSA47963.91713,39396

TC: total citation; NP: number of papers.

Analysis of reference

The co-citation analysis network of 1,056,125 references ( Figure 5A ) showed that two articles appear simultaneously in the bibliography of the third cited document. The top 20 co-cited references (over the past decade) summarized in ASD studies are listed in Supplementary Table S2 . Most of this highly cited literature focuses on the genetic field, discovering genetic risk loci and associated mutations, constructing mutation networks highly associated with autism, and identifying genes associated with autism synaptic destruction. Some studies indicated that de novo mutations in ASD might partially explain the etiology. Multiple studies have revealed genetic variants associated with ASD, such as rare copy number variants (CNVs), de novo likely gene-disrupting (LGD) mutations, missense or nonsense de novo variants, and de novo duplications. In the cluster network graph, different colors represent varied clusters, and each node represents a cited paper, displaying the distribution of topics in the field ( Figure 5B ). The network is divided into 25 co-citation clusters ( Figure 5B ), primarily related to the diagnosis, etiology, and intervention of autism. The etiological studies include five clusters, de novo mutation, inflammation, gut microbiota, mitochondrial dysfunction, and mouse model. Intervention literature focuses on early intensive behavioral intervention, intranasal oxytocin, video modeling, and multisensory integration. The diagnostic aspects of ASD include neuroimaging functional connectivity and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). In addition, some of the references focus on gender/sex differences and sleep problems. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new cluster for autism research.

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Mapping on co-cited references. (A) A network map showing the co-cited references. (B) Co-cited clusters with cluster labels.

Co-occurrence analysis of keywords

The co-occurrence analysis of keywords in ASD research articles was performed using VOSviewer software; the keywords that occurred ≥200 times were analyzed after being grouped into four clusters of different colors ( Figure 6A ); the temporal distribution of keywords is summarized in Figure 6B . This map identifies various categories of research: Etiological mechanisms (red), Clinical features (green), Intervention features (blue), and the Asperger cluster (yellow). In the “Etiological mechanisms” cluster, the research includes brain structure and function, genetics, and neuropathology. In the “Clinical features” cluster, the common keywords were “symptoms,” “diagnosis,” “prevalence,” and its comorbidities, including “anxiety” and “sleep.” In the “Intervention features” cluster, the research population of ASD is concentrated in “young children,” “intervention,” and “communication.” These interventions improve the learning and social skills through the involvement of parents and schools.

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Keywords co-occurrence network. (A) Cluster analysis of keywords. There are four clusters of keywords: red indicates Cluster 1 ( n  = 145), green indicates Cluster 2 ( n  = 104), blue indicates Cluster 3 ( n  = 78), yellow indicates Cluster 4 ( n  = 80). (B) Evolution of keyword frequency. A minimum number of occurrences of a keyword = 200. Overall, 407 keywords met the threshold criteria. The yellow keywords appear later than purple keywords.

The 100 top-cited publications

The screening of the 100 most cited publications on ASD between 2011 and 2022 by Bibliometrix software package, each with >500 citations. The detailed evaluation index information for countries, institutions, journals, and authors ( Supplementary Tables S3 – S6 ).

Taken together, the results indicated that the United States is the country that publishes the most highly cited articles ( n  = 64), including single-country publications ( n  = 37) and multiple-country publications ( n  = 27); most articles are from academic institutions within the USA ( Figures 7A , ​ ,B B ).

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Analysis of the 100 top-cited publications Characteristics of 100 top-cited publications. The most relevant countries (A) , affiliations (B) , journals (C) and authors (D) . Trend topics (E) and thematic evolution (F) of 100 top-cited publication. Coupling Map (G) : the coupled analysis of the article, references and keywords is carried out, the centrality of the x -axis is displayed, the y -axis is the impact, and the confidence (conf%) is calculated.

The 100 top-cited ASD publications were published in 48 journals; 17 articles were published in Nature ( n  = 17), making it the highest h-index journal in this list ( Supplementary Table S5 ). In addition, 10 articles were published in Cell, and 7 articles were published in Nature Genetics ( Figure 7C ). When considering the individual authors’ academic contributions, Bernie Devlin provided 13 publications, followed by Kathryn Roeder and Stephan J Sanders, with 11 publications each ( Figure 7D ). The details of the top 10 top-cited papers are summarized in Table 5 . An article titled “A general framework for estimating the relative pathogenicity of human genetic variants” published by Martin Kircher in Nature Genetics, received the highest number of citations ( n  = 3,353).

Detail of top 10 citation paper.

Article titleAuthor/Published yearJournalIF (2022)TC
A general framework for estimating the relative pathogenicity of human genetic variantsKircher et al., 2014Nature genetics41.3073,353
Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2014Baio et al., 2018Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report35.3012,104
Identification of risk loci with shared effects on five major psychiatric disorders: a genome-wide analysisSmoller et al., 2013Lancet202.7311878
Microbiota modulate behavioral and physiological abnormalities associated with neurodevelopmental disordersHsiao et al., 2013Cell66.851746
Large-scale brain networks and psychopathology: a unifying triple network modelMenon et al., 2011Trends in cognitive sciences24.4821737
Genetic relationship between five psychiatric disorders estimated from genome-wide SNPsLee et al., 2013Nature genetics41.3071,449
Synaptic, transcriptional and chromatin genes disrupted in autismDe Rubeis et al., 2014Nature69.5041,436
Sporadic autism exomes reveal a highly interconnected protein network of mutationsO’Roak et al., 2012Nature69.5041,426
Neocortical excitation/inhibition balance in information processing and social dysfunctionYizhar et al., 2011Nature69.5041,405
mutations revealed by whole-exome sequencing are strongly associated with autismSanders et al., 2012Nature69.5041,329

The 100 top-cited ASD articles encompassed a range of keywords ( Figure 7E ) and displayed the main cluster of themes through specific periods (2011–2022) by analyzing those in the selected literature. The Sankey diagrams of thematic evolution explain the topics that evolved throughout the years ( Figure 7F ). In summary, the core topics of the ASD field in 2011–2014 consisted of the risk of childhood ASD and further developed into the field of human genetic variants, such as CNV and de novo mutations. In the subperiod 2015–2020, the further expansion of studies in this field leads to new clusters, such as “immune system,” “brain development,” and “fecal microbiota.” Genome research in the upper right quadrant, including mutations and risk, is a major and evolving theme. The coupled map showing the brain-gut axis field, including intestinal microbiota and chain fatty acids, located in the lower right corner is crucial for autism research but is not yet well-developed ( Figure 7G ). The research on autism, including animal models, schizophrenia, is a well-developed field, but that on high-functioning autism and diagnosis is a marginal field.

This study used various bibliometric tools and software to analyze the published articles on ASD based on the WoSCC database from 2011 to 2022. By 2022, the annual number of publications and citations of ASD-related research showed an overall upward trend, reflecting the sustained interest and the diversity of areas.

General information

In terms of regional distribution, researchers from different countries and regions have participated in autism research, and international cooperation has been relatively close over the past decade. The scientific research is supported by several countries and institutions, as well as by large-scale international cooperation ( 28 , 29 ). The USA has the highest collaboration performance, especially with UK, Canada, Australia and China. In addition to the limitations of financial aid, ethical, cultural, and racial issues are complex constraints that should be overcome for more diversity in autism research ( 30 , 31 ). We speculated that further collaboration between institutions and countries could promote autism research.

Among the top 20 academic journals, most of the papers were in the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. The frequent publishing of ASD-related papers indicates the interest of readers and journal editors in Autism. Also, substantial studies have been carried out on ASDs, autism, and molecular autism. These journals are ascribed to the field of ASD, focusing on autism research and communication ASD science. However, the analysis of the 10 most cited publications revealed that they were published in such as Nature, Cell, Lancet; these ASD studies were all from high-impact journals.

From the perspective of authors, some of them have made outstanding contributions to global ASD research. Professor Catherine Lord, the top rank for h-index, m-index analysis conducted by the author, and who developed the two gold standards for autism diagnosis ( 32 , 33 ), are the most influencing factors in the field. ASD is a disease with complex genetic roots. Dr. Catherine Lord has conducted multiple studies using genome-wide association study (GWAS) and gene set analysis to identify variant signatures in autism ( 34 ). A recent meta-analysis showed that 74–93% of ASD risk is heritable, with an analysis of CNVs that highlights the key role of rare and de novo mutations in the etiology of ASD ( 35 ). Variation-affected gene clusters on networks associated with synaptic transmission, neuronal development, and chromatin regulation ( 36 , 37 ). The identification of the cross-disorder genetic risk factors found by assessing SNP heritability in five psychiatric disorders ( 38 ). Five of the top 10 cited papers in Table 5 focus on genetic variation, suggesting that over the past decade, research has shifted from a general concept of genetic risk to the different types of genetic variations associated with autism.

Simon Baron-Cohen of the Autism Research Center at the University of Cambridge was the most published author between 2011 and 2021. He contributed to the mind-blindness hypothesis of autism, developed the autism spectrum quotient (AQ) screening tool for autism, and focused on gender differences in autism ( 39 – 41 ). There are gender/sex differences in the volume and tissue density of brain regions, including the amygdala, hippocampus, and insula, and the heart-blind hypothesis links emotional recognition in individuals with autism to deficits in the amygdala ( 41 – 43 ). Then, Simon et al. backed up the “extreme male brain” theory of autism in a study of 36,000 autistic individuals aged 16–89 ( 44 ). Recently, an increasing number of studies from different perspectives have focused on how sex/gender differences are related to autism ( 4 , 5 , 45 ). In the future, studies of neural dimorphism in brain development in autism need to be conducted across the lifespan to reduce age-induced biases ( 41 ).

Hotspots and Frontiers

Keyword analysis was a major indicator for research trends and hotspot analysis. This study shows that keywords for autism research include etiological mechanism, clinical characteristics, and intervention characteristics. Genetic, environmental, epigenetic, brain structure, neuropathological, and immunological factors have contributed to studying its etiological mechanism ( 46 , 47 ). The studies on the abnormal cortical development in ASD have reported early brain overgrowth ( 48 ), reduced resting cerebral blood flow in the medial PFC and anterior cingulate ( 49 ), focal disruption of neuronal migration ( 50 ), and transcriptomic alterations in the cerebral cortex of autism ( 51 ). Genomics studies have identified several variants and genes that increase susceptibility to autism, affecting biological pathways related to chromatin remodeling, regulation of neuronal function, and synaptic development ( 51 – 54 ). In addition, many autism-related genes are enriched in cortical glutamatergic neurons, and mutations in the genes encoding these proteins result in neuronal excitation-inhibitory balance ( 51 , 55 ). A recent study using single-cell sequencing of the developing human cerebral cortex found strong cell-type-specific enrichment of noncoding mutations in ASD ( 56 ). Interestingly, genes interact with the environment; some studies have shown that environmental exposure during pregnancy is a risk factor for brain development ( 57 ), and there are changes in DNA methylation in the brains of ASD patients, reflecting an underlying epigenetic dysregulation.

Presently, the diagnosis of ASD is mainly based on symptoms and behaviors, but the disease has a high clinical heterogeneity, and the individual differences between patients are obvious ( 58 ). In this study, the keywords of the intervention cluster show the importance of early individualized intervention. Patient data are multidimensional, and individualized diagnoses could be made at multiple levels, such as age, gender, clinical characteristics, and genetic characteristics ( 59 ). Early individual genetic diagnosis aids clinical evaluation, ranging from chromosomal microarray (CMA) to fragile X genetic testing ( 60 ). However, the results of genetic research cannot guide the treatment. Notably, the treatment of autism is dominated by educational practices and behavioral interventions ( 61 ). Medication may address other co-occurring conditions, such as sleep disturbances, epilepsy, and gastrointestinal dysfunction ( 9 ). Professor Catherine Lord pointed out that the future of autism requires coordinated, large-scale research to develop affordable, individualized, staged assessments and interventions for people with ASD ( 62 ). Professor Baron-Cohen noted that increasing the sample size and collecting data from the same individual multiple times could reduce heterogeneity ( 58 ). In addition, screening for objective and valid biomarkers in the future would help to stratify diagnosis and reduce heterogeneity.

According to the keyword trend analysis of 100 highly cited documents, the genetic risk of autism was determined as the hot focus of research, and immune dysregulation and gut microbiome are the new development frontiers after 2015. Patients with ASD have altered immune function, microglia activation was observed in postmortem brain samples, and increased production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines was observed in cerebrospinal fluid. The microglia are involved in synaptic pruning, and cytokines also affect neuronal migration and axonal projections ( 63 – 65 ). In addition, abnormal peripheral immune responses during pregnancy might affect the developing brain, increasing likelihood of autism ( 66 ). Several studies have pointed to abnormalities in immune-related genes in the brain and peripheral blood of autistic patients ( 51 , 67 , 68 ). Immune dysfunction is involved in the etiology of ASD and mediates the accompanying symptoms of autism. The patients have multiple immune-related diseases, asthma, allergic rhinitis, Crohn’s disease, and gastrointestinal dysfunction ( 69 – 71 ). Children with frequent gastrointestinal symptoms, such as abdominal pain, gas, constipation, or diarrhea, had pronounced social withdrawal and stereotyped behavior ( 70 – 72 ). Several studies suggested that these autism-related gastrointestinal problems might be related to intestinal microbiota composition ( 72 – 74 ). Accumulating evidence suggested that the microbiota-gut-brain axis influences human neurodevelopment, a complex system involving immune, metabolic, and vagal pathways in which bacterial metabolites directly affect the brain by disrupting the gut and blood–brain barrier ( 75 – 78 ). Fecal samples from children with autism contained high Clostridium species and low Bifidobacterium species ( 79 , 80 ). Probiotics can modulate gut microbiota structure and increase the relative abundance of Bifidobacteria , and clinical studies have shown that supplementation with probiotic strains improves attention problems in children with autism ( 81 , 82 ). Recent clinical trials have shown that microbiota transfer therapy improves gastrointestinal symptoms and autism-like behaviors in children with ASD ( 83 , 84 ).

This scientometric study comprehensively analyzes about a decade of global autism research. Research in the field of autism is increasing, with the United States making outstanding contributions, while neuroscience, genetics, brain imaging studies, or studies of the gut microbiome deepen our understanding of the disorder. The study of the brain-gut axis elucidates the mechanism of immunology in autism, and immunological research may be in the renaissance. The current data serve as a valuable resource for studying ASD. However, the future of autism needs further development. In the future, relevant research should be included for a complete representation of the entire autism population, and further collaboration between individuals, institutions, and countries is expected to accelerate the development of autism research.

Data availability statement

Author contributions.

MJ, DZ, JL, and LW conceived and designed the study. MJ, TL, XL, KY, and LZ contributed to data collection and data analysis. MJ wrote the original manuscript. DZ, JL, and LW revised the article and contributed to the final version of the manuscript. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.

This work was supported by grants from the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (2019B030335001) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 82171537, 81971283, 82071541, and 81730037).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Publisher’s note

All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Supplementary material

The Supplementary material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1096769/full#supplementary-material

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autism research journal impact factor

  • Ashley Kniola 1 ,
  • Natasha N Ludwig 1 , 2 ,
  • Vini Singh 3 ,
  • Catherine Bradley 4 ,
  • Laura Carpenter 4 ,
  • Emily F Dillon 5 ,
  • Stephen Kanne 6 ,
  • So Hyun Kim 7 ,
  • Julia Parish-Morris 8 , 9 ,
  • LeeAnne Green Snyder 10 ,
  • The SPARK Consortium &
  • Ericka L Wodka 1 , 3  

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Examine how milestone development, demographics, and emotional/behavioral functioning predict autistic females meeting the cutoff on a commonly used Autism screening tool (Social Communication Questionnaire: SCQ). We hypothesized that autistic girls with fewer developmental delays, whose parents have lower education, or are Black or Multiracial would be less likely to meet the SCQ cutoff. Further, those with more symptoms of Withdrawal/Depression, Social Problems, Thought Problems, and Attention Problems on the (Child Behavioral Checklist: CBCL) would be more likely to screen positive. A subset of participants enrolled in a large national cohort (SPARK) were included (5,946 autistic females). A cutoff score on the SCQ of 11 was used to form groups: Meet (M: N  = 5,186) and Not Meeting (NM: N  = 760). Autistic girls who had delayed toileting and motor milestones and whose parents attained higher education were more likely to screen positive. Girls who scored within the clinical range on the CBCL Thought Problems and Attention Problems syndrome scales were more likely to screen positive. Race and reported symptoms on the Withdrawn/Depressed and Social Problems syndrome scales did not relate to screening status. Results further support the existing literature suggesting that autistic girls must present with more significant delays/symptoms to be screened and diagnosed with autism, which can could impact their access to early intervention services and future skill development. Future research should examine additional factors that specifically put females at a disadvantage for being accurately identified, particularly for those who are speaking and/or of average cognitive ability.

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the families who participated in SPARK and the aid and support of the Simon’s Foundation. Funding for the Senior Author: SPARK: Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research for Knowledge, Simons Foundation (SPARK #534041, ELW). We have no other contributors to mention here.

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Ashley Kniola, Natasha N Ludwig & Ericka L Wodka

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Natasha N Ludwig

Center for Autism Services, Science and Innovation, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA

Vini Singh & Ericka L Wodka

Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA

Catherine Bradley & Laura Carpenter

Department of Life Sciences, Carroll University, Waukesha, USA

Emily F Dillon

Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA

Stephen Kanne

School of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea

So Hyun Kim

Center for Autism Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Julia Parish-Morris

Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

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Kniola, A., Ludwig, N.N., Singh, V. et al. Delayed Milestones and Demographic Factors Relate to the Accuracy of Autism Screening in Females Using Spoken Language. J Autism Dev Disord (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-024-06579-w

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    Autism Research Impact Factor, IF, number of article, detailed information and journal factor. ISSN: 1939-3792. ... Journal Impact. Enter journal title, issn or abbr in this box to search. Autism Research. Journal Abbreviation: AUTISM RES Journal ISSN: 1939-3792. Year: Impact Factor (IF) Total Articles: Total Cites: 2023 (2024 update) 5.3--2022 ...

  13. Autism: Sage Journals

    Autism is a major, peer-reviewed, international journal, published 8 times a year, publishing research of direct and practical relevance to help improve the quality of life for individuals with autism or autism-related disorders. It is interdisciplinary in nature, focusing on research in many areas, including: intervention; diagnosis; training; education; translational issues related to ...

  14. Autism

    Autism has been associated with increased mortality risk among adult populations, but little is known about the mortality risk among children and young people (0-24 years). We used a 15-year nationwide birth cohort study using linked health and non-health ... Open AccessResearch articleFirst published February 4, 2024pp. 2244-2253.

  15. Autism Research Latest Journal's Impact IF 2023-2024

    Autism Research 2023-2024 Journal's Impact IF is 4.633. Check Out IF Ranking, Prediction, Trend & Key Factor Analysis. Journal Search Engine. Share About. Abbreviation Hot. Journal Scope New. Key Factors. ... Autism Research Key Factor Analysis. ISSN (Online) 1939-3806 Key Factor Analysis

  16. 'We have so much to offer': Community members' perspectives on autism

    Autism research is on the cusp of significant change. There are mounting calls from Autistic self-advocates, researchers, and other scientists for a paradigm shift in autism research. ... Impact Factor: 5.2 / 5-Year Impact Factor: 6.3 . Journal Homepage. Submit Paper. Close ... Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48, 473-484 ...

  17. Home

    Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders is a leading scholarly publication that focuses on all aspects of autism spectrum disorders and related developmental disabilities. ... Accepts theoretical and applied research, review articles, and brief reports. ... 5-year Journal Impact Factor 4.2 (2023) Submission to first decision (median) 15 ...

  18. Autism in Adulthood

    Journal Impact Factor: 9.9* *2023 Journal Citation Reports™ (Clarivate, 2024) CiteScore™: 10.0. Autism in Adulthood is the home for research and scholarship on the most pressing issues affecting adults on the autism spectrum, from emerging adulthood to later life.

  19. Overview

    Aims and Scope. Autism Research covers research relevant to ASD and closely related neurodevelopmental disorders. The journal focuses on genetic, neurobiological, immunological, epidemiological and psychological mechanisms and how these influence developmental processes in ASD. The journal encourages the submission of original research papers ...

  20. Autism spectrum disorder research: knowledge mapping of progress and

    Among the top 20, four journals with impact factors >10 include Molecular Psychiatry (IF: 13.437), Biological Psychiatry (IF: 12.810), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (IF: 12.779), Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (IF: 13.113), which have been cited more than ...

  21. Home

    Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders provides critical reviews of topics spanning the broad range of research disciplines exploring autism ... Skip to main content. ... Journal Impact Factor 2.9 (2023) 5-year Journal Impact Factor 3.9 (2023) Submission to first decision (median) 22 days. Downloads 541,195 (2023) Latest issue

  22. Home page

    In partnership with Research Square, Molecular Autism is now offering In Review. Authors choosing this free optional service will be able to: ... Citation Impact 2023 Journal Impact Factor: 6.3 5-year Journal Impact Factor: 6.5 Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP): 1.687 SCImago Journal Rank (SJR): 1.989.

  23. Delayed Milestones and Demographic Factors Relate to the ...

    Examine how milestone development, demographics, and emotional/behavioral functioning predict autistic females meeting the cutoff on a commonly used Autism screening tool (Social Communication Questionnaire: SCQ). We hypothesized that autistic girls with fewer developmental delays, whose parents have lower education, or are Black or Multiracial would be less likely to meet the SCQ cutoff ...

  24. Aims and Scope: Autism: Sage Journals

    Aims and scope. Autism is a highly-regarded, peer-reviewed, international journal, published 8 times a year, featuring research of direct and practical relevance to help improve the quality of life of autistic individuals and those with closely-related diagnoses. This may sometimes include work focused on the families and allies of autistic ...

  25. Autism Latest Journal's Impact IF 2023-2024

    Autism 2023-2024 Journal's Impact IF is 6.684. Check Out IF Ranking, Prediction, Trend & Key Factor Analysis. ... Autism is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on autism. It is published eight times a year by Sage Publications in association with the National Autistic Society and was established in 1997. ... Autism Key Factor ...