average phd time in usa

PhD in USA – A Guide for 2024/25
Finding a PhD

A PhD in USA takes approximately 5 – 6 years of full-time study and can cost between $12,000 – $45,000 per academic year. PhD programs in USA differ from that in the UK and Europe in that students must first take taught classes, coursework and exams before starting their research project.

Why Do a PhD in USA?

The United States has long had some of the most distinguished universities and advanced PhD programmes in the world. Combined with curriculum flexibility, rigorous teaching methods, vast funding opportunities, breathtaking campuses and significant career prospects, it’s no wonder that it is one of the most sought-after study destinations for research students.

In addition to comprehensive training standards, here are a few other reasons why a student may choose to undertake their PhD in the United States:

Longer learning timeframes – A PhD in the US lasts longer than a PhD in the UK or Europe. This allows students to more confidently transition from undergraduate to postgraduate studies; more commonly referred to as ‘graduate studies’ in the US. This gives you the opportunity to learn more about your subject, research methods and academic writing in general before starting your research project.
World-class universities – It’s no secret that some of the most well-known higher education institutions that continue to dominate global rankings are based in the United States. Although many factors go into determining whether a position is right for you, a PhD at a high-ranking American university will undeniably have many benefits, from excellent learning standards to access to innovative equipment and deep expertise.
International network – The US has long been a popular choice among PhD students around the world. As such, the US hosts a diverse and multicultural learning environment in which many research students will quickly feel at home.
Opportunities – With over 4,000 universities in the US, we can safely say you will have plenty of opportunities to find the ideal combination of project, supervisor and university that works for you.

Universities in USA

Universities in the United States can be divided into two types: public universities and private universities.

Public universities are financed by the state in which they are based. Because of this, public universities charge less for students from within the state and more for students from outside the state, including international students.

Private universities are not financed by their state, but by private donors, research funds and tuition fees. For this reason, private universities generally charge higher tuition fees than public universities and require all students to pay the same amount, regardless of whether they come from out-of-state or abroad.

According to the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2024 , eight of the top ten universities in the world are located in the United States. These are:



1	UK	University of Oxford
2	USA	Stanford University
3	USA	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4	USA	Harvard University
5	UK	University of Cambridge
6	USA	Princeton University
7	USA	California Institute of Technology
8	UK	Imperial College London
9	USA	University of California, Berkeley
10	USA	Yale University

Method of Study

The main difference between a PhD in the US and a PhD in Europe lies in the program structure. Whereas a European PhD essentially consists of a single phase lasting three to four years , an American PhD consists of three different phases, each with its own time frame.

Phase One – The first phase lasts approximately two years and focuses on building a basic foundation for the doctoral student. This phase consists largely of taught components such as lectures, tutorials and laboratory sessions, in which the student learns more about theoretical concepts and research methods within their discipline.
Phase Two – The second phase can be considered an assessment phase, which runs both periodically alongside and at the end of the first phase. Here, students complete coursework and take exams on the basis of the material they have covered of which they must pass in order to proceed to the third phase.
Phase Three – The third phase lasts approximately three years and resembles the European PhD structure. During this period, the student undertakes an independent research project, including forming a research design, conducting experiments, writing a thesis (more commonly referred to in the USA as a dissertation) and sitting a viva exam.

Teaching Requirements

Besides structure, a key difference between a PhD program in the US and in Europe is the focus on teaching requirements. In the US, doctoral students are expected to lecture, lead tutorials, host laboratory sessions, mark coursework and provide office hours for undergraduate students. Although students studying in European will likely contribute to these at some point during their study, this would normally be on a voluntary basis and involve less time commitment.

Research Flexibility

Another difference is project flexibility. In Europe, students typically apply to a PhD project predetermined by a supervisor, and although there may be some scope to adapt the project, depending on the funding provider , it will usually be limited to how the project is carried out rather than what it is about. In the US, however, a student applies to become a doctoral candidate within a department rather than applying for a particular research project. This is because students are expected to decide on their thesis topic (also commonly referred to as a dissertation research topic) near the end of their first phase after they have developed a better understanding of their subject and know where their interests lie. Therefore, research students in the US generally have more flexibility and influence in the direction of their research than students in the United Kingdom or Europe.

PhD Admission Requirements in USA

PhD admission into US universities can be highly competitive, both because of the limited number of positions and the large number of annual applicants.

The eligibility requirements for a doctoral program in the USA can generally be divided into four sections:

Grade Point Average ( GPA ) – in the US, a scoring system known as Grade Point Average is used to measure academic ability. A student’s GPA is calculated as a weighted score of the subjects they study during their undergraduate degree; an equivalent score is calculated by universities for international applicants. Although universities rarely set minimum GPA requirements for doctoral study, it’s worth being aware that a GPA of 3.0 is equivalent to a UK second class honours (2:1); the typical entry requirement for UK universities.
Graduate Records Exam (GRE) – most universities will require you to take a series of examinations known as Graduate Records Exams, which are used to determine your suitability for graduate study. GREs will assess your analytical, reasoning and critical thinking skills as well as your depth of your subject.
Student aptitude – in addition to academic ability, US universities also look for characteristics of a strong researcher. These include traits such as engaging in the subject in your own time, e.g. by attending talks and conferences, demonstrating a high degree of independence and enthusiasm, and a general passion for your subject.
English Language Proficiency – international students whose first language is not English must sit language exams such as IELTS or TOELF to demonstrate their English language proficiency.

International students will also require a F1 student visa in order to study in the US, however, you would typically apply for this after you have secured a place into a doctorate program.

How to Apply for PhD in USA

When applying for a PhD position at a graduate school, the application process will differ between universities, however, they will all typically ask for the following:

Academic CV – a short document summarising your educational background and current level of experience .
Personal statement – a document which outlines why you believe you are suitable for PhD study and your passion for the subject.
Academic transcripts – a complete breakdown of the modules and their respective marks you have taken as part of your previous/current degree.
GRE scores – a transcript of your Graduate Records Exam results.
Research statement – a condensed version of a research proposal outlining your general research interests, if required.
Recommendation letters – references from several academic referees who endorse your qualities as a person, your abilities as a student and your potential as a doctoral researcher.

Application Deadlines and Fees

Since PhD programs in the United States have taught components, they commence at the same time as all other taught degrees, and therefore share the same application deadlines and start dates. This corresponds to an application period that typically begins in August and ends in February. Admission decisions are typically made in April, with successful students starting in August/September.

When you apply to a graduate school, you will be expected to pay a fee for each doctorate application to cover the school’s administrative costs for processing your application. The fee varies from university to university, but typically ranges from $50 to $100 .

Funding your PhD in USA

It’s very common for a PhD student to receive financial aid in the form of a PhD scholarship; in fact, this will be the case for the vast majority of students in the US.

PhD funding can be ‘fully funded’ covering the student’s graduate program tuition fees, accommodation and living costs, or ‘partially funded’ covering the student’s tuition fee only in part or full.

Besides funding, a graduate student can take on an assistantship, such as a graduate teaching assistant or research assistant, in which they take on a part-time salaried position at the university alongside their studies.

Due to the international and collaborate nature of American universities, there are also a number of international scholarships available, such as the Fulbright Scholarship and the AAUW International Fellowship .

PhD Duration in USA

In the US, a PhD takes approximately 5 – 6 years to complete if studying full-time, and 8 – 10 years if studying part-time.

If you already have a Master’s degree, your first phase can be shortened by one year at the discretion of the university.

Cost of a PhD in USA

The cost of a PhD program in the US can vary considerably depending on the type of university, i.e. whether it’s a public or private university, the doctoral course, i.e. whether it’s in a STEM subject such as computer science, engineering or a non-STEM subject, and whether you are a home or international student.

In general, however, the typical annual tuition fee for a PhD in the US is between $12,000 and $45,000 per academic year.

As with any doctoral degree, additional costs may include travel for collaborations, bench fees, accommodation and living expenses.

Browse PhDs Now

Join thousands of students.

Join thousands of other students and stay up to date with the latest PhD programmes, funding opportunities and advice.

/images/cornell/logo35pt_cornell_white.svg" alt="average phd time in usa"> Cornell University --> Graduate School

Doctoral program statistics.

Use this page to explore summary statistics for research doctoral programs administered by the Graduate School. Methodology and definitions are provided at the bottom of the page.

For additional graduate statistics, survey results, and career outcomes data, see program metrics .

Methodology and Definitions

Admissions counts.

Applied, admitted and matriculated counts are reported for new, external applications only. Current students who transfer into a different graduate program at Cornell without submitting a new application are not counted here.

Individuals may defer enrollment and/or be admitted to a program that differs from the one to which they originally applied. This can cause admitted and matriculated counts to be higher than application counts in some fields.

Admission cycles start in the summer and continue through the following spring. For example, the 2020-21 admissions year includes data from summer 2020 through spring 2021. Because these dashboards are updated annually in the fall, the most recent year will not include data from the spring.

Average Admit Rate

Admit rate is the percentage of applicants who were admitted. Highly selective programs tend to have low admit rates. The five year average provides a good indicator of typical admit rates.

Enrollment numbers are derived from the student enrollment snapshot that is captured the sixth week of each fall term. Only students who are enrolled on the census date are counted. Students on an approved leave of absence are not included.

Average Completion Rate

Completion rate is the percentage of entering doctoral students who successfully completed the degree. Completion rates are reported by entering cohort, which is defined by the first term in which a student is enrolled in their doctoral program, regardless of any prior enrollment in a master’s program. The cohorts included here entered their programs seven to twelve years ago, and thus have had adequate time to finish a doctoral degree.

Status of Students in Each Recent Entering Cohort

This graph shows the current status of students who began the doctoral program in each of the last ten academic years. Students listed as completed have received the doctoral degree. Students are considered current in their program if they are still actively pursuing the doctoral degree or are on an approved temporary leave of absence. Students listed as discontinued have either left the university without a degree or switched to a different type of degree program (in many cases a master’s degree).

Time to Degree (TTD)

Time-to-degree degree measures the time in years from the first day of a student’s initial enrollment in their doctoral program to the day of their degree conferral. Time-to-degree measures elapsed time only, not enrolled time. It does not stop and start if a student takes a leave of absence. For Master’s/PhD students, time-to-degree starts when they begin the PhD phase of their studies. If a student was enrolled in a master’s program prior to matriculating in the doctoral program, the separate time in the master’s program is not included. Because of this, time-to-degree may appear shorter in some doctoral programs where it is common to complete a master’s prior to matriculation in the doctoral program.

The median time to degree can be thought of as the “mid-point”, where half of the students completed in a time period that is less than or equal to this value. The median is not affected by extreme values or outliers.

Research Voyage

Research Tips and Infromation

How Long Does It Take to Get a PhD?

Earning a Ph.D. is a remarkable academic achievement, often seen as the pinnacle of one’s educational journey. It’s a pursuit that demands unwavering dedication, intellectual prowess, and an unshakable commitment to research. Yet, when setting out on this academic odyssey, prospective doctoral students often find themselves grappling with a common question: How long will it take to reach the coveted destination of a PhD?

In the world of academia, where timeframes can be as diverse as the subjects studied, there’s no one-size-fits-all answer. The duration of a PhD program can be influenced by a multitude of factors, ranging from the chosen field of study to the country in which one embarks on this intellectual voyage.

In this blog post, we’ll explore the intricate web of considerations that determine the timeline of a Ph.D. We’ll delve into the typical duration, international variations, the stages of the Ph.D. journey, and even the strategies that can expedite or prolong this academic quest.

Through real-life experiences and insights, we aim to provide you with a comprehensive understanding of the fascinating, challenging, and often unpredictable timeline associated with pursuing a PhD.

So, if you’ve ever wondered about the time commitment required for a PhD, join us on this educational voyage as we uncover the secrets of this academic adventure and navigate the complex terrain of doctoral studies.

Introduction

Factors influencing phd duration, typical duration of phd, phd duration: variations by country, stages of a phd program, shortening the phd timeline, lengthening the timeline of phd.

A PhD, or Doctor of Philosophy, is the highest academic degree one can attain. It represents expertise in a specific field and often involves original research contributing to the world’s knowledge. However, this academic feat isn’t for the faint of heart. To embark on this journey, you should be aware of the formidable challenges it presents, and one of the most fundamental questions is, “How long will it take?” In the introduction, you can touch upon the idea of academic ambition, the pursuit of knowledge, and the unique challenges that come with obtaining a Ph.D.

It’s essential to emphasize why understanding the time commitment is crucial. Pursuing a Ph.D. isn’t just an intellectual endeavor; it’s also a significant personal and professional commitment. It can impact one’s life, career, and even mental and emotional well-being. You can mention that by knowing what you’re getting into time-wise, you can make informed decisions about your academic and career goals. For instance, if you’re aware that a Ph.D. typically takes several years, you can plan your life accordingly, set expectations, and ensure you have the necessary resources and support in place.

Imagine standing at the crossroads of ambition and dedication. You’re passionate about a particular field, and the thought of making a meaningful contribution to it excites you. You dream of becoming a respected expert, perhaps even shaping the future of your discipline. This ambition has led you to consider pursuing a PhD, a journey that represents the highest echelon of academic achievement.

But before you dive into the world of research, scholarly papers, and intellectual debates, there’s a critical question that looms large—how long will it take to earn that coveted Doctor of Philosophy degree? The answer isn’t as straightforward as one might hope. It’s a complex equation, influenced by various factors, and it’s a puzzle that many aspiring doctoral students grapple with.

Understanding the time commitment of a PhD is not merely a matter of academic curiosity. It’s a pivotal factor that can shape your life’s trajectory in significant ways. This introduction explores the intricacies of a PhD journey, from the initial spark of academic passion to the profound understanding of what it takes, in terms of time, to turn that passion into a doctoral reality.

Earning a PhD is a highly individualized journey, and its duration can vary significantly from person to person. This section will delve into the myriad factors that play a role in determining the length of a PhD program. It’s important to understand that the timeline is not a fixed number of years but is influenced by various variables. Here are some key factors:

Field of Study: The nature of your research area has a significant impact. Some fields, such as the natural sciences or engineering, might require extensive laboratory work and data collection, which can lengthen the Ph.D. process. In contrast, fields like humanities or social sciences might involve less time-intensive data collection but demand extensive writing and analysis.
Country: The country in which you pursue your PhD can greatly affect the duration. Different countries have different academic systems and expectations. For example, in the United States, it’s common for PhD programs to last longer compared to some European countries where they tend to be shorter and more structured.
Research Focus: The specific focus of your research project can influence the time required. If your research involves cutting-edge, complex topics, it might take longer to gather and analyze data or develop new methodologies. On the other hand, a well-defined and less ambitious research question could lead to a quicker completion.

Let’s take a closer look at the intricate web of factors that influence the duration of a PhD program. Imagine two students, both embarking on their journeys to earn a PhD, but in different fields.

Student A is pursuing a PhD in physics. This field often involves conducting elaborate experiments, gathering extensive data, and fine-tuning intricate instruments. The pursuit of new discoveries in the realm of physics can be time-consuming, and the PhD program might extend to several years to complete all the necessary research.

Student B, on the other hand, is studying literature and cultural studies. Their research involves in-depth analysis of existing texts, interpretations, and critical theories. While the reading and writing process is extensive, it may not require as many years as Student A’s experimental work.

Now, consider these students in the context of the country in which they are pursuing their PhD Student A is in the United States, where doctoral programs typically span several years. Meanwhile, Student B is in a European country known for its structured and shorter Ph.D. programs.

Lastly, let’s factor in research focus. Student A’s project is ambitious, attempting to uncover the mysteries of the universe, which can be a time-intensive endeavor. In contrast, Student B’s research question is more narrowly defined, making the path to completion relatively shorter.

These examples illustrate how the combination of field of study, country, and research focus can significantly influence the duration of a PhD program.

Understanding the average duration of a PhD program can help prospective students set realistic expectations. This section will provide an overview of the typical timeframes for completing a PhD.

Average Duration: On a global scale, a PhD program often spans between 5 to 7 years. This period includes coursework, research, and the writing and defense of a dissertation. However, it’s important to note that this duration can vary significantly. In the United States , for instance, it’s common for PhD programs to take longer, often 5 to 7 years or even more, due to the inclusion of coursework and comprehensive exams. In contrast, in some European countries, PhD programs are designed to be shorter, typically around 3 to 4 years, as they are research-focused with less emphasis on coursework.
Variations by Field: The average duration can also differ based on the field of study. Fields requiring extensive data collection, such as the natural sciences or engineering, might take longer, while fields like humanities or social sciences with more writing and analysis may have shorter timeframes.

When it comes to the average duration of a PhD program, the common adage ‘it’s a marathon, not a sprint’ certainly applies. The typical journey to a PhD is a long and demanding one, taking aspiring scholars through a series of rigorous academic challenges.

Globally, a PhD program often spans between 5 to 7 years. This period includes the initial coursework phase, where students delve deep into the theoretical foundations of their field. This is followed by a substantial research phase, during which they gather data, conduct experiments, or engage in extensive fieldwork. Finally, the culmination of this journey is the completion and defense of a dissertation, a written document that contributes new knowledge to their field.

However, it’s crucial to remember that these timeframes are general averages and can vary significantly based on various factors. In the United States, for example, it’s quite common for PhD programs to extend to the longer end of the spectrum, taking 5 to 7 years or even more to complete. This is because American PhD programs often include a significant coursework component and comprehensive exams before the dissertation phase begins.

On the other hand, in some European countries, PhD programs are designed to be more streamlined and research-focused. They typically take around 3 to 4 years to complete, reflecting a shorter timeframe. This structure is influenced by the belief that students entering PhD programs are already well-prepared in their chosen field, and the primary focus is on conducting independent research.

Additionally, the duration can also vary based on the specific field of study. Fields that require extensive data collection or experimental work, such as the natural sciences or engineering, tend to have longer PhD programs. In contrast, fields like humanities or social sciences, where research involves more reading, writing, and analysis, may have shorter timeframes.

Keep in mind that these are general guidelines, and individual PhD experiences can deviate from the average.

Ph.D. program durations can vary significantly between countries due to differences in educational systems and academic traditions. This section will explore how and why PhD programs’ lengths differ by country.

United States: In the United States, PhD programs are known for their comprehensive structure. They often include a combination of coursework, comprehensive exams, and dissertation research. This makes them typically longer, often spanning 5 to 7 years or more.
European Countries: In many European countries, PhD programs are more streamlined and research-focused. They tend to be shorter, typically around 3 to 4 years. European programs often assume that students have a strong foundation in their field when they enter the Ph.D. phase.
Other Countries: The duration of PhD programs can also vary in other parts of the world. For instance, in some Asian countries, the length of a PhD program can be influenced by the nature of the research and the institution’s specific requirements.

When contemplating the pursuit of a Ph.D., it’s important to recognize that the path you tread can be markedly different depending on the country in which you choose to study. The world’s countries have diverse academic systems and traditions, and these intricacies play a significant role in shaping the duration of PhD programs.

Consider the United States, a country renowned for its rigorous academic programs. Here, PhD programs are known for their comprehensive nature. Students often undergo a period of intensive coursework, followed by comprehensive exams to assess their knowledge. This is in addition to the research phase, which involves conducting experiments, gathering data, or delving deep into the chosen area of study. As a result, PhD programs in the United States are often among the longer ones, frequently taking 5 to 7 years or even more to complete.

In contrast, many European countries have adopted a more streamlined approach to PhD programs. These programs tend to be research-focused from the outset, with the assumption that students entering PhD programs already possess a strong foundation in their chosen field. The result is a shorter program, typically spanning around 3 to 4 years. In countries like the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Denmark, students can transition directly into their research, which contributes to the shorter duration.

Outside of the United States and Europe, PhD program lengths can vary significantly depending on the country’s educational system and specific institutional requirements. For instance, in certain Asian countries, PhD programs might also be research-intensive and shorter in duration, or they might extend to accommodate the complexity of the research involved.

It’s important to understand these country-specific variations when considering a PhD program, as they can have a profound impact on the length of your academic journey.

A Ph.D. program is not a single, continuous journey but is typically divided into distinct stages. This section will provide an overview of the common stages of a PhD program, which include coursework, research, and dissertation writing.

Coursework: The journey usually starts with a coursework phase, where students dive deep into the theoretical foundations of their field. During this stage, students take classes and seminars to build a strong academic foundation. The duration of this stage varies by country and field but generally lasts from 1 to 2 years.
Comprehensive Exams: In some countries, notably the United States, students are required to pass comprehensive exams to demonstrate their mastery of their field. This stage can add a few months to a couple of years to the timeline.
Research Phase: After coursework and exams, students transition into the research phase, which is the heart of a Ph.D. program. This phase involves conducting original research, experiments, fieldwork, or in-depth analysis, depending on the field of study. It can last several years, usually 3 to 5 years or more, depending on the complexity of the research and the progress made.
Dissertation Writing: The final stage involves writing the PhD dissertation, a comprehensive document that presents the research findings and contributes to the academic field. The duration of this stage varies but often takes at least a year.

A PhD program is akin to an academic epic, with distinct stages that collectively make up the hero’s journey. As an aspiring doctoral candidate, it’s essential to understand the key stages you’ll encounter along the way.

The odyssey begins with coursework. During this initial stage, students embark on a voyage into the theoretical underpinnings of their chosen field. They attend classes, seminars, and lectures to deepen their understanding. This coursework phase, which can last anywhere from 1 to 2 years, serves as the foundation upon which the rest of the journey is built.

In some countries, particularly the United States, there’s another formidable challenge—comprehensive exams. These exams test the student’s mastery of the field’s core concepts and are often required before moving on to the next stage. Comprehensive exams can extend the journey by several months to a couple of years.

The heart of the PhD journey lies in the research phase. This is where students immerse themselves in original research, which could entail conducting experiments, gathering data, or engaging in extensive fieldwork, depending on their field of study. The duration of this stage is the most variable, spanning approximately 3 to 5 years or even longer, depending on the complexity of the research and the progress made.

Lastly, the culmination of the PhD adventure is the dissertation writing stage. Here, students craft a comprehensive document that presents their research findings, methodology, and contributions to the academic field. This final stage can vary in length but often takes at least a year to complete.

These stages collectively shape the journey towards a PhD, and understanding them is vital for anyone embarking on this academic odyssey.

While earning a Ph.D. is a significant commitment, there are strategies to expedite the process. This section will discuss strategies and approaches that can help shorten the timeline of your PhD journey .

Efficient Time Management: Effective time management is essential for expediting a PhD program. Planning and prioritizing tasks, setting clear goals, and maintaining a structured schedule can help students make the most of their research and coursework, reducing the time spent on unnecessary or unproductive activities.
Choosing the Right Advisor: The relationship between a Ph.D. student and their advisor can significantly impact the program’s duration. A supportive and experienced advisor can guide the student effectively, provide valuable insights, and help them navigate research challenges more efficiently. A strong advisor-student relationship can lead to better research progress and a quicker completion.
Prior Research Experience: Entering a PhD program with prior research experience can be a significant advantage. If you’ve already conducted research related to your PhD topic during a master’s program or as an undergraduate, you may be able to accelerate your research and data collection, potentially shortening the overall timeline.

When it comes to earning a PhD, the duration can be an intimidating factor. However, it’s important to remember that there are strategies that can help expedite the journey. Let’s explore some of these approaches:

One of the most fundamental strategies is efficient time management. Effective planning, prioritization, and maintaining a structured schedule can make a world of difference. By setting clear goals and staying organized, students can optimize their time and reduce the risk of distractions or time wasted on non-essential activities. This approach ensures that every moment spent on research or coursework is meaningful and productive.

Another pivotal factor is the choice of an advisor. The advisor-student relationship plays a crucial role in a Ph.D. program. A supportive, experienced, and engaged advisor can guide a student through the research process more effectively. They can offer valuable insights, help troubleshoot research challenges, and provide a sense of direction. With the right advisor, students often find themselves making more efficient progress and thus shortening the overall timeline of their PhD journey.

For those entering a PhD program with prior research experience, there’s an advantage. If you’ve already dabbled in research during your master’s program or as an undergraduate, you’re poised for a quicker start. The knowledge, skills, and methodologies you’ve acquired can significantly expedite your research and data collection, potentially helping you complete your PhD in less time.

These strategies, when applied thoughtfully, can make the road to a PhD a bit smoother and shorter, ultimately allowing students to achieve their academic goals more efficiently.

While shortening the Ph.D. journey is a common goal, there are situations that can unexpectedly lengthen the timeline. This section will discuss various reasons a Ph.D. might take longer than expected, including research challenges and personal circumstances.

Complex Research Challenges: Research is at the core of a Ph.D., and sometimes, research challenges can extend the timeline. For instance, unexpected technical issues, data collection difficulties, or unanticipated roadblocks in the research process can delay progress. Dealing with these complexities often requires additional time and problem-solving efforts.
Scope of the Project: Sometimes, students may underestimate the scope of their research project. If the research topic turns out to be more extensive or multifaceted than initially anticipated, it can lead to a longer journey. Expanding the research scope can also be driven by a desire to make a more substantial contribution to the field.
Personal Circumstances: Personal circumstances can also play a significant role in lengthening the timeline. Life events, such as family responsibilities, health issues, or other personal challenges, can disrupt the academic trajectory and extend the Ph.D. program.

While aspiring doctoral candidates often set out with the goal of completing their PhD as efficiently as possible, it’s important to acknowledge that unexpected factors can sometimes extend the journey. Let’s delve into some of the reasons a PhD might take longer than initially expected:

One of the most common factors is research challenges. Research is the backbone of a Ph.D., and it’s not uncommon to encounter unanticipated complexities along the way. For instance, imagine a Ph.D. student in the field of environmental science who encounters technical issues with specialized equipment required for data collection. These unexpected hurdles can require additional time and effort to resolve, extending the research phase.

Another factor that can elongate the timeline is the scope of the project. Sometimes, students may begin their research with a particular understanding of the project’s scale, only to discover that the topic is more extensive or multifaceted than initially thought. This realization can lead to an expansion of the research scope, often driven by the desire to make a more significant and impactful contribution to the field. While noble in its intent, this expansion can result in a longer and more extensive research phase.

Personal circumstances can also have a profound impact. Life doesn’t always adhere to the academic calendar, and various personal challenges can disrupt the PhD journey. These challenges can include family responsibilities, health issues, or other unforeseen life events. Balancing these personal circumstances with academic commitments can sometimes lead to a longer timeline for completing a PhD.

It’s crucial to recognize that while we often have our sights set on a timely completion, the PhD journey can be influenced by a myriad of unforeseen factors. Overcoming these challenges is a testament to resilience and dedication in the pursuit of knowledge.

I have written several articles related to PhD. You can visit them Here. These articles will guide you in the smooth completion of your PhD.

An unconventional PhD demands quality publications and presentations. I have written articles related to Research Journals and Research Conferences. Please visit them

Research Conferences
Research Journals

To sum it up, figuring out how long a Ph.D. takes is like solving a puzzle. In the U.S., it’s a bit like a long journey, taking about 5 to 7 years, while in Europe, it’s more like a focused sprint, finishing in about 3 to 4 years.

We also learned about the different stages of a Ph.D., from classes to big research and a huge paper called a dissertation. Some folks speed up their Ph.D. by managing time well, picking a good advisor, or using past research experience. But unexpected stuff, like tough research problems or personal things, can make the Ph.D. journey longer.

In Ph.D. land, time is like money you spend to learn and get smart. Whether someone is thinking about starting a Ph.D. or already on the journey, it’s their special story. Enjoy the good parts, handle the tough bits, and feel proud of becoming a real expert, adding to what everyone knows together.

Upcoming Events

Visit the Upcoming International Conferences at Exotic Travel Destinations with Travel Plan
Visit for Research Internships Worldwide

How Long Does it Take to Get a PhD?: A Go-Getter’s Guide to Graduation

Featured Expert: Dr. Charlene Hoi, PhD

How long does it take to get a PhD? On average, PhD programs are 4 or 5 years long. The time it takes to get a PhD is slightly longer in the US, between 4-6 years, because these programs tend to be more structured. If you want to know how to get a PhD in Canada or Europe, you can expect it to take 3-5 years. However, there are PhD programs that take longer, such as part-time programs, or are extremely short, like online accelerated PhD programs. Ultimately, how long it takes to get a PhD is up to you. In this article, we’ll look at the average PhD program lengths, the typical PhD timeline, and tips on how to get your PhD finished faster.

>> Want us to help you get accepted? Schedule a free initial consultation here <<

Listen to the blog!

Article Contents 13 min read

How long does it take to get a phd.

On average, it takes 4-5 years to complete a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) program. In the US, most PhD programs are between 4-6 years, while in Canada they are typically shorter, around 3-4 years.

Some students take longer than 6 years to complete their PhD, but in general the longest time it takes to get a PhD is capped at 8 years. If you’re enrolling in a part-time PhD program, for instance, your timeline will probably be extended to 6-8 years.

The shortest PhD programs out there are accelerated or sometimes online PhD programs. Some of these are only 1-2 years long, but there are comparatively fewer programs available, and they are only suitable for certain fields and careers which require less intensive research which defines most PhD programs.

One of the main reasons why it takes many years to get a PhD is because these programs are comprehensive and the requirements to graduate are extensive. Most have a set number of credit hours you need to complete, examinations to write, plus you’ll need to write your PhD thesis or dissertation, unless you pursue a PhD without dissertation .

There are certainly ways to shorten the PhD application timeline and time to graduate, which includes enrolling in a shorter program if possible, increasing your course load or the number of research hours you can dedicate per week, but generally a PhD will still take some time.

Even if you want to do a PhD without a master’s degree first, such as by applying to a direct entry PhD program, the program is still usually 4-5 years long.

We’ll take a look at the typical PhD timeline and how long it takes to get a PhD normally. After, we’ll cover some tips on how to get your PhD done faster or how you can avoid dragging things out.

In North America, the typical PhD program is divided into two stages. The first stage is where you complete all the required coursework, comprehensive exams and other academic requirements, depending on the program. The second stage is when you submit a proposal for original, independent research, get it approved and start working on your thesis or dissertation. Your PhD culminates with your thesis defense. Once your thesis has been approved, you’ll be eligible to graduate.

This timeline is somewhat flexible, as you might complete the first stage in 1 or 2 years but take longer to complete your dissertation. For the purpose of this general PhD schedule, we’ll assume your PhD program is a typical length of 4-6 years.

Application Stage

We’ve included the application stage of getting your PhD here first because the grad school application timeline can take several months to put together your application package and hear back about acceptance to a program. Secondly, because the application stage involves some critical steps you’ll need to complete in order to get your PhD.

1. Research proposal

To apply to a PhD program, you’ll most likely be required to submit a research proposal and be prepared to answer any research proposal questions your advisor will have. This is your “proposal” of what research question you will explore during your studies at a program, or an outline of what research topic you want to pursue. If you’re not sure how to write a research proposal, check out these Oxford PhD proposal samples or a Cambridge PhD proposal sample.

2. Application materials

The admission requirements for a PhD can vary from program to program, but here are the general components of a PhD application:

Required prerequisite coursework
Official transcripts (and minimum GPA)
Graduate school statement of purpose
CV for graduate school or research resume
PhD motivation letter

Some programs may also ask you to submit additional essays, such as a letter of intent, research interest statement or grad school career goals statement .

Many PhD programs also invite you to a grad school interview to get to know you better. Be ready for common graduate school interview questions such as “ tell me about yourself ” and “ why do you want to do a PhD ?”

PhD Years 1-3: Coursework Stage

1. orientation.

Your PhD program will usually begin with your orientation, where you’ll learn about the program’s individual structure, requirements and expectations. You’ll also either choose or be assigned an academic advisor and schedule an initial meeting with them. Your advisor will be a member of the university faculty who will act as your support while you complete your research and write your thesis.

2. Coursework

The first year or two of your PhD will involve completing required advanced coursework in your field. You’ll attend lectures and seminars and you may participate in research projects with department faculty or fellow graduate students or even lab work, depending on your field.

3. Electives

Along with required coursework, you’ll have the chance to take elective courses that interest you or relate to your field. It’s important to choose electives that will enrich your program. Choose ones that really interest you, that might help inform your PhD research or that will help you fulfill your credit requirements.

4. Extracurriculars

PhD programs sometimes have extracurricular activities or additional requirements outside the classroom. This can include internships or a practicum you need to complete for credit, or you might be interested in attending academic conferences or relevant events to socialize and network you’re your colleagues in the field.

5. Comprehensive exams

The coursework stage of your PhD program will end with comprehensive exams , sometimes called qualifying or preliminary exams. These are your “final exams” to make sure that you completed the necessary PhD coursework and that you’re ready and qualified to take on your own independent research in the next phase.

1. Thesis proposal

You may recall that you submitted a research proposal as part of your PhD application, and this step of the process is similar. Your thesis proposal is just like your research proposal, but it’s a more refined and developed version. Throughout your coursework, your research question might have changed or you might have changed course a little bit. If you’re still thinking about your PhD topic , take the time to solidify it before you reach the thesis proposal stage.

Your research proposal might have been a first draft, while your thesis proposal is your official announcement of: this is what I propose to research in this PhD program.

Depending on your field and the program, you thesis research might involve a great deal of lab work, or data collection or fieldwork. Whatever the case, your thesis proposal is a complete outline of what you intend to do for this independent research project and the steps you’ll take.

2. Thesis approval

Once your proposal is written, you’ll submit it for approval. Your academic advisor, PhD supervisor or the PhD committee overseeing your program will review it and either approve it or make suggestions for changes. Once it’s been polished and finalized, you’ll be given the go ahead to start conducting your research.

3. PhD research

Your research alone will probably take you several semesters to complete. On top of the fieldwork, lab work or data collection and analysis you’ll be completing, you’ll be using this time to write and review. Writing your thesis or dissertation takes a fair number of hours to outline, draft, edit and complete. It also means hitting the books to complete a literature review of your research topic so you have a complete background understanding of your chosen topic and how it will inform your research.

Your research and the preparation of your thesis is really the biggest part of this second stage, and is probably the longest part of your PhD altogether.

4. Extra requirements

When you’re not deep in your research, you’ll be completing other requirements of your PhD program or additional duties that enrich your education. Some programs require you to dedicate some hours to teaching, whether it be leading seminars for undergraduate students or acting as a teaching assistant for university faculty.

You’ll also be strongly encouraged to publish as a graduate student , so you may be involved in the research projects of faculty members or other grad students when you’re not working on your dissertation.

5. Thesis submission and preparation for thesis defense

When you’re finished writing your thesis and you’re ready to submit it, it’s critical to know how to prepare for thesis defense . Because not only do you have to complete this original, new body of research work, you have to get the approval of your PhD committee to put it out into the world.

Your thesis defense is essentially the final presentation of your PhD.

6. Thesis defense

Your thesis defense is an oral presentation of your research project, but it also involves submitting your written document to be reviewed. Essentially, you’ll present the entirety of your thesis to the PhD supervising committee, including your findings and conclusions. From there, the committee will ask thesis defense questions . Your answers will defend your methodology and results to the committee, basically proving the value and validity of your work. While this is an evaluation of sorts, it is also your opportunity to share your original ideas and invite further research into your topic.

After your defense, the PhD committee will either approve your thesis or send it back to you with edits or changes to be made before it can be formally approved.

Graduation and Postdoc

Once your thesis has been approved, congratulations! You’ll be eligible for graduation and be awarded your degree. Now that you’ve finished this marathon, you can choose to pursue further studies or start looking for a job after grad school .

With a PhD, you have many different options for positions in your field. You might want to know how to find a job in academia or how to get a tenure track position at a university if you’re interested in teaching others. PhD graduates who decide to transition from academia to industry or who would rather work outside the realm of academia can find industry jobs after PhD that suit their skills and experiences.

Either way, you’ll need to prepare for how to find a postdoc position, explore what the career options are for you, decide what your career goals are and start sending out applications. Remember to prep your postdoc resume and get read for postdoc interview questions , since the job hunt will begin soon after you finish your PhD!

Is it possible to get your PhD done faster? What are some ways you can speed up the process and avoid taking 8 years to complete your graduate studies? Luckily, there are many key ways you can make your journey through grad school easier and speed things up a little, from the type of PhD program you choose to the habits and skills you cultivate during your program.

#1 Enroll in an accelerated program

The first way to guarantee it will take less time to get your PhD is to, of course, enroll in a shorter PhD program. Direct entry PhD programs allow you to enroll once you’ve completed your bachelor’s degree in exceptional circumstances. Note that these are not the easiest PhD programs to get into , as your academic record needs to be excellent, and you’ll likely need prior research experience and you may even need to have publications already. However, a direct entry PhD program is around 4-5 years, but it allows you to skip the 1-2 years it would take to earn a master’s degree.

You can also choose to enroll in an online or accelerated PhD program that is designed to be much shorter than the traditional PhD. Once again, though, these programs are not available to students in every field, so you may need to research whether there are any options for you.

#2 Choose the right mentor

One of the first things you can do to ensure your PhD is smooth sailing is to choose the right mentor or academic advisor. Many programs allow you to choose your advisor, while some assign one to you. Whatever the case, it’s important to establish a strong working relationship and clear expectations early on.

One of the first things you’ll do as a PhD student is meet with your advisor. Take the time to discuss with them what your expectations for the program are, ask questions and ask them what their expectations are of you. Your advisor is there to help you and advise you, and they have resources and connections you can use to your advantage. But they are also working with a busy schedule and might be advising more than one PhD student, too. A mutually respectful relationship with open communication will ensure fewer interpersonal hurdles down the road.

#3 Earn credit hours faster

One way you can shave some time off your PhD is by earning your credit hours faster and getting to the research and thesis-writing stage faster. This might mean you take on a full-time course load or ask your advisor for ways to earn extra credit, such as participating in research projects. Some PhD programs will give you course credit for previous graduate level coursework you might have completed during your master’s degree, or for certifications and professional education you completed outside of school.

#4 Keep your thesis focused

When you get started on your research, it’s easy to feel overwhelmed with the amount of work you need to complete, with the writing of your thesis on top of it all. One way to keep your research hyper-focused and on point is to keep your thesis topic narrow. If your subject is too broad, you’ll be spending way too much time in your research. Give yourself clear objectives and scope, and don’t deviate from your PhD proposal if you don’t have to.

There may be a million questions you want to explore within your PhD topic, but there will be other opportunities to explore them. Keep your focus narrow so you don’t spend years and years asking and answering research questions!

One of the best things you can do to get your PhD done faster and adjust to the experience of graduate school is to change your thinking. Adopt a growth mindset so that you’re open to new learning, willing to listen to constructive feedback on your proposal or thesis and willing to grow your skills. A PhD is an advanced program, and you’ll already be very skilled, but it is also an opportunity to learn and grow. There will be challenges for you, so be ready to meet and overcome them instead of letting them draw you back or slow you down.

#5 Develop your professional skills fast

A PhD is an opportunity to grow your professional skillset as much as it is an opportunity for you to contribute meaningfully to your field. If you haven’t already been working on skills such as communication, presenting or lecturing and writing, now is the time to start.

Strong writing skills will help you get your thesis finished and edited faster, as you’ll be more familiar with the process and understand what makes a strong document. It’s also a useful skill to learn how to write effective funding proposals or grant proposals. You may need to do so to secure funding for your research, but it’s a highly valuable skill in the workforce, too.

Good presentation skills will help you during your thesis defense or if you’re asked to present during a conference. They will also help you build confidence in your voice and ideas and make you a better communicator when you’re networking or job searching.

#6 Keep to your schedule

This is maybe the most important skill if you want to finish your PhD faster: make a detailed schedule and hold yourself accountable to it. If you like, you can plan out your entire PhD week by week from Day 1. Write down what your course schedule is, when you’ll do research and how many hours, when you’ll write and how many hours, what extracurriculars or personal activities will take up your time and so on.

A detailed schedule gives you an overview of your PhD and a timeline of when you’ll finish. It will keep you organized and accountable, so you can avoid procrastinating or avoidable speed bumps that might slow you down. It also helps you compartmentalize the many items on your to-do list so you don’t stress out about how much you need to accomplish.

When creating your schedule, especially during the research stage when there is no formal class schedule for you to adhere to, focus on deliverables. Set a date when you will submit a section of your thesis to your advisor, or when you will complete your literature review. Setting goals and clear outcomes will keep you on track and focused.

#7 Take initiative and be independent

The last tip to help you get your PhD done faster is to take initiative. Remember that a PhD is a largely independent endeavor. You’ll have the support of a committee or advisor, but you can’t rely on them to do the work for you or put everything on hold if they aren’t available when you need them. Be flexible and adaptable so you can keep working and moving forward, even if your schedule gets interrupted or needs to change to suit your situation.

It's also important to take the initiative in your learning. Take advantage of opportunities for growth, networking, and gaining experience where you can. Get the most out of your PhD program and use your experiences to fuel your end goal of completing your thesis.

On average, it takes 4-5 years to get a PhD. There are a few factors that can influence the time it takes to complete your PhD, from program length and structure to what country you are earning your PhD in, to your own personal work ethic and schedule.

PhD programs in the US are on average 4-6 years. In Canada and the UK, they are usually 3-5 years long. Part-time PhD programs may take up to 7-8 years to complete. Direct-entry PhD programs and dual master’s and PhD programs are typically 5 years long. If you’re enrolling in an online, hybrid or accelerated PhD program, the timeline is usually 2-3 years, but there are some extremely short 1-year PhD programs offered online for specific disciplines.

Yes, you can finish your PhD before the “normal” timeline. For example, if you complete your coursework early, if you finish writing your thesis faster than average and get it approved, or if you otherwise complete all your PhD program requirements before the anticipated finish date.

Yes, there are online PhDs available for certain fields and disciplines. These typically range from 2-3 years, although there are some traditional 4-year PhD programs offered online. There are also some “accelerated” online PhDs which last 12-18 months.

A PhD program is not necessarily shorter if you first complete a master’s degree, but having gone through a master’s program can better prepare you to finish your PhD faster. Some PhD programs accept credit hours from your master’s degree towards the coursework requirements for a PhD, and if you’ve previously written a master’s thesis or completed some research during your graduate studies, this will be an advantage. Since you’ll already be familiar with the process of writing a thesis and conducting your own research, you can avoid some stumbling blocks in your PhD program that might otherwise slow down your progress.

Yes, it is possible to get a PhD without first completing a master’s degree. There are direct entry PhD programs that allow students with a bachelor’s degree to enroll, so long as they meet the admission requirements and have exceptional academic records. Some online PhDs also waive the master’s degree requirement.

Yes, it is possible to complete a traditional PhD program in a shorter amount of time than anticipate. This usually means dedicating yourself to full-time study or taking on a larger course load and increased research hours. It takes significant work, but it can be done with the right schedule and commitment.

The fastest PhD programs are the short, 1-year accelerated programs. These programs have fewer credit hours to complete, and some have no dissertation requirement, only qualifying exams to finish. However, there are not many programs out there, and they are not available for every field of interest.

Want more free tips? Subscribe to our channels for more free and useful content!

Apple Podcasts

Like our blog? Write for us ! >>

Have a question ask our admissions experts below and we'll answer your questions, get started now.

Talk to one of our admissions experts

Our site uses cookies. By using our website, you agree with our cookie policy .

FREE Training Webinar:

How to make your grad school application stand out, (and avoid the top 5 mistakes that get most rejected).

Search All Scholarships
Exclusive Scholarships
Easy Scholarships to Apply For
No Essay Scholarships
Scholarships for HS Juniors
Scholarships for HS Seniors
Scholarships for College Students
Scholarships for Grad Students
Scholarships for Women
Scholarships for Black Students
Scholarships
Student Loans
College Admissions
Financial Aid
Scholarship Winners
Scholarship Providers

Student-centric advice and objective recommendations

Higher education has never been more confusing or expensive. Our goal is to help you navigate the very big decisions related to higher ed with objective information and expert advice. Each piece of content on the site is original, based on extensive research, and reviewed by multiple editors, including a subject matter expert. This ensures that all of our content is up-to-date, useful, accurate, and thorough.

Our reviews and recommendations are based on extensive research, testing, and feedback. We may receive commission from links on our website, but that doesn’t affect our editors’ opinions. Our marketing partners don’t review, approve or endorse our editorial content. It’s accurate to the best of our knowledge when posted. You can find a complete list of our partners here .

How Long Does It Take to Earn a PhD?

Cece Gilmore is a Content Writer at Scholarships360. Cece earned her undergraduate degree in Journalism and Mass Communications from Arizona State University. While at ASU, she was the education editor as well as a published staff reporter at Downtown Devil. Cece was also the co-host of her own radio show on Blaze Radio ASU.

Learn about our editorial policies

Cari Schultz is an Educational Review Board Advisor at Scholarships360, where she reviews content featured on the site. For over 20 years, Cari has worked in college admissions (Baldwin Wallace University, The Ohio State University, University of Kentucky) and as a college counselor (Columbus School for Girls).

Maria Geiger is Director of Content at Scholarships360. She is a former online educational technology instructor and adjunct writing instructor. In addition to education reform, Maria’s interests include viewpoint diversity, blended/flipped learning, digital communication, and integrating media/web tools into the curriculum to better facilitate student engagement. Maria earned both a B.A. and an M.A. in English Literature from Monmouth University, an M. Ed. in Education from Monmouth University, and a Virtual Online Teaching Certificate (VOLT) from the University of Pennsylvania.

Graduate student wonders how long a PhD program is

How long is a PhD program? That might be one of the first questions you ask yourself If you are thinking of earning a PhD. You have probably heard a range of years, and that is because how long it takes to earn a PhD depends on a number of factors. Keep reading to learn more!!

What is a PhD?

PhD stands for a “Doctorate of Philosophy.” This is an academic degree that qualifies the degree holder to teach their chosen subject at university level or to work in a specialized position in their chosen field. In general, the PhD is the highest level of degree a student can achieve.

Also see: Top fully funded PhD programs

Why get a PhD?

A PhD is a serious commitment with a serious return on investment. Here is a list of professional and personal benefits for earning a PhD.


Career advancement	Achieving a sense of accomplishment
Higher earning potential	Financial stability
Teaching and mentoring	Improvement of social skills
Networking and collaboration	Increased recognition
Scholarly respect	Enhanced self-confidence

How long does it take to earn a PhD?

Earning a PhD usually takes between four and seven years to complete, depending on the type of PhD as well as the schools requirements, the students educational background, and personal progress. Students who take full-time classes can typically finish in four years. A typical PhD program requires anywhere from 60 to 120 semester credit hours .

Why earning a PhD takes years to earn

Assistantship obligations.

Teaching and research assistantships can be very beneficial for the experience they provide and the potential funding, but they can also be time consuming obligations for PhD students. Therefore, assistantships may affect the amount of time it takes to complete a PhD program.

Comprehensive examinations

Universities often require students to demonstrate their readiness in a PhD program through comprehensive exams. These comprehensive exams may be known as:

Preliminary examinations
Major field examinations
Comprehensive exams or “Comps”
General examinations

Dissertation

A dissertation is an in-depth research document that serves as the culmination of a doctoral program. It is an important document that demonstrates a student’s original research and contribution to their field of study.

The dissertation involves conducting extensive research, reviewing previous literature, analyzing data, and presenting your findings in a structured manner. Once the dissertation is completed, it is typically defended orally in front of a committee of faculty members who assess the quality and validity of the research.

Average PhD timeline

The specific of a PhD timeline carried by college and university. However, the following is a good overview of the average PhD program.

Year 1: Take advanced courses
Year 2: Take advanced courses and begin preparing for exams
Year 3: Study, take and defend your comprehensive exams and begin researching your dissertation proposal
Year 4: Begin working on your dissertation
Year 5: Finish and defend your dissertation

Average PhD completion by focus

According to data from the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics the average time in years from graduate school entry to doctorate it took students to receive their degree in 2020 in certain fields is listed below.

Life sciences = 6.9 years
Physical sciences and earth sciences = 6.3 years
Mathematics and computer sciences = 7.0 years
Psychology and social sciences = 7.9 years
Engineering = 6.8 years
Education = 12.0 years
Humanities and arts = 9.6 years
Other non-S&E fields = 9.3 years

Related : Top 10 PhD in Education programs

How to finish your PhD is less time

Look for accelerated classes.

Accelerated courses are an easy way to reduce the amount of time it takes to finish a PhD. Therefore, look into if your program offers any shorter courses.

Work on your dissertation throughout the program

Working on your dissertation little by little throughout the program will allow you to speed up your doctoral timeline. In addition, it may reduce the likelihood that you’ll drop out before finishing your final project.

Maintain regular communication with your advisor

Establish regular communication with your advisor or supervisor. Regular meetings can help you receive guidance, address any issues, and ensure you are heading in the right direction.

Seek feedback early and often

Share your work and progress with your advisor, peers, or other trusted individuals often. Then, you should incorporate suggestions and revisions as you go along. This will help you refine your work and avoid major revisions later.

Maintain a healthy school-life balance

While it is important to be dedicated to your PhD, it’s just as important to maintain a healthy work-life balance. Therefore, be sure to prioritize yourself! While finishing your PhD in less time is a great feat, it is important that you are not sacrificing your well-being while doing so.

Key Takeaways

PhD stands for “doctorate of philosophy” and is generally the highest level of degree a student can earn
There are many professional and personal benefits to earning a PhD which can lead to a serious return on investment
A PhD program typically takes 4-7 years to complete. However, it can take longer or shorter depending on personal circumstances and field of study
With planning and guidance from advisors, students can sometimes complete PhDs in less time

Start your scholarship search

Vetted scholarships custom-matched to your profile
Access exclusive scholarships only available to Scholarships360 members

Frequently asked questions about how long it takes to earn a PhD

Do i need to have a master’s degree to get a phd, what is the easiest phd to earn, can i finish my phd earlier than the estimated time frame, what happens if i don’t complete my phd within the expected timeframe, can i work while pursuing a phd, can i accelerate the process of earning a phd, scholarships360 recommended.

Student sits in a classroom in the 1970's with other students typing on typewriters

10 Tips for Successful College Applications

Female college student leaning over a computer on a desk as she studies coalition vs common app information

Coalition vs. Common App: What is the difference?

Female student wearing headphones seated at desk looking at list of college application deadlines on computer notebook

College Application Deadlines 2024-2025: What You Need to Know

Trending now.

Photo of a student using our GPA converter to calculate her GPA from her grades

How to Convert Your GPA to a 4.0 Scale

Student filling in bubbles on the PSAT, with the words "PSAT > SAT" printed on his pencil

PSAT to SAT Score Conversion: Predict Your Score

Photo of a building on the campus of a Public Ivy which is covered in ivy

What are Public Ivy League Schools?

3 reasons to join scholarships360.

Automatic entry to our $10,000 No-Essay Scholarship
Personalized matching to thousands of vetted scholarships
Quick apply for scholarships exclusive to our platform

By the way...Scholarships360 is 100% free!

Society ›

Education & Science

Industry-specific and extensively researched technical data (partially from exclusive partnerships). A paid subscription is required for full access.

Median years to complete a doctorate U.S. 1995-2021

Median number of years needed to complete a doctorate degree in the United States from 1995 to 2021

Characteristic	Since Bachelor's degree	Since starting graduate school
-	-	-
-	-	-
-	-	-
-	-	-
-	-	-
-	-	-
-	-	-

To access all Premium Statistics, you need a paid Statista Account

Immediate access to all statistics
Incl. source references
Download as PDF, XLS, PNG and PPT

Additional Information

Show sources information Show publisher information Use Ask Statista Research Service

October 2022

United States

1995 to 2021

Statistics on " Higher education graduation in the U.S. "

Degrees earned in higher education U.S. 1950-2032
Number of Associate's degree recipients U.S. 1970-2032
Number of Bachelor's degree recipients U.S. 1869/70-2031/32
Number of Master's degree recipients U.S. 1880-2032
Number of doctoral and first professional degree recipients U.S. 1870-2032
Number of degrees awarded by community colleges U.S. 2021, by type
Associate's degrees earned in the United States 1970-2032, by gender
Associate's degrees earned in the United States 2020/21, by ethnicity
Bachelor's degrees earned in the United States by gender 1950-2032
Bachelor's degrees earned in the United States by ethnic group 2020/21
Bachelor's degrees earned in the United States 2020/21, by field of research
Number of Bachelor's degrees awarded U.S. 2020-2021, by gender and subject
Share of U.S. population who had completed a bachelor's degree 2021, by state
Master's degrees earned in the United States 1950-2032, by gender
Master's degrees earned in the United States 2020/21, by ethnicity
Master's degrees earned in the United States 2020/21, by field of research
Share of U.S. population who had completed an advanced degree 2021, by state
Doctoral degrees earned in the United States 1950-2032, by gender
Primary sources of financial support for U.S. doctorate recipients 2021
Share of U.S. graduates with debt 2003-2019
Average debt of university graduates in the U.S. 2008-2022
Average student debt for a 4-year bachelor's degree, by institution type U.S. 2020/21
Highest paying associate's degrees in the U.S. 2021/22, by mid-career pay
U.S. average salary for Bachelor's degree holders 2024, by discipline
Highest paying bachelor's degrees in the U.S. 2021/22, by mid-career pay

Other statistics that may interest you Higher education graduation in the U.S.

Basic Statistic Degrees earned in higher education U.S. 1950-2032
Basic Statistic Number of Associate's degree recipients U.S. 1970-2032
Basic Statistic Number of Bachelor's degree recipients U.S. 1869/70-2031/32
Basic Statistic Number of Master's degree recipients U.S. 1880-2032
Basic Statistic Number of doctoral and first professional degree recipients U.S. 1870-2032

Associate's degree

Premium Statistic Number of degrees awarded by community colleges U.S. 2021, by type
Basic Statistic Associate's degrees earned in the United States 1970-2032, by gender
Basic Statistic Associate's degrees earned in the United States 2020/21, by ethnicity

Bachelor's degree

Basic Statistic Bachelor's degrees earned in the United States by gender 1950-2032
Basic Statistic Bachelor's degrees earned in the United States by ethnic group 2020/21
Basic Statistic Bachelor's degrees earned in the United States 2020/21, by field of research
Premium Statistic Number of Bachelor's degrees awarded U.S. 2020-2021, by gender and subject
Premium Statistic Share of U.S. population who had completed a bachelor's degree 2021, by state

Master's degree

Basic Statistic Master's degrees earned in the United States 1950-2032, by gender
Basic Statistic Master's degrees earned in the United States 2020/21, by ethnicity
Basic Statistic Master's degrees earned in the United States 2020/21, by field of research
Premium Statistic Share of U.S. population who had completed an advanced degree 2021, by state

Doctorate degree

Basic Statistic Doctoral degrees earned in the United States 1950-2032, by gender
Basic Statistic Doctoral degrees earned in the United States 2020/21, by ethnicity
Basic Statistic Doctoral degrees earned in the United States 2020/21, by field of research
Premium Statistic Median years to complete a doctorate U.S. 1995-2021
Premium Statistic Primary sources of financial support for U.S. doctorate recipients 2021

Debt and unemployment

Basic Statistic Share of U.S. graduates with debt 2003-2019
Basic Statistic Average debt of university graduates in the U.S. 2008-2022
Basic Statistic Average student debt for a 4-year bachelor's degree, by institution type U.S. 2020/21
Basic Statistic U.S. unemployment rate of recent graduates 2016-2024
Basic Statistic Highest paying associate's degrees in the U.S. 2021/22, by mid-career pay
Basic Statistic U.S. average salary for Bachelor's degree holders 2024, by discipline
Basic Statistic Highest paying bachelor's degrees in the U.S. 2021/22, by mid-career pay
Basic Statistic U.S. average salary for master's graduates 2024, by discipline

Further related statistics

Basic Statistic Doctorate recipient numbers in the U.S. 2021, by ethnicity
Premium Statistic Age distribution of doctorate recipients U.S. 2021
Premium Statistic Share of doctorate recipients U.S. 2021, by parent's education level
Premium Statistic Doctorate recipient numbers U.S. 2021, by gender and field of study
Premium Statistic Doctorate recipient numbers U.S. 2021, by field of study
Premium Statistic Doctorate recipient numbers U.S. 2021, by major field of study
Basic Statistic Temporary visa holders completing U.S. doctorates 2021, by country of origin
Basic Statistic U.S. states that awarded the most doctorates 2021
Basic Statistic Share of U.S. undergraduates in 2007/08, by degree goal and parent's education
Basic Statistic Share of college students 2009, by degree attainment and degree completion status
Premium Statistic Least affordable U.S. colleges 2012, showing attendance cost
Basic Statistic Percentage of U.S. population groups with a bachelor's degree, by ethnicity 2010
Premium Statistic Number of engineering and science doctorate recipients U.S. 1957-2021
Premium Statistic Number of doctorate granting institutions U.S. 1975-2018
Premium Statistic Share of GPs recommending apps to their patients Australia 2018 by frequency
Premium Statistic Share of P1 cohort admitted to publicly-funded degree courses Singapore 2017-2022

Further Content: You might find this interesting as well

Doctorate recipient numbers in the U.S. 2021, by ethnicity
Age distribution of doctorate recipients U.S. 2021
Share of doctorate recipients U.S. 2021, by parent's education level
Doctorate recipient numbers U.S. 2021, by gender and field of study
Doctorate recipient numbers U.S. 2021, by field of study
Doctorate recipient numbers U.S. 2021, by major field of study
Temporary visa holders completing U.S. doctorates 2021, by country of origin
U.S. states that awarded the most doctorates 2021
Share of U.S. undergraduates in 2007/08, by degree goal and parent's education
Share of college students 2009, by degree attainment and degree completion status
Least affordable U.S. colleges 2012, showing attendance cost
Percentage of U.S. population groups with a bachelor's degree, by ethnicity 2010
Number of engineering and science doctorate recipients U.S. 1957-2021
Number of doctorate granting institutions U.S. 1975-2018
Share of GPs recommending apps to their patients Australia 2018 by frequency
Share of P1 cohort admitted to publicly-funded degree courses Singapore 2017-2022

Home »

Studying a PhD in The USA - The Complete Guide

Find your perfect postgrad program search our database of 30,000 courses.

The USA is a favourable postgraduate study destination for international students due to the high standard of academic study and the wide variety of subjects. By undertaking a PhD in the USA, you will find yourself becoming an internationally recognised expert in your chosen field.

A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) from the USA is considered the highest awarded degree in many US universities and institutes for most fields of study. For many international students, it's a dream course that offers an exciting new life chapter.

Attending Grad School for a PhD in the USA is not the same as undertaking a PhD in Europe or the UK , it can often be a different experience. However, studying abroad will improve your global cultural understanding in addition to your network of contacts for your future career. A PhD degree is often required when you apply for high-level management jobs, government expert positions, and careers like a university professor, researcher, or scientist in many fields.

There are a multitude of reasons why the United States is a fantastic choice for your PhD studies. Here’s everything you need to know about studying a PhD in the USA.

1. PhD course length

The total length of a PhD in the USA is between 4-8 years for full-time students and 8-10 years for part-time students, depending on your field of study. PhDs can be completed in 4-5 years for students with a masters degree in an appropriate subject. Students typically dedicate 1-4 years on coursework, followed by 2-4 years of dissertation work. In the USA, the academic year is divided into two teaching semesters: August to December and January to May.

Having a longer duration for your PhD allows for greater opportunities to adjust to your course and find your footing. This enables you to concentrate on developing a more comprehensive understanding of your chosen subject at a more relaxed pace.

2. World-class universities

The US repeatedly tops the charts of worldwide ranking universities , so what better place to do your PhD studies? Although rankings shouldn’t be the main deciding factor when making your PhD choice, they're a great indicator of educational expertise.

There are many factors to consider when choosing the location for your PhD. Does the university have a high employability rate after graduation? Are you wanting to go public or private university? What kind of research facilities do they have?

Be sure to do some research before making a decision on your perfect place of study.

3. International community

The United States is a popular choice for international students from all over the world – making it an inspirational and cosmopolitan choice for your PhD studies. No matter what your choice of academic study is, you are guaranteed to find a diverse community that welcomes students from all backgrounds.

4. Affordable tuition fees

There are various tuition fee options available for PhD students regardless of your budget. The American higher education system is often associated with high fees and substantial student debt, but in fact, studying at an American university isn't always expensive, and many institutions offer affordable courses. For instance, PhD costs range from $28,000 to $55,000 annually, which shows that finding a PhD course that’s more affordable is possible.

5. Student experience

American universities typically have vibrant campus communities with a wide range of extracurricular activities, clubs and organisations. As a student, you will have the opportunity to engage in various social, cultural and recreational activities alongside your academic studies.

6. Student support

American universities typically provide comprehensive support services to assist you on your PhD journey. These services may include academic advising, counselling, career services, libraries, writing centres and various student organisations aimed at fostering your personal and professional development.

7. Land of opportunity

It's fair to say that student life in the USA offers something for everyone, regardless of what you're looking for from a PhD. With 50 states, six time zones, and thousands of higher-education providers, there's an opportunity waiting for every individual across the globe.

So let’s take a look at some of the key factors to consider when studying for a PhD in the USA.

Studying a PhD in the USA: top tips

Who is eligible for a phd in the usa.

To be eligible for PhD in the USA, generally students should have completed a graduate degree with a minimum GPA of 3.0, provide proof of English language proficiency, GRE scores and other supporting documents. The eligibility criteria for a PhD in the USA can vary depending on the specific university and program.

Can I get a PhD without a masters degree?

Yes, you can pursue a PhD without having a masters. Universities in the USA do not require a masters for you to apply. Because of the graduate programs in the US, you will receive your masters degree once you have completed your coursework stage. This practice combines the masters and PhD into one.

The eligibility criteria and requirements for direct entry PhD programs vary among institutions and fields of study, so it is advisable to check the entry requirements of the specific university or course you are interested in.

How to apply for a PhD in the USA

When applying for your chosen subject in the USA, you should expect to provide relevant information and statements to the university. This will include:

Completed application form – provided by your preferred university.

A personal statement – on why you want to study the subject, your research interests and career goals. Be sure to include any extracurricular activities and achievements within the body of your statement.

References – universities will expect that your referees will recommend you for the chosen course.

Test scores and grades – you will generally need to submit scores from standardised tests like the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) or the Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT).

English language proficiency – international applicants whose native language is not English usually need to provide proof of English language proficiency through tests like the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) or the International English Language Testing System (IELTS). It varies from institution to institution, but international students in the USA are required to have a TOEFL score of about 90.

Samples of work – it is recommended that you provide some work you have done that is relevant to your chosen subject. You may even be asked to complete a small task during the application process.

The application fee.

Method of study

Compared to the UK and Europe , studying a PhD in the USA involves several key differences. Students in the USA are usually in direct contact with their professor, compared with those in the UK where students might find that their PhD program is headed by a professor who gives them a little less flexibility to change their research and study areas. There can be several cultural differences between UK, Europe, and USA university lifestyles. US students are expected to undertake a great deal of teaching and marking, as opposed to PhD students in Europe.

As a result, you may have less free time outside of the university when pursuing a PhD in the USA.

Application for PhD In USA

When applying for your chosen subject, you should expect to provide relevant information and statements to the university. This might include:

A personal statement on why you want to study the subject. Be sure to include any extra-curricular activities and achievements within the body of your statement.

References. Universities will expect that your referees will recommend you for the chosen course.

Test scores and grades. It is important that you provide a list of your awarded grades from previous courses you have studied.

Samples of work. It is recommended that you provide some work you have done that is relevant to your chosen subject. You may even be asked to complete a small task during the application process.

UK and Europe students decide on their PhD thesis subject area before they apply . While taking classes at a graduate level, prospective PhD students in the USA spend up to a year or two deciding on their specific research subject. It is normal to apply for up to six institutions for a PhD in the USA, and students apply to each institution separately as there is no central organisation.

Students in the UK and Europe are expected to apply with an understanding of the subject already, usually in the form of a masters degree, and be ready to start studying at the PhD level straight away. In the USA it is expected that students do not have an in-depth understanding of their subject as they usually only have an undergraduate degree when they apply.

When should I start applying for a PhD in the USA?

Deadlines for applications to PhD programs in the USA tend to be between December and February, and institutions should let you know about your application by April. Most US institutions recommend that you apply as far in advance as you possibly can to give them, and you, plenty of time to make arrangements.

Universities in the USA do not require a masters for you to apply as well. Because of the graduate programs in the US, you will receive your masters degree once you have completed your coursework stage. This practice combines the masters and PhD into one.

It varies from institution to institution, but international students in the USA are required to have a TOEFL score of about 90.

Funding your PhD in USA

PhD students are very likely to receive financial support in the form of PhD scholarships ; some USA PhD students also receive PhD studentships .

Making your PhD application in plenty of time allows you more time to apply for and arrange your PhD funding. Many students find that funding can cover much, or all, of the cost of their PhD studies in the USA, which ranges between $28,000 and $40,000. Deadlines for funding applications can be as early as December before starting your studies in the Autumn/Fall.

There are two types of PhD funding: fully funded, which pays for the student's graduate school tuition fees, accommodation, and living expenses, or partially funded, which pays for the student's tuition only partially or fully.

Can a PhD be fully funded?

Yes, many top universities in the USA offer fully funded PhD programs for eligible students. This funding pays for the student's graduate school tuition fees, accommodation and living expenses. Partially funded PhDs only cover the student's tuition in part or in full.

Some PhD students will receive a stipend from their institution with an assistantship position, but this varies between institutions and between departments within institutions. Other students can find funding from both their own and the American government, and there are plenty of American government schemes like The Fulbright Program that offer funds.

Apply for one of our x5 bursaries worth £2,000

We've launched our new Postgrad Solutions Study Bursaries for 2024. Full-time, part-time, online and blended-learning students eligible. 2024 & 2025 January start dates students welcome. Study postgraduate courses in any subject taught anywhere worldwide.

How long does it take to study a PhD in the USA?

For part-time students in the USA, a PhD can take eight to ten years, but it usually takes five to six years for full-time students. PhDs can be completed in four to five years rather than five or six for students with a masters degree in an appropriate subject.

Top 10 ranked American universities

Based on 2024 Times Higher Education's World University Rankings data, the following table shows which US universities rank the highest.


1	2	Stanford University
2	3	Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
3	4	Harvard University
4	6	Princeton University
5	7	California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
6	9	University of California, Berkeley
7	10	Yale University
8	13	University of Chicago
9	15	John Hopkins University
10	16	University of Pennsylvania

Our PhD bursary winner & funding opportunity

Mohammad Abdollahi is a 35-year-old Iranian student studying a PhD in Operational Research at the University of Essex. He was delighted when he found out he’d been awarded a Postgrad Solutions Study Bursary. As an international student coming to the UK with his wife and two children, it has proved to be an invaluable funding resource as he explains. “It was good news and exciting – I was overwhelmed with joy!”

How To Prepare For A PhD Viva

Masters In USA

Lists of Universities in USA

Graduate School USA

Postgrad Solutions Study Bursaries

Exclusive bursaries Open day alerts Funding advice Application tips Latest PG news

Complete Our Destination Survey

Take 2 minutes to complete our Destination Survey for the chance to win a Postgrad Study Bursary worth £2,000.

All we need to know is:

Your university
Your PG course

Stack Exchange Network

Stack Exchange network consists of 183 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow , the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers.

Q&A for work

Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search.

PhD duration in the USA

I am trying to find out what the average duration of PhD studies are in the USA. Here in Spain it used to be 4 years, but it seems that Europe is moving towards a 3-year scheme since students are expected to do their MSc before they start. What is it like in the USA? Is some kind of shortening also occurring?

united-states

2 In my university, 4 or 5 in Economics, 5 or 6 in Finance. – Akavall Commented Mar 24, 2014 at 15:53
6 Keep in mind that, in many fields, the time to PhD in the US also includes the coursework (master's) component, so the research phase can be anywhere from one semester to almost two years shorter than the "time to PhD." – aeismail Commented Mar 24, 2014 at 17:02
4 In the experimental sciences, the time it takes to get a PhD can depend heavily on how a particular experiment or program of research works out. In physics it's not uncommon for people to do their coursework, then take several years trying to get an experiment to work, then give up and start over with some other experiment, which takes several more years. At the school where I got my PhD in physics, I think about 30% of my peers took 9 years total. – user1482 Commented Mar 25, 2014 at 0:29
2 The dean of social sciences at my school is an archaeologist and mentioned offhand that his students typically take 9+ years to finish due to fieldwork. – Tim Commented Aug 7, 2014 at 8:42
2 "it seems that Europe is moving towards a 3-year scheme" - I am not sure this applies so generally. In Germany, there is a certain movement towards structured doctoral programs, but newly introduced programs are quite sometimes designed to take four years. Moreover, the practical way these are sometimes conducted is that the doctoral candidate goes through the structured doctoral program for four years, and then remains with his or her department for another year or so, funded from other sources, to complete their doctoral thesis, thus maintaining the original duration of roughly five year – O. R. Mapper Commented Sep 17, 2015 at 8:57

3 Answers 3

Each program is going to be different. Usually, the first couple years of a PhD program involves taking graduate level classes while the later years are dedicated to academic engagement in the discipline (for example, in Chemistry, you would do research in a lab.) If you have a Masters degree relevant to the PhD, you may cut off some or all of the classroom portion of the PhD program.

The qualifications for actually receiving the PhD also differ. You may need to get approval from an academic board (this is usually at least part of the process in any case), you may need to write a thesis, you may even be required to be published in an academic journal. (In the hard sciences, this is common.)

Because the requirements for getting the degree differ, the time may as well. For the most part, PhDs (with no Masters) should take between 4 - 6 years. Getting a Masters degree first may cut off about a year or so of that. While this is generally true, you will find many examples of people taking longer and I've known at least two people who graduated in less than 4 years with a PhD.

While this is an average, you'll want to get info specific to your desired University, the degree, and even the group (or academic adviser) that you choose to work for.

4 It also varies by discipline. Some take substantially longer than others. – vadim123 Commented Mar 24, 2014 at 16:32
For US PhD recipients in 2018, the median years between starting graduate school and earning a doctorate was 7.3. Do not rely on the 4-6 years. – Anonymous Physicist Commented Jul 18, 2020 at 2:21

This varies so widely by discipline that asking for an average across all disciplines is unlikely to be very helpful. Most individual disciplines do keep careful records of this statistic, and it should be easy to search for them on (e.g.) google.

However, I would say with some confidence that no American PhD program requires or even expects its students to complete a PhD in less than four years. In some programs the "party line" is that it is desirable to complete the degree in four years, but in my experience this means that you start to feel the squeeze of increased teaching and/or decreased funding after four years, not that you get ejected from the program or forced to graduate.

I work in a discipline, mathematics, with a high entry cost but for which, once you acquire the necessary background and skills (with which a small minority of students do enter the program), there is no specific reason why you couldn't do all the work for a great thesis and write it up in a rather short amount of time, say on the order of a semester. Nevertheless I have met very few people who have completed a math PhD in fewer than four years. When we get to the upper echelons of talent, preparation and work ethic, this surely must mean that the culture of a PhD program strongly encourages students to stay for this amount of time.

To answer your final question: yes, many programs are trying to shorten their average time to degree as funding is being cut. In my own PhD program (mathematics at UGA) I was involved in an initiative to do just this: up until recently we guaranteed six years of funding to incoming PhD students without master's degrees and five for students with an incoming master's. We now guarantee five years to all students. Note that this does not mean that we do not have funded sixth year students: we certainly do. But it means that students will, throughout their time in the program, have to keep their eye on the five-year mark, which is something that our former arrangement was not doing: even very strong students would often stick around for six years for no especially good reason.

Finally let me also note that we changed (with my involvement) all our requirements to be independent of whether students arrive with master's degrees. We have found that the difference in the level of preparedness of such students is not significant enough to justify more stringent time-to-degree requirements.

Many thanks. I find it amazing that you fund people equally regardless of whether they have a masters's; it's very generous. Very informative answer. – CesarGon Commented Mar 24, 2014 at 21:59
1 I would +1 except for the 4-year hard minimum. I know several people who did the PhD in three, in STEM fields. If you're not looking for an academic job afterward, and you know what you want to research, 3 years is realistic in many fields. – David Ketcheson Commented Mar 25, 2014 at 3:41
@David: There are people who got their PhDs at 20 years old; one presumes they spent a short amount of time in the program. When I say four years is a "hard minimum", I mean I know of no program in the US which requires or even expects (e.g. by decreasing funding) its students to complete a PhD in fewer than four years. Do you? – Pete L. Clark Commented Mar 25, 2014 at 8:10
@CesarGon: In mathematics most students don't get a master's on the way to a PhD. – Mark Meckes Commented Mar 25, 2014 at 10:14
@PeteL.Clark I don't know of any such program. But expectations and hard minimums are very different, in my mind. Anyway, <4 is certainly unusual. – David Ketcheson Commented Mar 26, 2014 at 13:03

The Survey of Earned Doctorates ( http://www.norc.org/Research/Projects/Pages/survey-of-earned-doctorates-(sed).aspx ) has detailed statistics. A summary report is http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf06312/ with breakdown by field, year etc.

3 We generally prefer to have more than just a bare link in answers, since the answer then becomes useless when the link decays. Can you please add a brief summary of key information at the end of the link? – jakebeal Commented Nov 7, 2015 at 21:14
Thank you. Would you be so kind to add a summary of what the report says, as suggested by @jakebeal? – CesarGon Commented Nov 9, 2015 at 19:40
For US PhD recipients in 2018, the median years between starting graduate school and earning a doctorate was 7.3. – Anonymous Physicist Commented Jul 18, 2020 at 2:19

You must log in to answer this question.

Not the answer you're looking for browse other questions tagged phd united-states ..

Featured on Meta
Join Stack Overflow’s CEO and me for the first Stack IRL Community Event in...
Bringing clarity to status tag usage on meta sites

Hot Network Questions

Are all pass filters stable?
\documentclass in separate .tex file
Model reduction in linear regression by stepwise elimination of predictors with "non-significant" coefficients
What is the EPSG for Czechia (Czech) DMR 5G Lidar Data?
What is the missing fifth of the missing fifths?
Correct anonymization of submission using Latex
Colossians 1:16 New World Translation renders τα πάντα as “all other things” but why is this is not shown in their Kingdom Interlinear?
Does Gödel’s incompleteness theorems imply the necessity of an infinite recursive hierarchy of “proofs”, and that any “proof” is relative?
Pólya trees counted efficiently
What is this phenomenon?
Movie / episode where a spaceplane is stuck in orbit
Parsing and processing "resolvectl statistics" output using awk
What was used between these countertop sections?
Somebody used recommendation by an in-law – should I report it?
Mistake on car insurance policy about use of car (commuting/social)
Which volcano is more hazardous? Mount Rainier or Mount Hood?
Potential Syscall Note Loophole?
How to go from Asia to America by ferry
What was the typical amount of disk storage for a mainframe installation in the 1980s?
Getting lost on a Circular Track
How to delete members of a list by rule
Why do "modern" languages not provide argv and exit code in main?
Fundamental Question on Noise Figure
Humans are forbidden from using complex computers. But what defines a complex computer?

Crimson Careers
For Employers
Harvard College
Harvard Kenneth C. Griffin Graduate School of Arts & Sciences
Harvard Extension School
Premed / Pre-Health
Families & Supporters
Faculty & Staff
Prospective Students
First Generation / Low Income
International Students
Students of Color
Students with Disabilities
Undocumented Students
Varsity Athletes
Explore Interests & Make Career Decisions
Create a Resume/CV or Cover Letter
Expand Your Network
Engage with Employers
Search for a Job
Find an Internship
January Experiences (College)
Find & Apply for Summer Opportunities Funding
Prepare for an Interview
Negotiate an Offer
Apply to Graduate or Professional School
Access Resources
AI for Professional Development and Exploration
Arts & Entertainment
Business & Entrepreneurship
Climate, Sustainability, Environment, Energy
Government, Int’l Relations, Education, Law, Nonprofits
Life Sciences & Health
Technology & Engineering
Still Exploring
Talk to an Advisor

How Long Does It Take to Get a Ph.D. Degree?

Share This: Share How Long Does It Take to Get a Ph.D. Degree? on Facebook Share How Long Does It Take to Get a Ph.D. Degree? on LinkedIn Share How Long Does It Take to Get a Ph.D. Degree? on X

Earning a Ph.D. from a U.S. grad school typically requires nearly six years, federal statistics show.

(CAIAIMAGE/TOM MERTON/GETTY IMAGES)

A Ph.D. is most appropriate for someone who is a “lifelong learner.”

Students who have excelled within a specific academic discipline and who have a strong interest in that field may choose to pursue a Ph.D. degree. However, Ph.D. degree-holders urge prospective students to think carefully about whether they truly want or need a doctoral degree, since Ph.D. programs last for multiple years.

According to the Survey of Earned Doctorates, a census of recent research doctorate recipients who earned their degree from U.S. institutions, the median amount of time it took individuals who received their doctorates in 2017 to complete their program was 5.8 years. However, there are many types of programs that typically take longer than six years to complete, such as humanities and arts doctorates, where the median time for individuals to earn their degree was 7.1 years, according to the survey.

Some Ph.D. candidates begin doctoral programs after they have already obtained master’s degrees, which means the time spent in grad school is a combination of the time spent pursuing a master’s and the years invested in a doctorate. In order to receive a Ph.D. degree, a student must produce and successfully defend an original academic dissertation, which must be approved by a dissertation committtee. Writing and defending a dissertation is so difficult that many Ph.D. students drop out of their Ph.D. programs having done most of the work necessary for degree without completing the dissertation component. These Ph.D. program dropouts often use the phrase “ all but dissertation ” or the abbreviation “ABD” on their resumes.

According to a comprehensive study of Ph.D. completion rates published by The Council of Graduate Schools in 2008, only 56.6% of people who begin Ph.D. programs earn Ph.D. degrees.

Ian Curtis, a founding partner with H&C Education, an educational and admissions consulting firm, who is pursuing a Ph.D. degree in French at Yale University , says there are several steps involved in the process of obtaining a Ph.D. Students typically need to fulfill course requirements and pass comprehensive exams, Curtis warns. “Once these obligations have been completed, how long it takes you to write your dissertation depends on who you are, how you work, what field you’re in and what other responsibilities you have in life,” he wrote in an email. Though some Ph.D. students can write a dissertation in a single year, that is rare, and the dissertation writing process may last for several years, Curtis says.

[ READ: What Is a Doctorate or a Doctoral Degree? ]

Curtis adds that the level of support a Ph.D. student receives from an academic advisor or faculty mentor can be a key factor in determining the length of time it takes to complete a Ph.D. program. “Before you decide to enroll at a specific program, you’ll want to meet your future advisor,” Curtis advises. “Also, reach out to his or her current and former students to get a sense of what he or she is like to work with.”

Curtis also notes that if there is a gap between the amount of time it takes to complete a Ph.D. and the amount of time a student’s funding lasts, this can slow down the Ph.D. completion process. “Keep in mind that if you run out of funding at some point during your doctorate, you will need to find paid work, and this will leave you even less time to focus on writing your dissertation,” he says. “If one of the programs you’re looking at has a record of significantly longer – or shorter – times to competition, this is good information to take into consideration.”

Pierre Huguet, the CEO and co-founder of H&C Education, says prospective Ph.D. students should be aware that a Ph.D. is designed to prepare a person for a career as a scholar. “Most of the jobs available to Ph.D. students upon graduation are academic in nature and directly related to their fields of study: professor, researcher, etc.,” Huguet wrote in an email. “The truth is that more specialization can mean fewer job opportunities. Before starting a Ph.D., students should be sure that they want to pursue a career in academia, or in research. If not, they should make time during the Ph.D. to show recruiters that they’ve traveled beyond their labs and libraries to gain some professional hands-on experience.”

Jack Appleman, a business writing instructor, published author and Ph.D. candidate focusing on organizational communication with the University at Albany—SUNY , says Ph.D. programs require a level of commitment and focus that goes beyond what is necessary for a typical corporate job. A program with flexible course requirements that allow a student to customize his or her curriculum based on academic interests and personal obligations is ideal, he says.

[ READ: Ph.D. Programs Get a Lot More Practical. ]

Joan Kee, a professor at the University of Michigan with the university’s history of art department, says that the length of time required for a Ph.D. varies widely depending on what subject the Ph.D. focuses on. “Ph.D. program length is very discipline and even field-specific; for example, you can and are expected to finish a Ph.D, in economics in under five years, but that would be impossible in art history (or most of the humanities),” she wrote in an email.

Jean Marie Carey, who earned her Ph.D. degree in art history and German from the University of Otago in New Zealand, encourages prospective Ph.D. students to check whether their potential Ph.D. program has published a timeline of how long it takes a Ph.D. student to complete their program. She says it is also prudent to speak with Ph.D. graduates of the school and ask about their experience.

Bennett urges prospective Ph.D. students to visit the campuses of their target graduate programs since a Ph.D. program takes so much time that it is important to find a school that feels comfortable. She adds that aspiring Ph.D. students who prefer a collaborative learning environment should be wary of graduate programs that have a cut-throat and competitive atmosphere, since such students may not thrive in that type of setting.

[ READ: 4 Fields Where Doctorates Lead to Jobs. ]

Alumni of Ph.D. programs note that the process of obtaining a Ph.D. is arduous, regardless of the type of Ph.D. program. “A Ph.D. is a long commitment of your time, energy and financial resources, so it’ll be easier on you if you are passionate about research,” says Grace Lee, who has a Ph.D. in neuroscience and is the founder and CEO of Mastery Insights, an education and career coaching company, and the host of the Career Revisionist podcast.

“A Ph.D. isn’t about rehashing years of knowledge that is already out there, but rather it is about your ability to generate new knowledge. Your intellectual masterpiece (which is your dissertation) takes a lot of time, intellectual creativity and innovation to put together, so you have to be truly passionate about that,” Lee says.

Erin Skelly, a graduate admissions counselor at the IvyWise admissions consulting firm, says when a Ph.D. students struggles to complete his or her Ph.D. degree, it may have more to do with the student’s academic interests or personal circumstances than his or her program.

“The time to complete a Ph.D. can depend on a number of variables, but the specific discipline or school would only account for a year or two’s difference,” she wrote in an email. “When a student takes significantly longer to complete a Ph.D. (degree), it’s usually related to the student’s coursework and research – they need to take additional coursework to complete their comprehensive exams; they change the focus of their program or dissertation, requiring extra coursework or research; or their research doesn’t yield the results they hoped for, and they need to generate a new theory and conduct more research.”

Skelly warns that the average completion time of a Ph.D. program may be misleading in some cases, if the average is skewed based on one or two outliers. She suggests that instead of focusing on the duration of a particular Ph.D. program, prospective students should investigate the program’s attritition and graduation rates.

“It is worthwhile to look at the program requirements and the school’s proposed timeline for completion, and meet current students to get their input on how realistic these expectations for completion are,” Skelly says. “That can give you an honest idea of how long it will really take to complete the program.”

Searching for a grad school? Access our complete rankings of Best Graduate Schools.

Studying PhD in the USA 2024- 2025: Your Complete Guide

Link Copied

Share on Facebook

Share on Twitter

Share on LinkedIn

Studying PhD in the USA 2024 - 2025: Your Complete Guide

Thinking about PhD? Think America!

PhD in the USA comes not only with a substantial recognition of your expertise but also impacts your overall growth in person. Learning shoulder to shoulder with the best minds that walked on this planet is a privilege. Starting from engineering, computer science, applied sciences, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and medicine to management, you may earn your PhD in the USA in the program of your choice. There are many fully funded PhD programs in America for international students in 2023 that you may opt for, too. Overwhelmed? Don’t worry; reading this blog is the first step which may guide you to your dreams of studying PhD programs in the U.S.A. Let’s keep scrolling!

Why Study PhD in the USA?

The top reasons to study in the USA include unparalleled academic excellence, American prestige , choices of flexible college programs alongside the best Universities like Stanford and Harvard and a diverse range of courses offered for PhD in the USA.

1. Course Length of PhD in the USA

Students prefer to earn their degree in the USA for the flexibility of the PhD programs in the USA for international students in 2023. The duration of your PhD in the country may vary from program to program. The maximum no. of years a part-time doctoral student spends is ten years. In other cases, full-time enrollment in PhD programs in the United States of America demands a minimum of 4 years. There are many online PhD programs in the country you may go for. Adding more to the best things about studying in the USA, you will also have the option of one-year PhD programs in the USA.

2. Top-Notch Universities

If the USA were to be a person, it would have definitely boasted about being the top destination country with its cities encompassing every aspect of a student’s dream. The hunt for knowledge seems never ending in the top institutes for PhD in the USA. The USA is home to distinguished universities like Harvard and Stanford. Studying Doctor of Philosophy in the USA means you will never have to look back.

And, just in case you are very prepared and have the merits for pursuing a PhD in the U.S.A. for international students, the chances are high that you might get an acceptance letter from the oldest universities in the world. The fully funded PhD programs in the U.S.A. for international students 2023 add to the glee of every applicant. Most public and private universities conduct intakes year-long. Also, the intakes for 2023-2024 in the USA are ongoing. You may go ahead and plan accordingly and not miss the opportunity of studying at world-class universities and the best faculty.

3. Diversity in the College Campuses

The USA is the pioneer in neo-cultural globalisation or, let us rather say, the initiator of cultural diversity. The USA is home to approximately 9,50,000 international students, making up 5.5% of the international diaspora in the US. The whooping number of students choosing the USA as their destination for higher studies is a testimony to the diversity of the beautiful campuses host.

4. Availability of Scholarships for PhD in the USA

The education system of the USA is very well devised to serve the needs of every student enrolling for PhD degree in the USA. There are many scholarships available for PhD students in the American universities. The scholarships allow you to pursue a fully funded PhD in the USA for international students 2023. There are entities such as the Government of the USA, universities and various private organisations that extend scholarships to students with merits and credible need of funds to pursue their PhD programs in the USA. We will be discussing it further in some moments.

5. Availability of Jobs after PhD in the USA

Explore The Most Ideal Student Housing!

Book through amber today!

Best Universities for PhD Programs in the USA

1. harvard university.

Tuition Fees: $78,000 ‍Acceptance rate: 4% QS Ranking: 4th

US Ranking: 2nd

Top Courses: Arts & Humanities, Business & Management, Engineering & Technology, Life Sciences & Medicine, Social Sciences & Management

Intake Seasons: Fall/Spring

Famous Alumni: Bill Gates

Harvard University stands as one of the best universities in the USA and the entire world. The university enrols close to 22,947 students annually, making it one of the toughest universities to get into as well. The university hosts a range of PhD programs in the U.S.A. for international students 2023, including chemical biology, engineering, immunology and neuroscience, among other top PhD programs in the U.S.A. The campus is also home to the largest library system in the world.

2. Stanford University

Average Fees: $80,000 ‍Acceptance rate: 16% QS Ranking: 5th

US Ranking: 3rd

Eligibility: GPA: 4, SAT: 1465, ACT: 31.5, IELTS: 6.5, TOEFL: 90, GMAT: 690, GRE: 162

Intake Seasons: Fall

Famous Alumni: Elon Musk

Located in the silicon valley, the university is a pioneering institution brimming with knowledge. As a campus that is spread across more than 8,000 acres and home to 16,000+ students flocking in from various parts of the world each year, it is one of the best choices for PhD programs in the U.S.A. for international students 2023.

3. University of Chicago

Average Fees: $78,000 ‍Acceptance rate: 6.5% QS Ranking: 11th

US Ranking: 12th

Intake Seasons: All Seasons

Famous Alumni: Susan Sontag

The University of Chicago introduces you to a world that's transformational, effective and always on the go. The campus is home to more than 17,000 students and boasts of one-of-its-kind diversity. A wide number of PhD programs in the U.S.A. for international students 2023 makes it one of the top choices for students in the world.

Top 3 PhD Scholarships in the USA

There may be situations where you wish to pursue PhD in the USA but are unable to take your leap of faith due to financial constraints. You may enroll in fully funded PhD programs in the U.S.A for international students 2023 with the help of the scholarships provided for PhD in the U.S.A. We have listed below the best scholarships for PhD in the United States of America.

1. Fulbright Foreign Student Program

Amount: $35,000

Provider: Binational Fullbright Commission/US Embassies

Deadline: 17th May, 2023

Expenses Covered: Tuition and fees, Round-trip travel, Living expenses and others

The scholarship offered by the organisation for PhD in the U.S.A. comes by as a ray of hope in your tough times. The scholarships help you move further towards a bright future backed by the PhD programs in the U.S.A. from top educational institutions.

2. AAUW International Fellowships

Amount: $20,000

Provider: American Association of University Women

Expenses Covered: Full tuition and Fees

Deadline: 1st December, 2023

The scholarship is one of the oldest, largest and most competitive scholarships for PhD in the U.S.A. The scholarship or fellowship is offered to women from across the world. The scholarship aims at boosting the contribution of women in the field of research and development. And transforming the world.

3. Campbell Fellowships for Transformative Research

Amount: $54,000

Provider: School of Advanced Research

Expenses Covered: Stipend, Tuition fees waiver, Registration costs

Deadline: November, 2023

The scholarship is among the best short-term scholarships for PhD in the USA for women scholars. The duration of the Campbell fellowship lies between 6 months to 9 months. The scholarship is awarded to female scholars who are working in global research for women in developing nations.

Application Requirements for PhD in the USA

Pursuing a PhD on American soil sounds like a dream come true. However, the process of application is extensive and requires due diligence and the best research before the selection of the scholarships and the colleges or the courses. We have tried to help you out below with some of the many requirements for applying for scholarships for PhD programs in the U.S.A. for international students 2023. Scroll for the list below:

1. Applying

The first step is completing the application form before the deadline. You may check out the websites of the scholarships and universities and keep track of deadlines.

There are two types of scholarships. One is an easy scholarship which might not require an essay, and there are scholarships for PhD in the U.S.A. demanding essays. Thus, depending on the requirement, prepare an essay describing the needs of the scholarship for you.

3. Credible References

You must collect credible sources of references while applying for the scholarships. The reference must align with the PhD programs in the USA for international students 2023 you are applying for.

4. Competitive Exam Scores

Receiving a scholarship for PhD in the United States of America comes with criteria of scores in competitive exams like IELTS, TOEFL, GRE, GMAT, SAT, and ACT, among many others. Take your tests well to qualify for the applications of scholarships to transform your PhD into fully funded PhD programs in the U.S.A. for international students 2023.

Top 3 Jobs Options After PhD in the USA

1. professor/ lecturer.

After completing your PhD in the U.S.A., you become eligible for the position of lecturer or professor in the top universities in the world.

2. Scientific Assessor

The job of a scientific assessor is also available post you earn your degree in any of the PhD programs in the U.S.A. for international students 2023.

3. Research & development

A PhD in the U.S.A. makes you eligible to apply for jobs in the research and development field. If your field of study is research-oriented, you may have job opportunities in some of the best research institutes in the world nestled in the USA.

Hope you are ready to resume or take forward the academic journey you have been aiming for. The blog was just an initiative for you to understand the overall landscape of PhD in the U.S.A. You may get in touch with us via the comment section below or DM us on our Instagram channel for additional info you might need.

Frequently Asked Questions

Your ideal student home & a flight ticket awaits

10 Best Countries To Study Medicine: Eligibility, Fees & More!

The 15 Cheapest Countries To Study Medicine for International Students In 2024

4.8/5 on Trustpilot

Rated as "Excellent" • 4800+ Reviews by students

Rated as "Excellent" • 4800+ Reviews by Students

Doctoral Completion & Time-to-degree

This page contains information about degree conferrals, time-to-degree, and retention for doctoral research programs at Stanford. While the most common academic doctoral degree across the university is the PhD, the JSD in Law and the DMA in Musical Arts are also included here. The MD and JD are considered to be professional degrees and are not included. In all cases below, the academic years reported are "summer start years", meaning that the academic year encompasses a period from the start of the summer term through the end of the following spring term. Please see the definitions below the dashboard for more details about how the various metrics presented here are calculated.

More information is available about doctoral program enrollment and demographics , as well as doctoral program admissions . Note that local variation in policy and practice regarding admission, matriculation, and degree conferral may affect the departmental and school-level metrics below.

Methodology & Definitions

Time-to-degree.

Time-to-degree is the length of time in years from the first day of the student's first term of enrollment in their doctoral program to the day of their degree conferral. Time-to-degree measures elapsed time only, not enrolled time. It does not stop and start if a student takes a leave of absence. If a student was enrolled in a master's degree program prior to matriculating in the doctoral program the separate time in the master's program is not included even if it was in the same department as the doctoral program. For this reason, time-to-degree may be lower in some doctoral programs where it is common to require completion of a master's degree prior to matriculation in the doctoral program. If a student switches between doctoral programs, time-to-degree is restarted from the first term of enrollment in the new program. The only exceptions to this restart of the clock are when program changes are the result of departmental name changes or other restructuring, or when the new program has the same CIP code as the original program.

Graduation Rate

As with time-to-degree, the start of the 6-year period used to calculate graduation rates is the first term in which the student is enrolled in a doctoral program, regardless of any prior or concurrent enrollment in a master's program. The 6-year rate is based on elapsed time only, not enrolled time. It is not based on the concept of a cohort year or graduation year, but on the actual matriculation term and degree conferral term. For example, if a student enrolled at the start of Spring 2010 and graduated at the end of Winter 2016, they would count towards the 6-year rate; however, if they instead graduated at the end of Spring 2016, their time to degree would be more than 6 years due to the extra term of enrollment.

Degree Conferrals

Numbers of degree conferrals are reported by summer start year. For example, all degree conferred from Summer 2016 through the following Spring 2017 would be reported under the 2016-17 year.

Entering Cohort Status

An entering cohort consists of all students entering a doctoral program during autumn, winter, or spring quarter of a single academic year, as well as those entering during the preceding summer. Students are considered to be current in their program if they are still actively pursuing that degree or are on an approved temporary leave of absence. "Current students in a different PhD program" are students who were enrolled at one point in the selected program but subsequently moved to another doctoral program at Stanford and are still engaged in doctoral study. Students who are listed as "completed" have successfully conferred their degree in the selected program or, if they have completed a different doctoral program, have changed programs and been awarded a doctoral degree by another program at Stanford. Program changes resulting from department name changes, organizational restructuring, or between programs with the same CIP code are not considered "changes" in this context. Students who are shown as "discontinued" have either left the university without a degree or switched to a non-doctoral degree program (in many cases a master's degree).

Visit the Graduate Admissions website for more information about pursuing graduate study at Stanford.

The data are available for download in Google Drive .

Data Source(s): PeopleSoft Campus Solutions, Institutional Research & Decision Support

Stanford University is committed to providing an online environment that is accessible to everyone, including individuals with disabilities. If you cannot access this content or use any features on this site, please contact [email protected] to obtain alternate formats.

You may submit feedback on this dashboard through the feedback form .

2023 FACTS: Applicants and Matriculants Data

2023 FACTS: Enrollment, Graduates, and MD-PhD Data

2024 FACTS: Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) Data
FACTS Glossary

By Institution

B-1.1	Total Enrollment by U.S. Medical School and Gender, 2014-2015 through 2018-2019
B-1.2	Total Enrollment by U.S. Medical School and Gender, 2019-2020 through 2023-2024
B-2.1	Total Graduates by U.S. Medical School, Gender, and Year, 2014-2015 through 2018-2019
B-2.2	Total Graduates by U.S. Medical School, Gender, and Year, 2019- 2020 through 2023-2024

By Gender and Race/Ethnicity

B-3	Total U.S. Medical School Enrollment by Race/Ethnicity and Gender, 2019-2020 through 2023-2024
B-4	Total U.S. Medical School Graduates by Race/Ethnicity and Gender, 2019-2020 through 2023-2024
B-5.1	Total Enrollment by U.S. Medical School and Race/Ethnicity (Alone), 2023-2024
B-5.2	Total Enrollment by U.S. Medical School and Race/Ethnicity (Alone or In Combination), 2023-2024
B-6.1	Total Graduates by U.S. Medical School and Race/Ethnicity (Alone), 2023-2024
B-6.2	Total Graduates by U.S. Medical School and Race/Ethnicity (Alone or In Combination), 2023-2024
B-14	Enrollment and Graduates of U.S. MD-Granting Medical Schools by Race/Ethnicity (Alone) and Gender, 2020-2021 through 2023-2024

MD-PhD and Other Dual Degrees

B-7	MD-PhD Applicants to U.S. Medical Schools by Race/Ethnicity and State of Legal Residence, 2023-2024
B-8	U.S. Medical School MD-PhD Applications and Matriculants by School, In-State Status, and Gender, 2023-2024
B-9	MD-PhD Matriculants to U.S. Medical Schools by Race/Ethnicity and State of Legal Residence, 2023-2024
B-10	MCAT Scores and GPAs for MD-PhD Applicants and Matriculants to U.S. Medical Schools, 2019-2020 through 2023-2024
B-11.1	Total MD-PhD Enrollment by U.S. Medical School and Gender, 2014-2015 through 2018-2019
B-11.2	Total MD-PhD Enrollment by U.S. Medical School and Gender, 2019-2020 through 2023-2024
B-12	First-Year, Research LOA, and Total MD-PhD Enrollment by U.S. Medical School, 2023-2024
B-13	Race/Ethnicity Responses (Alone and In Combination) of MD-PhD Graduates of U.S. Medical Schools, 2019-2020 through 2023-2024
B-15	Total U.S. MD-Granting Medical School Enrollment by Race/Ethnicity (Alone), Gender, and Degree Program, 2023-2024

Summary Data

Chart 4	Applicants, Matriculants, and Enrollment to U.S. Medical Schools, 1980-1981 through 2023-2024
Chart 5	Graduates to U.S. Medical Schools by Gender, 1980-1981 through 2023-2024
Table 1	Applicants, Matriculants, Enrollment, and Graduates to U.S. Medical Schools, 2014-2015 through 2023-2024
Table 2	MD Graduates who Entered Residency Training at Programs Currently Affiliated or Not Affiliated with their Medical Schools of Graduation, 2015-2016 through 2021-2022
Table 3	MD-PhD Graduates who Entered Residency Training at Programs Currently Affiliated or Not Affiliated with their Medical Schools of Graduation, 2015-2016 through 2021-2022

Additional Resources

Graduation Rates and Attrition Rates of U.S. Medical Students (PDF) This AAMC Data Snapshot provides information on the graduation and attrition rates of U.S. Medical Students.

Medical Education

All Departments: PhD Time to Degree Statistics

Jump to navigation

Search form

The Graduate School

Faculty/Staff Resources
Programs of Study Browse the list of MSU Colleges, Departments, and Programs
Graduate Degree List Graduate degrees offered by Michigan State University
Research Integrity Guidelines that recognize the rights and responsibilities of researchers
Online Programs Find all relevant pre-application information for all of MSU’s online and hybrid degree and certificate programs
Graduate Specializations A subdivision of a major for specialized study which is indicated after the major on official transcripts
Graduate Certificates Non-degree-granting programs to expand student knowledge and understanding about a key topic
Interdisciplinary Graduate Study Curricular and co-curricular opportunities for advanced study that crosses disciplinary boundaries
Theses and Dissertations Doctoral and Plan A document submission process
Policies and Procedures important documents relating to graduate students, mentoring, research, and teaching
Academic Programs Catalog Listing of academic programs, policies and related information
Traveling Scholar Doctoral students pursue studies at other BTAA institutions
Apply Now Graduate Departments review applicants based on their criteria and recommends admission to the Office of Admissions
International Applicants Application information specific to international students
PhD Public Data Ph.D. Program Admissions, Enrollments, Completions, Time to Degree, and Placement Data
Costs of Graduate School Tools to estimate costs involved with graduate education
Recruitment Awards Opportunities for departments to utilize recruitment funding
Readmission When enrollment is interrupted for three or more consecutive terms
Assistantships More than 3,000 assistantships are available to qualified graduate students
Fellowships Financial support to pursue graduate studies
Research Support Find funding for your research
Travel Funding Find funding to travel and present your research
External Funding Find funding outside of MSU sources
Workshops/Events Find opportunities provided by The Graduate School and others
Research Opportunities and programs for Research at MSU
Career Development Programs to help you get the career you want
Graduate Educator Advancement and Teaching Resources, workshops, and development opportunities to advance your preparation in teaching
Cohort Fellowship Programs Spartans are stronger together!
The Edward A. Bouchet Graduate Honor Society (BGHS) A national network society for students who have traditionally been underrepresented
Summer Research Opportunities Program (SROP) A gateway to graduate education at Big Ten Academic Alliance universities
Alliances for Graduate Education and the Professoriate (AGEP) A community that supports retention, and graduation of underrepresented doctoral students
Recruitment and Outreach Ongoing outreach activities by The Graduate School
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Funding Funding resources to recruit diverse students
Graduate Student Organizations MSU has over 900 registered student organizations
Grad School Office of Well-Being Collaborates with graduate students in their pursuit of their advanced degree and a well-balanced life
Housing and Living in MI MSU has an on and off-campus housing site to help find the perfect place to stay
Mental Health Support MSU has several offices and systems to provide students with the mental health support that they need
Spouse and Family Resources MSU recognizes that students with families have responsibilities that present challenges unique to this population
Health Insurance Health insurance info for graduate student assistants and students in general at MSU
Safety and Security MSU is committed to cultivating a safe and inclusive campus community characterized by a culture of safety and respect
Why Mentoring Matters To Promote Inclusive Excellence in Graduate Education at MSU
Guidelines Guidelines and tools intended to foster faculty-graduate student relationships
Toolkit A set of resources for support units, faculty and graduate students
Workshops Workshops covering important topics related to mentor professional development
About the Graduate School We support graduate students in every program at MSU
Strategic Plan Our Vision, Values, Mission, and Goals
Social Media Connect with the Graduate School!
History Advancing Graduate Education at MSU for over 25 years
Staff Directory
Driving Directions

PhD Salaries and Lifetime Earnings

PhDs employed across job sectors show impressive earning potential:

“…[T]here is strong evidence that advanced education levels continue to be associated with higher salaries. A study by the Georgetown Center on Education and the Workforce showed that across the fields examined, individuals with a graduate degree earned an average of 38.3% more than those with a bachelor’s degree in the same field. The expected lifetime earnings for someone without a high school degree is $973,000; with a high school diploma, $1.3 million; with a bachelor’s degree, $2.3 million; with a master’s degree, $2.7 million; and with a doctoral degree (excluding professional degrees), $3.3 million. Other data indicate that the overall unemployment rate for individuals who hold graduate degrees is far lower than for those who hold just an undergraduate degree.” - Pathways Through Graduate School and Into Careers , Council of Graduate Schools (CGS) and Educational Testing Service (ETS), pg. 3.

Average salaries by educational level and degree (data from the US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2009-2011, courtesy of the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce):




AGRICULTURE and NATURAL RESOURCES	52000	63000	79000	83000	9385	2174	620	571
ARCHITECTURE	63000	71000	78000	73000	3597	1470	294	68
ARTS	46000	55000	65000	67000	17693	4257	579	447
BUSINESS	62000	83000	102000	94000	137905	32908	5392	1201
COMMUNICATIONS and JOURNALISM	50000	61000	84000	72000	28938	6479	1260	473
COMPUTERS and MATHEMATICS	73000	90000	90000	104000	30666	11873	986	1557
CONSUMER SERVICES and INDUSTRIAL ARTS	63000	84000	94000	83000	4204	584	65	33
EDUCATION	42000	56000	63000	73000	39185	30819	2371	1397
ENGINEERING	79000	101000	104000	107000	44297	22903	2090	3831
HEALTH	63000	77000	103000	98000	32807	9492	4073	2051
HUMANITIES and LIBERAL ARTS	47000	59000	99000	69000	38955	19013	7414	3408
LAW AND PUBLIC POLICY	52000	65000	89000	84000	14350	3049	994	192
PSYCHOLOGY and SOCIAL WORK	43000	56000	83000	78000	23192	16036	2945	2624
RECREATION	45000	58000	75000	73000	5004	1493	310	199
SCIENCE--LIFE/PHYSICAL	54000	73000	125000	89000	28075	14646	13187	9868
SOCIAL SCIENCE	57000	75000	105000	90000	32617	14167	7566	1971

The Bureau of Labor and Statistics reports higher earnings and lower unemployment rates for doctoral degree holders in comparison to those with master’s and bachelor’s degrees:

According to national studies, more education translates not only to higher earnings, but also higher levels of job success and job satisfaction:

“Educational attainment – the number of years a person spends in school – strongly predicts adult earnings, and also predicts health and civic engagement. Moreover, individuals with higher levels of education appear to gain more knowledge and skills on the job than do those with lower levels of education and they are able, to some extent, to transfer what they learn across occupations.” - Education for Life and Work (2012), National Research Council of the National Academies, pg. 66.

Call us: (517) 353-3220
Contact Information
Privacy Statement
Site Accessibility
Call MSU: (517) 355-1855
Visit: msu.edu
MSU is an affirmative-action, equal-opportunity employer.
Notice of Nondiscrimination
Spartans Will.

Supported by

Trump and Harris Neck and Neck After Summer Upheaval, Times/Siena Poll Finds

The survey finds that Donald J. Trump is retaining his support and that, on the eve of the debate, voters are unsure they know enough about where Kamala Harris stands.

Share full article

The New York Times/Siena College Poll

Sept. 3 to 6

If the 2024 presidential election were held today, who would you vote for if the candidates were Kamala Harris and Donald Trump ?

Kamala Harris

Donald Trump

Among likely voters. Shaded areas represent the margin of error.

By Jonathan Weisman and Ruth Igielnik

Former President Donald J. Trump and Vice President Kamala Harris enter the homestretch of the campaign in a tight race, and with their only scheduled debate looming on Tuesday, Ms. Harris faces a sizable share of voters who still say they need to know more about her.

A national poll of likely voters by The New York Times and Siena College found Mr. Trump leading Ms. Harris, 48 percent to 47 percent, within the poll’s three-percentage-point margin of error and largely unchanged from a Times/Siena poll taken in late July just after President Biden dropped his re-election bid. Mr. Trump may have had a rough month following the president’s departure and amid the burst of excitement that Ms. Harris brought Democrats, but the poll suggests his support remains remarkably resilient.

[The result is surprising, Nate Cohn writes . But it’s also plausible the poll is the first to capture a shift back toward Donald Trump.]

The national results are in line with polls in the seven battleground states that will decide the presidential election, where Ms. Harris is tied with Mr. Trump or holds slim leads, according to New York Times polling averages . Taken together, they show a tight race that remains either candidate’s to win or lose.

New York Times swing state polling averages

Wisconsin ›, michigan ›, pennsylvania ›, nevada ›, georgia ›, north carolina ›, arizona ›.

Only a little over eight weeks remain in the shortest presidential election in modern American history. Both candidates have scant opportunity to shift the electorate, but for Mr. Trump, opinions are largely fixed. Ms. Harris is still unknown to many.

How the Times/Siena poll compares

	Harris	Trump	Margin
Times/Siena Likely voters Sept. 3–6	47%	48%	Trump +2
voters As of 5 a.m. Sept. 8	49%	47%	Harris +2
Fabrizio, Lee & Associates/GBAO/Wall Street Journal Registered voters Aug. 24–28	48%	47%	Harris +1
Quinnipiac University Likely voters Aug. 23–27	49%	48%	Harris +1
Ipsos/ABC News Likely voters Aug. 23–27	52%	46%	Harris +6

Regardless of how you might vote, do you trust Kamala Harris or Donald Trump to do a better job on each of the following issues:

The economy

Immigration

We are having trouble retrieving the article content.

Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.

Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and log into your Times account, or subscribe for all of The Times.

Thank you for your patience while we verify access.

Already a subscriber? Log in .

Want all of The Times? Subscribe .

Study Abroad Get upto 50% discount on Visa Fees
Top Universities & Colleges
Abroad Exams
Top Courses
Read College Reviews
Admission Alerts 2024
Education Loan
Institute (Counselling, Coaching and More)
Ask a Question
College Predictor
Test Series
Practice Questions
Course Finder
Scholarship
Netherlands
New Zealand
Study Guide

PhD in USA: Fees 2024, Top Colleges, Placements & Salaries

Jasmine Grover

Content Strategy Manager | Updated On - Apr 30, 2024

You must show your English proficiency by submitting scores for IELTS (7 to 7.5) and TOEFL (90 to 100). When pursuing your PhD in USA, you've got 10 years to wrap up your thesis even though the program is 6 years. The cost of a PhD in the USA can vary quite a bit, ranging from USD 24,800 to 80,390 (INR 20.6 Lakhs to 66.9 Lakhs) . Though it can be costly, a PhD in USA offers a great return on investment as you can earn salaries ranging from USD 59,506 to USD 92,179 .

Some top universities to aim for your PhD in the USA are MIT, Harvard University, Stanford University, and University of California, Berkeley. With a doctorate in hand, you can easily get a job at top-notch companies like Apple, Amazon, Microsoft, and more.

PhD in USA: Program Highlights

Popular PhD Courses in USA	Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering \| Ph.D. in Business Administration \| Ph.D. in Applied Physics \| Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering
Degree Requirement	4-year Bachelor’s degree Or Master’s degree in a relevant stream from a recognized university
GPA Requirement	2.7 to 3.9 on a scale of 4 (80 – 94%)
English Proficiency Requirements	IELTS: 7.0 to 7.5 overall score \| TOEFL iBT: 90 to 100 overall score
Annual Tuition Fees	USD 24,800 to 80,390 (INR 2.05 to 66.66 lakhs)
Annual Salary Range	USD 59,506 to 92,179 (INR 49.29 to 76.36 lakhs)
Top Recruiters	Apple, Amazon, CISCO, Microsoft, PayPal, Deloitte, EY, etc.

4.1
4.2
5.1
5.2

Top Universities for PhD in USA

When it comes to pursuing a PhD in USA, there's no shortage of top-notch universities to choose from. Here are a few universities that consistently rank high and offer exceptional programs:


1	Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)	PhD in Aeronautics and Astronautics \| PhD in Architecture \| Chemical Engineering PhD	December 2024 \|13 November 2024
4	Harvard University	Applied Mathematics \| Applied Physics \| Computer Science	15 December 2024
5	Stanford University	Learning Sciences \| Developmental and Psychological Sciences \| Data Science	1 December 2024
10	University of California, Berkeley	Applied Science & Technology \| Architecture \| Business Administration	4 December 2024 \| 1 December 2024
11	University of Chicago	Economics \| Accounting \| Finance	15 December 2024
12	University of Pennsylvania	Accounting \| Bioengineering \| Learning Sciences and Technologies	15 December 2024
13	Cornell University	Applied Mathematics \| Computer Science \| Electrical and Computer Engineering	15 December 2024
15	California Institute of Technology	Applied Physics \| Space Engineering	15 December 2024
16	Yale University	Applied Mathematics \| Applied Physics \| Architecture	15 December 2024
17	Princeton University	Computer Science \| Environmental Studies \| Mathematics	15 December 2024
23	Columbia University	Chemical Physics \| Architecture \| Economics	14 December 2024
28	John Hopkins University	Applied Mathematics and Statistics \| Computer Science	15 December 2024
33	University of Michigan	Computer and Information Sciences \| Industrial and Systems Engineering \| Mechanical Sciences and Engineering	1 December 2024 \| 15 December 2024
38	New York University	Data Science \| Physics	5 December 2024 \| 30 December 2024
47	Northwestern University	Finance \| Economics \| Clinical Psychology \| Health Sciences	15 December 2024
57	Duke University	Biological and Biomedical Sciences \| Humanities \| Physical Sciences and Engineering \| Social Sciences	December 2024
285	University of Arizona	Aerospace Engineering \| Applied Mathematics \| Audiology	1 January 2024

Why study PhD in USA?

Studying for a PhD in the USA is a top choice for many aspiring scholars. Here's why pursuing your doctoral studies in USA might be the best choice:

PhD in USA is offered by well-ranked and globally accredited universities such as Harvard, MIT, and Stanford.
You don't need to spend years working on a master's degree before you can pursue PhD in USA. Some universities in USA offer admission to the PhD program right after bachelor's.
USA universities offer PhD students generous stipends, scholarships, and fellowships, covering tuition fees and living costs.
The USA boasts a lower unemployment rate of only 3.9% compared to many other countries.
Over 280 universities in USA offer PhD programs for engineering, business, arts, or sciences.

The USA is a global innovation, technology, finance, and entertainment powerhouse. Whether you dream of working in Silicon Valley, Wall Street, or Hollywood, studying in the US puts you right in the middle of some of the world's most exciting hubs of opportunity.


Duration	3-5 years	3-6 years
Average Salary	USD 59,506 to 92,179 (INR 49.29 to 76.36 lakhs)	CAD 95,364 (INR 58.44 lakhs)
Qualification Required	Bachelors or Masters	Masters
Unemployability Rate	3.9%	5.7%

So, if you're ready to take your academic journey to the next level and set yourself up for success, a PhD in the USA could be the right choice.

Popular PhD in USA Programs for Indian Students

Some popular programs of PhD in USA for Indian students:-

Stream	Popular Programs	Popular Universities
Engineering	Aeronautics and Astronautics, Biochemical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering,	MIT, Harvard University, University of Pennsylvania, Yale University
Business and Management	Economics, Accounting, Marketing, Financial Economics, Organization and Management	Yale University, MIT, University of California, Berkeley
Science	Computer Science, Applied Physics, Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Cell Biology, Environmental Health Sciences, Mathematics	Princeton University, MIT, University of Michigan, The University of Arizona, Stanford University
Humanities	American Studies, History, Philosophy, Medieval Studies, Music, Religious Studies, Italian Studies	Yale University, University of California, Berkeley, Harvard University, Stanford University

Course Curriculum

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in USA is a popular degree sought after by many international students. It is considered the highest academic achievement in most fields of study. The PhD program in the USA consists of three main phases:

Coursework Phase: Involves advanced courses over 1 to 3 years to build foundational knowledge and research skills.
Preliminary Examination : Assess students' breadth of knowledge in their field after completing coursework.
Dissertation Phase : Lasts 2 to 8 years for independent research, culminating in a written dissertation.

The duration of the PhD program varies depending on the field of study and the student's academic background. On average, it takes 4 to 8 years to complete a PhD program after obtaining a bachelor's degree. However, students who already hold a master's degree may complete the program in a year or two less, depending on their prior coursework and research experience.

PhD in USA Admission

Admission to most universities in the USA remains open during December and January. Students must submit applications before the deadlines are passed. You can go through the sections below to check the eligibility criteria and other requirements for PhD in USA.

PhD in USA: Eligibility Criteria

As the entry requirements vary within the field of study, it becomes very difficult to group this data into a piece of the overall information. However, the following eligibility criteria are followed by a majority PhD universities in USA:-

4-year Bachelor’s degree or Master’s degree
A minimum GPA of 3 out of 4.
2 academic and 1 professional Letter of Recommendation (LOR)
A 500-750 word Statement of Purpose (SoP)
Updated Resume or CV
A valid passport
F-1 or J-1 US Student Visa
Valid Passport
Student Visa

PhD in USA: University Requirements

To get admission to PhD programs in the USA, students must have a minimum GPA of 2.7 to 3.9 based on various universities. Students must also have English language proficiency scores of IELTSand TOEFL. The various requirements for PhD admission in USA in some of the popular universities are tabulated as follows:-


Massachusetts Institute of Technology	3.8-3.9	7.0	100
Harvard University	3.0	7.5	100
Stanford University	B	7.5	100
University of California, Berkeley	3.0	7.0	90
University of Chicago	3.25	7.0-7.5	90-104
University of Pennsylvania	3.0	7.0	100
Cornell University	2.7	7.0	Speaking: 27+, Reading: 20+, Listening: 15+, Writing: 20+
California Institute of Technology	3.5	-	-
Yale University	3.7	7.5	-
Princeton University	3.8	-	-

Cost of PhD in USA

Students who wish to get admission to PhD courses in the USA must have enough funds to support their studies in the USA. Based on various top universities offering PhD courses, the total cost of study in the USA is around USD 70,573 to 1,26,163 (INR 58.47 lakhs to 10.45 million) including tuition fees and living costs.

PhD in USA Tuition Fee

The cost of PhD in USA varies with the specialisation or the preferred field of study. However, on average, the annual tuition fees range from USD 24,800 to 80,390 (INR 2.05 to 66.66 lakhs). The following table presents the university-wise distribution of the average tuition costs for opting PhD in USA:-


Massachusetts Institute of Technology	80,390	66.66 lakhs
Harvard University	54,032	44.76 lakhs
Stanford University	58,746	48.67 lakhs
University of California, Berkeley	37,022	30.67 lakhs
University of Chicago	70,056	58.04 lakhs
University of Pennsylvania	46,600	38.60 lakhs
Cornell University	24,800	2.05 lakhs
California Institute of Technology	63,402	52.53 lakhs
Yale University	48,300	40.01 lakhs
Princeton University	62,400	51.69 lakhs

Cost of Living in USA

USA is the most popular as well as the costliest study abroad destination for PhD in USA as well as other programs. This corresponds to the quality of education, safety, ambience, and health services the country offers. Based on some of the top universities in the USA, students admitted to PhD courses will face an average living cost of USD 45,773 (INR 37.92 lakhs) based on various parameters mentioned below.


Accommodation	24,043	19.92 lakhs
Meals	8,980	7.44 lakhs
Transportation	2,390	1.98 lakhs
Health Insurance	2,600	2.15 lakhs
Personal Expenses	7,760	6.42 lakhs
Total	45,773	37.92 lakhs

PhD in USA with Scholarship

At Universities in the USA, students are offered various scholarships and fellowships allowing students to ease their financial burden. You can check various fellowships offered by US universities in the table below.


Capitol Fellowship	United States Capitol Historical Society (USCHS)	Students enrolled in a doctoral program	30,000
Dissertation Year Fellowship	Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire	Students in the completion stage of their Ph.D. program	15,000
Newkirk Fellowship	National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)	Students must be enrolled full-time in a university graduate program having common interest with HAO research goals.	Varies
Guru Gobind Singh Fellowship Competition	University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC)	For graduates of Indian and Pakistani enrolled in PhD programs at UC.	30,000
Graduate Research Assistant Program	Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL)	Current graduate students working on doctoral dissertation with a GPA of 3.2 on a 4.0 scale	Varies
Research Awards in Educational Advancement	CASE Research Awards	Students working on doctoral dissertation	Varies
NVIDIA Research Graduate Fellowship	NVIDIA	Candidates must have completed the first year of their PhD	50,000
Google PhD fellowship	Google	Full-time graduate students pursuing a PhD in the research areas represented by the fellowships	Tuition fees+books+stipend

Also Check : Education Loans to Study in USA

PhD in USA Placements

After completing the Ph.D. program at Universities in the USA, students are offered various job profiles based on their field of study and research. The average salary offered for various job profiles listed below ranges from USD 59,506 to 92,179 (INR 49.29 to 76.36 lakhs).


Assistant Professor	74,670	61.85 lakhs
Business Analyst	67,503	55.92 lakhs
Biomedical Scientist	83,047	68.79 lakhs
Professor	92,179	76.36 lakhs
Economist	89,130	73.83 lakhs
Research Associate	59,506	49.29 lakhs

PhD in USA: Return on Investment

After completing the PhD programs in the USA, students are placed in various sectors. Graduates from US Universities receive an annual average salary ranging from USD 65,070 to 1,75,090 based on various top universities as mentioned below.


Massachusetts Institute of Technology	80,390	65,070
Harvard University	54,032	1,75,000
Stanford University	58,746	88,000
University of California, Berkeley	37,022	1,47,578
University of Chicago	70,056	77,000
University of Pennsylvania	46,600	88,900
Cornell University	24,800	1,15,891
California Institute of Technology	63,402	1,18,000
Yale University	48,300	76,359
Princeton University	62,400	1,03,000

The availability of stipends, scholarships, and fellowships allows students to pursue a PhD in USA without any financial pressure. With an unemployability rate of just 3.9%, the USA allows graduates to work in their core fields after completing the Ph.D. programs. Companies like Apple, Amazon, CISCO, Microsoft, etc. offer students a salary range of USD 59,506 to 92,179 (INR 49.29 to 76.36 lakhs) based on different job profiles.

Ques. How much does PhD cost in USA?

Ans. The cost of studying PhD in USA includes tuition costs and living costs as mentioned below.

Tuition cost for PhD in USA ranges from USD 24,800 to 80,390 (INR 2.05 to 66.66 lakhs)
Living costs for PhD in USA is around USD 45,773 (INR 37.92 lakhs).

Ques. How many years is PhD in USA?

Ans. Students enrolled in US universities have 10 years to complete their doctoral thesis, even though the course duration is 6 years .

Ques. What is the eligibility for PhD in USA?

Ans. To pursue PhD in USA, you must fulfil the below requirements.

Students must have a bachelors or masters degree in relevant field.
Students must have secured a GPA 2.7 to 3.9 on a scale of 4 (80-94%).
Students must have valid scores of IELTS 7.0-7.5, TOEFL 90-100, etc.

Furthermore, for some of the specialisations, candidates will be required to submit GMAT or GRE scores.

Ques. Can I work while pursuing a PhD in USA?

Ans. Individuals pursuing a PhD in USA are allowed to work for a maximum of 20 hours per week on a part-time basis. They may start full-time working during vacations or holidays.

Ques. What are the top PhD programs to study in USA?

Ans. The following are some of the popular streams for pursuing a PhD in USA:-

Engineering
Biological Sciences

Ques. What can I do after completing a PhD in USA?

Ans. After pursuing a Ph.D. program in USA candidates may work under the following job profiles:-

Research Scientist
Data Analyst
Assistant Research Engineer
Teaching Assistant Professor
Field Biologist
Economist, etc.

Ques. Is post graduation necessary for pursuing PhD in USA?

Ans. For a majority of institutions, post graduation or a Master’s degree is not required for studying PhD in USA. Only an undergraduate degree with at least a 3.0 GPA (85%) is sufficient for applying to these colleges.

Ques. What is the salary after PhD in USA?

Ans. Graduates of PhD programs in USA can earn an impressive average annual salary ranging from USD 55,200 to USD 101,100 (INR 45.5 Lakhs to INR 83.4 Lakhs).

Dentistry in USA: Fees 2024, Top Colleges, Placements & Sala...

Dentistry in USA is a 4-5 year long program available as a Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS) or Doctor of Dental Medicine (DMD). DDS and DMD have similar...

MS in Business Analytics in USA: Top Colleges, Eligibility, ...

MS in Business Analytics in USA is a 8-12 months graduate degree program for international students. Prospective students must demonstrate a 3-4 year ...

MBA in USA Without Work Experience: Universities and Require...

Are you interested in pursuing an MBA from USA, but do not have enough work experience? You can get an MBA in USA without work experience at universit...

MS in Artificial Intelligence (AI) in USA

MS in Artificial Intelligence in USA is a 1.5 to 2 years master's program in the field of Computer Science & Technology. To get admission to the MS in...

MS in Data Analytics in USA: Top Universities, Fees & Job Pr...

Masters in Data Analytics in USA: Data Analytics is a growing field with promising career opportunities for aspirants. The job market for data analyst...

Masters in Cyber Security in USA: Top Universities, Fees & J...

Masters in Cyber Security in USA is a 1 to 2-year post-graduate program that prepares professionals for leadership roles in cybersecurity and informat...

MS in Construction Management in USA: Universities, Fees, an...

Aspirants willing to advance the skills required to take on all the on-site tasks of a construction project, show interest in studying MS in Construct...

Masters in Architecture in USA: Fees, Deadlines, Eligibility...

Masters in Architecture in USA is a 2-3 years program preparing graduates for numerous roles in the field of Architecture. Indian students require a m...

SUBSCRIBE TO OUR NEWS LETTER

Follow University of Limerick on Facebook
Follow University of Limerick on X/Twitter
Follow University of Limerick on Instagram
Follow University of Limerick on LinkedIn
Follow University of Limerick on YouTube
Follow University of Limerick on TikTok
Search University of Limerick website

Ireland’s youngest female councillor graduates from University of Limerick

A woman in a red dress wearing a black graduation cap and gown standing in front of a white building.

Newly elected Clare County Councillor, Rachel Hartigan credits her success to working twice as hard as the average candidate, as she graduated from University of Limerick today (Thursday) with a Bachelor of Arts in European Studies .

Aged 22, Cllr Hartigan might be the youngest female councillor in the country, but she is no stranger to politics, having studied it in UL, been an active member of Ógra Fianna Fáil, and interned for Clare TD Cathal Crowe.

It was during her summer internship with Deputy Crowe that Rachel first considered running in the local elections.

“I never would have seen myself running for elected politics”, she explained, “but working in Cathal's office, a lot of the queries coming in were what I would imagine a local councillor should really be dealing with.

“And that's when I realised I didn't know who my local councillor was, which seemed bizarre because I'm a politics student, interning in my TD's office, so I'm politically engaged.

“And there's a lot that a local councillor deals with that has a huge impact on people's day-to-day lives, and I felt like we were really missing that strong voice.”

Cllr Hartigan also credits a lack of representation amongst local councillors as a key factor that “spurred” her to action: “I think the median age of a councillor in Ireland is somewhere in the 70s bracket and I felt like that was extremely unfair.

“When we look at why younger people don't come out in droves to vote a lot of the time, what stood out to me was we can't identify with our politicians.

“We don't feel like they speak for us and they don't take the time to get to know what our issues are and what's important to us.

“We're kind of written off and cast aside a lot of the time, and that really spurred me to action as well.”

Rachel was one of more than 3,600 students to graduate at UL this week, and as a first-time local representative, she said her degree in European Studies has “without a doubt” helped to prepare her for her new role.

“I could probably go through reams of actual content and papers and academic research that I did, I could give you exact examples that will come into play now in my role, but the main thing is critical thinking. It is the ability to be open minded and have the skills to do your own research, that is the biggest thing.

“Because there is no guidebook, there is no induction to becoming a councillor, so I'm dealing with queries on housing, medical cards, roads, and footpaths, it's a broad range of issues and I've just started, so having the skills to be able to research properly and effectively and efficiently is huge and I genuinely wouldn't be able to do what I'm doing now had I not learned those really important research skills in UL.

“Obviously studying politics comes into it but in terms of the other subjects I studied, my time studying marketing was hugely helpful, particularly in planning the campaign.

“It was massively beneficial to have an understanding of consumer culture and behavior and being able to approach social media strategically, not just throwing something up for the sake of it. And they're all skills and habits that I picked up in my time as a student in UL.”

Commenting on the landscape for a young woman running an election campaign, Cllr Hartigan said: “I did get a lot of ‘Oh you'll get elected because you're a woman, so you'll get the woman vote or you'll get elected because you're a young person.’

“I got elected because I worked my ass off, that's why I got elected.

“There wasn't an army of young people or an army of women heading to the polling station for me, that's just not what happened, as much as that would have been really cool to see.

“I got elected because I was canvassing for six or seven hours a day, I was on top of my social media, I was planning and hosting public meetings.

“I was doing all of the things that you need to do to win, but I was working twice as hard as the average candidate because I had a lot to prove because I am a young woman, so it doesn't make it easier to run as a woman or a young person like some people suggest.

“You actually have to prove yourself twice as much, and that's not fair, but I think the only way that that will change is if we get more women in and more young people in.”

Cllr Hartigan credits the support of her family and lecturers in helping her throughout her election campaign.

“My lecturer Dr Scott Fitzsimmons was very supportive, as was course director Dr Xosé Boan, who advised me to watch myself and my own mental health and well-being as well.

“Sometimes you get these grand ideas and you're just all go, all the time and you forget to take the time to mind yourself, so I was really glad to have been told that.”

Rachel does not hail from a political family, with her mother Rosaleen working as a medical secretary and her father Paul the Chief Information Officer for Electric Ireland Superhomes. However, that did not stop Paul from taking on the role of campaign manager.

“We both learned together and he came out with me every single night, as did my mom. I could not have done it without them,” explained Rachel.

“Obviously, the focus and the attention is on the candidate, but behind the scenes nobody does it alone, your family has to be on board.

“It's a huge, massive team effort and for all the work that I was doing with my final year in UL and campaigning, they were out canvassing with me just as much, spending just as many hours at the doors.”

A native of Parteen, Co. Clare, Rachel attended Parteen National School and now represents the Shannon Electoral Area.

Reflecting on achieving the two major milestones of graduating university and winning her first election, she said it hasn’t fully sunk in yet.

“I really felt like I was a campaign/Final Year Project robot, and it’s only the last few weeks I've had time to sit and process and reflect.

“You never really look at your own accomplishments and achievements and say ‘oh my God, that was really good’. I think Irish people in particular, and women too, are really bad at giving themselves a pat on the back, even when it's well deserved.

“I'm trying to take in the huge accomplishment, but it's hard to come out and say that and to even feel it, so that's something I'm working on at the moment, giving myself a little pat on the back.”

COMMENTS

How Long Does It Take to Get a Ph.D. Degree?
How Long Does It Take to Get a Ph.D. Degree
PhD in USA
A PhD in USA takes approximately 5 - 6 years of full-time study and can cost between $12,000 - $45,000 per academic year. ... Note: In 2024, the average PhD stipend in USA is $28,000 per year, but can range from anywhere between $10,000 to $45,000 per year depending on your scholarship and whether you are on an assistantship. Some PhD ...
How Long Does It Take To Get a PhD?
How Long Does It Take To Get a PhD?
Doctoral Program Statistics : Graduate School
Average Admit Rate. ... For Master's/PhD students, time-to-degree starts when they begin the PhD phase of their studies. If a student was enrolled in a master's program prior to matriculating in the doctoral program, the separate time in the master's program is not included. ... New York state, and the United States of America.
How Long Does It Take to Get a PhD in 2024?
Average Duration: On a global scale, a PhD program often spans between 5 to 7 years. This period includes coursework, research, and the writing and defense of a dissertation. However, it's important to note that this duration can vary significantly.
How Long Does it Take to Get a PhD? A Go-Getter's Guide
How Long Does it Take to Get a PhD? A Go-Getter's Guide
Average Time To Obtain A Ph.D.
The psychology field averages five to seven years. New doctoral students in the fields of history or english can expect to spend eight years completing the degree. Some fields of study require a significantly longer degree process. For example, in the field of education, the current average is 13 years.
How Long Does It Take to Earn a PhD?
Average PhD completion by focus. According to data from the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics the average time in years from graduate school entry to doctorate it took students to receive their degree in 2020 in certain fields is listed below. Life sciences = 6.9 years; Physical sciences and earth sciences = 6.3 years
Median years to complete a doctorate U.S. 2021
Aug 22, 2024. In 2021, doctoral students needed on average 7.3 years after starting graduate school to complete their doctorate. On average, they needed 8.7 years since their Bachelor's degree to ...
How long does a PhD take in the United States? [duplicate]
For US PhD recipients in 2018, the median years between starting graduate school and earning a doctorate was 7.3. ... The average time in Europe is probably similar but of course statistics will split it between Master's degree and PhD. - user9482. Commented Jul 17, 2020 at 7:58
Study in the USA: the ultimate guide for a PhD in 2025
The Ultimate Guide to Studying in United States in 2024
Studying a PhD in The USA: The Complete Guide
Studying a PhD in The USA: The Complete Guide
united states
I am trying to find out what the average duration of PhD studies are in the USA. Here in Spain it used to be 4 years, but it seems that Europe is moving towards a 3-year scheme since students are . ... Keep in mind that, in many fields, the time to PhD in the US also includes the coursework (master's) component, so the research phase can be ...
How Long Does It Take to Get a Ph.D. Degree?
According to the Survey of Earned Doctorates, a census of recent research doctorate recipients who earned their degree from U.S. institutions, the median amount of time it took individuals who received their doctorates in 2017 to complete their program was 5.8 years. However, there are many types of programs that typically take longer than six ...
Studying PhD in the USA 2024- 2025: Your Complete Guide
1. Course Length of PhD in the USA. Students prefer to earn their degree in the USA for the flexibility of the PhD programs in the USA for international students in 2023. The duration of your PhD in the country may vary from program to program. The maximum no. of years a part-time doctoral student spends is ten years.
Doctoral Completion & Time-to-degree
Methodology & Definitions. Time-to-Degree. Time-to-degree is the length of time in years from the first day of the student's first term of enrollment in their doctoral program to the day of their degree conferral. Time-to-degree measures elapsed time only, not enrolled time. It does not stop and start if a student takes a leave of absence.
PDF Trends in Physics PhDs
period of 2002 to 2010 was the only time in which US institutions conferred more physics PhDs to non-US citizens than to US citizens (see Figure 1). The average number of physics PhDs awarded by departments varies considerably (see Figure 2). Half of the PhD-granting physics departments awarded an average of six or fewer PhDs, and
2023 FACTS: Enrollment, Graduates, and MD-PhD Data
MD-PhD Matriculants to U.S. Medical Schools by Race/Ethnicity and State of Legal Residence, 2023-2024: PDF: Excel: B-10: MCAT Scores and GPAs for MD-PhD Applicants and Matriculants to U.S. Medical Schools, 2019-2020 through 2023-2024: PDF: Excel: B-11.1: Total MD-PhD Enrollment by U.S. Medical School and Gender, 2014-2015 through 2018-2019: PDF ...
PhD in USA: Fees 2024, Top Colleges, Placements & Salaries
A PhD in USA is a 3 to 6 year full time program offered in popular specialisations such as Engineering, Applied Sciences, Computer Science, and Management. To get admission to the PhD program, you need a bachelor's degree with a GPA of 2.7 to 3.9 on a 4.0 scale or a Master's degree in the relevant stream. What distinguishes PhD in America from other countries is that you don't necessarily ...
How Much Does a Ph.D. Cost?
On average, the total cost comes out to $40,900 per year, including tuition and living expenses. [1] Students typically take 4-8 years to finish a Ph.D. program, so a doctoral degree can cost anywhere from $163,600-$327,200 before grants and assistantships. But you won't necessarily end up paying that total cost yourself.
All Departments: PhD Time to Degree Statistics
All Departments: PhD Time to Degree Statistics
PhD Salaries and Lifetime Earnings
PhD Salaries and Lifetime Earnings | The Graduate School
There Are 4 Dividend Kings That Are Also in the Dow Jones ...
Throw in Coke's stable and growing dividend with a solid 2.7% yield, and the stock isn't a particularly bad choice even though it's up considerably in a short period of time. Investors know what ...
Trump and Harris Neck and Neck After Summer Upheaval, Times/Siena Poll
The Times's polling average is as of 5 a.m. Eastern on Sept. 8. ... it was the first time in my entire life I was like, I don't know if I can vote this year," said Carol Ploeger, 68, of ...
PhD in USA: Fees 2024, Top Colleges, Placements & Salaries
PhD in USA: Fees 2024, Top Colleges, Placements & ...
Ireland's youngest female councillor graduates from University of
Newly elected Clare County Councillor, Rachel Hartigan credits her success to working twice as hard as the average candidate, as she graduated from University of Limerick today (Thursday) with a Bachelor of Arts in European Studies. Aged 22, Cllr Hartigan might be the youngest female councillor in the country, but she is no stranger to politics, having studied it in UL, been an active member ...

Why Do a PhD in USA?

Universities in USA

Method of Study

Teaching Requirements

Research Flexibility

PhD Admission Requirements in USA

How to Apply for PhD in USA

Application Deadlines and Fees

Funding your PhD in USA

PhD Duration in USA

Cost of a PhD in USA

Browse PhDs Now

/images/cornell/logo35pt_cornell_white.svg" alt="average phd time in usa"> Cornell University --> Graduate School

Methodology and Definitions

Average Admit Rate

Average Completion Rate

Status of Students in Each Recent Entering Cohort

Time to Degree (TTD)

How Long Does It Take to Get a PhD?

Introduction

Upcoming Events

Recent Posts

How Long Does it Take to Get a PhD?: A Go-Getter’s Guide to Graduation

Article Contents 13 min read

Application Stage

1. Research proposal

2. Application materials

PhD Years 1-3: Coursework Stage

2. Coursework

3. Electives

4. Extracurriculars

5. Comprehensive exams

1. Thesis proposal

2. Thesis approval

3. PhD research

4. Extra requirements

5. Thesis submission and preparation for thesis defense

6. Thesis defense

Graduation and Postdoc

#1 Enroll in an accelerated program

#2 Choose the right mentor

#3 Earn credit hours faster

#4 Keep your thesis focused

#5 Develop your professional skills fast

#6 Keep to your schedule

#7 Take initiative and be independent

Want more free tips? Subscribe to our channels for more free and useful content!

Like our blog? Write for us ! >>

FREE Training Webinar:

Student-centric advice and objective recommendations

How Long Does It Take to Earn a PhD?

What is a PhD?

Why get a PhD?

How long does it take to earn a PhD?

Why earning a PhD takes years to earn

Comprehensive examinations

Dissertation

Average PhD timeline

Average PhD completion by focus

How to finish your PhD is less time

Work on your dissertation throughout the program

Maintain regular communication with your advisor

Seek feedback early and often

Maintain a healthy school-life balance

Key Takeaways

Start your scholarship search

Frequently asked questions about how long it takes to earn a PhD

10 Tips for Successful College Applications

Coalition vs. Common App: What is the difference?

College Application Deadlines 2024-2025: What You Need to Know

How to Convert Your GPA to a 4.0 Scale

PSAT to SAT Score Conversion: Predict Your Score

What are Public Ivy League Schools?

Median number of years needed to complete a doctorate degree in the United States from 1995 to 2021

Other statistics on the topic Higher education graduation in the U.S.

Statistics on " Higher education graduation in the U.S. "

Other statistics that may interest you Higher education graduation in the U.S.

Further Content: You might find this interesting as well

Studying a PhD in The USA - The Complete Guide

1. PhD course length