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representation
The act or process of presenting or depicting something in a particular way. "The film director aimed to provide an authentic representation of a historical event."
It involves creating a visual, auditory, or conceptual portrayal that stands in for or symbolizes an object, idea, or concept. Representations can take various forms, such as images, symbols, words, or models, and are often used to convey information, convey meaning, or communicate complex ideas. They serve as a means of understanding and interpreting the world around us, allowing us to make sense of abstract or intangible concepts by giving them a tangible form. Representations are fundamental in fields like art, literature, mathematics, and science, where they enable us to grasp and communicate complex concepts, relationships, and phenomena. They play a crucial role in human cognition, enabling us to perceive, analyze, and communicate our experiences, knowledge, and perspectives effectively.
1. The artist used vibrant colors in her representation of a serene landscape. 2. The lawyer argued that the defendant's confession was not an accurate representation of the events. 3. The company hired a marketing agency to create a visually appealing representation of their brand. 4. The map provided a clear representation of the hiking trails in the national park. 5. The statue was a remarkable representation of the city's cultural heritage. 6. The painting served as a powerful representation of the artist's emotions.
The noun ' representation ' draws its etymological roots from the Latin word 'representatio,' which is a combination of 're,' meaning 'again' or 'back,' and 'presentatio,' derived from 'praesentare,' meaning 'to present' or 'to show.' In Latin, 'representatio' signified the act of presenting something again or depicting it in a particular manner. As the term evolved into English, it retained this fundamental concept, referring to the act or process of presenting or depicting something in a specific way. The etymology of ' representation ' underscores the idea of showing or presenting something anew, emphasizing how information or concepts can be conveyed through visual, symbolic, or verbal means to convey a particular perspective or portrayal.
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1. The graph provided a visual representation of the data trends. 2. The actor's portrayal of the character was a true representation of his talent. 3. The museum displayed an extensive representation of ancient artifacts. 4. The political party claimed to be a true representation of the people's interests. 5. The teacher used a diagram as a representation to explain the complex scientific concept. 6. The painting offered a vivid representation of a sun-drenched landscape. 7. Legal representation is essential in complex court cases. 8. The sculpture provided a striking representation of human emotion. 9. The committee discussed fair representation in the election. 10. Her speech was a powerful representation of women's rights. 11. The map provides a clear representation of geographical features. 12. The movie's casting was criticized for a lack of diversity in representation . 13. The data visualization offered a graphical representation of trends. 14. Art has the power to offer abstract representation of feelings. 15. The student's project included a detailed representation of the solar system. 16. The novel's characters serve as a representation of different personality types. 17. The exhibit featured an interactive representation of ancient history. 18. In democracy, representation of the people's voices is paramount. 19. The documentary explored the media's representation of political events. 20. The museum displayed a historical representation of the local culture. 21. Accurate representation in textbooks is crucial for education. 22. The artist's portfolio showcases a wide range of artistic representations. 23. Fair representation in decision-making is essential for social justice. 24. The infographic provided a simplified representation of complex data. 25. His artwork challenged traditional representations of beauty.
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Literary and Artistic Elements, Choices and Decisions, Discourse and Conveyance
embodiment,exhibit,expression,portrayal,symbol
depiction, misrepresentation, distortion, falsification
eb68db_c02cdae26af643f690fae0862cdb6dae.mp3
depiction,illustration,image,interpretation,manifestation,reflection,rendering
(Entry 1 of 2)
transitive verb
intransitive verb
Definition of re-present (Entry 2 of 2)
These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'represent.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.
Middle English, from Anglo-French representer , from Latin repraesentare , from re- + praesentare to present
14th century, in the meaning defined at transitive sense 1
1564, in the meaning defined above
reprehensory
“Represent.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/represent. Accessed 31 Jul. 2024.
Kids definition of represent, legal definition, legal definition of represent, more from merriam-webster on represent.
Nglish: Translation of represent for Spanish Speakers
Britannica English: Translation of represent for Arabic Speakers
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There are 19 meanings listed in OED's entry for the noun representation , three of which are labelled obsolete. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definitions, usage, and quotation evidence.
representation has developed meanings and uses in subjects including
1750 | 31 |
1760 | 40 |
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1790 | 49 |
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1820 | 48 |
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British english, u.s. english, where does the noun representation come from.
Earliest known use
Middle English
The earliest known use of the noun representation is in the Middle English period (1150—1500).
OED's earliest evidence for representation is from around 1450, in St. Elizabeth of Spalbeck .
representation is of multiple origins. Either (i) a borrowing from French. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin.
Etymons: French representation ; Latin repraesentātiōn- , repraesentātiō .
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Pronunciation, compounds & derived words, entry history for representation, n.¹.
representation, n.¹ was revised in December 2009.
representation, n.¹ was last modified in June 2024.
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In his interview with Eve Bearne, Gunther Kress argues that literacy is “that which is about representation” (Kress, in Bearne, 2005, p. 288). Because “literacy” implies something that is mediated through text, in my previous post I questioned the idea of what constitutes a “text.” After further consideration, I feel that representation is the key; therefore, for the purposes of this post I have decided to pursue representation a bit further.
The following two graphics provide a visual model for the way I have come to understand representation through various readings (most notably, those by cultural theorist Stuart Hall). Although these models represent the culmination of my understanding, I thought it would be helpful to begin with these models and then proceed to deconstruct and explain them throughout the post.
Model 1: Theories of Representation
Cultural theorist Stuart Hall describes representation as the process by which meaning is produced and exchanged between members of a culture through the use of language, signs and images which stand for or represent things (Hall, 1997). However, there are several different theories that describe how language is used to represent the world; three of which are outlined above: reflective, intentional and constructionist.
With reflective approach to representation, language is said to function like a mirror; it reflects the true meaning of an object, person, idea or event as it already exists in the world. The Greek word ‘ mimesis’ is used for this purpose to describe how language imitates (or “mimics”) nature. Essentially, the reflective theory proposes that language works by simply reflecting or imitating a fixed “truth” that is already present in the real world (Hall, 1997).
The intentional approach argues the opposite, suggesting that the speaker or author of a particular work imposes meaning onto the world through the use of language. Words mean only what their author intends them to mean. This is not to say that authors can go making up their own private languages; communication – the essence of language – depends on shared linguistic conventions and shared codes within a culture. The author’s intended meanings/messages have to follow these rules and conventions in order to be shared and understood (Hall, 1997).
The constructionist approach (sometimes referred to as the constructivist approach) recognizes the social character of language and acknowledges that neither things in themselves nor the individual users of language can fix meaning (Hall, 1997). Meaning is not inherent within an object itself, rather we construct meaning using systems of representation (concepts and signs); I will elaborate upon these systems further in my second model. According to Hall:
“Constructivists do not deny the existence of the material world. However, it is not the material world which conveys meaning: it is the language system or whatever system we are using to represent our concepts. It is social actors who use the conceptual systems of their culture and the linguistic and other representational systems to construct meaning, to make the world meaningful and to communicate about that world meaningfully to others.” (Hall, 1997, p. 25)
There are two major variants of the constructionist approach: the semiotic approach, which was largely influenced by the Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, and the discursive approach, which is associated with French philosopher Michel Foucault.
Semiotics is the study of signs in a culture (culture as language), though the semiotic approach doesn’t consider how, when or why language is used. Saussure believed that language was a rule-governed system that could be studied with the law-like precision of a science (deemed “structuralism”). He called this rule-governed structure “ la langue,” and referred to individual language acts as “ la parole” (Culler, 1976). Many found Saussure’s model appealing because they felt it offered a closed, structured, scientific approach to “the least scientific object of inquiry – culture” (Culler, 1976, p. 29).
“Saussure’s great achievement was to force us to focus on language itself, as a social fact; on the process of representation itself; on how language actually works and the role it plays in the production of meaning. In doing so, he saved language from the status of a mere transparent medium between things and meaning . He showed, instead, that representation was a practice .” (Hall, 1997, p. 34)
With the semiotic approach, in addition to words and images, objects themselves can function as signifiers in the production of meaning (Hall, 1997). Therefore from this perspective, going back to my previous post, my little book of plant pressings may in fact be considered a text since each little plant was chosen as a representative of an entire species. Because they were being used to represent certain species, it is not the actual plant clipping itself that carries the meaning, rather it is the symbolic function it serves in generalizing the morphology, physiology, taxonomy etc.
What Saussure failed to address, however, were questions related to power in language (Hall, 1997). Cultural theorists eventually rejected the idea that language could be studied with law-like precision, mainly because language doesn’t operate within a “closed” system as Saussure suggests. In a culture, language tends to operate across larger units of analysis – narratives, statements, groups of images, and whole discourses which operate across a variety of texts and areas of knowledge (Hall, 1997).
Michel Foucault used the word “ representation ” to refer to the production of knowledge (rather than just meaning) through the use of discourses (rather than just language) (Foucault, 1980). His conception of “discourse” was less concerned about whether things exist, as it was with where meaning comes from. Discourse is always context-dependent.
J.P. Gee uses the concept of Discourse to describe the “distinctive ways of speaking, listening, reading and writing, coupled with distinctive ways of acting, interacting, valuing, feeling, dressing, thinking, believing with other people and with various object, tools, and technologies so as to enact specific socially recognizable identities engaged in specific socially recognizable activities” (Gee, 2008, p. 155). As Foucault suggests in The Archaeology of Knowledge, “nothing has meaning outside of discourse” (Foucault, 1972).
Additionally, for Foucault the formation of discourses had the potential to sustain a “regime of truth” in a particular context. No form of thought could claim absolute truth, because “truth” was all relative; knowledge, linked to power, can make itself true .
“Here I believe one’s point of reference should not be the great model of language (langue) and signs, but that of war and battle. The history which bears and determines us has the form of a war rather than that of a language: relations of power not relations of meaning” (Foucault, 1980, p. 114-115)
Model 2: Systems of Representation
Meaning is always produced within language; it is the practice of representation, constructed through signifying. As described in the previous section, the “real world” itself does not convey meaning. Instead, meaning-making relies two different but related systems of representation: concepts and language .
Concepts are our mental representations of real-world phenomena. They may be constructed from physical, material objects that we can perceive through our senses (e.g. a chair, a flower, a tangerine), or they may be abstract things that we cannot directly see, feel, or touch (e.g. love, war, culture). In our minds, we organize, cluster, arrange and classify different concepts and build complex schema to describe the relations between them (Hall, 1997).
If we have a concept for something, we can say we know its meaning , but we cannot communicate this meaning without the second system of representation: language . Language can include written or spoken words, but it can also include visual images, gestures, body language, music, or other stimuli such as traffic lights (Hall, 1997). It is important to note that language is completely arbitrary, often bearing little resemblance to the things to which they refer. As Stuart Hall describes:
“Trees would not mind if we used the word SEERT – ‘trees’ written backwards – to represent the concept of them… it is not at all clear that real trees know that they are trees, and even less clear that they know that the word in English which represents the concept of themselves is written TREE whereas in French it is written ARBRE! As far as they are concerned, it could just as well be written COW or VACHE or indeed XYZ” (Hall, 1997, p. 21)
Codes govern the translation between concepts and language . These codes are culturally constructed and stabilize meanings within different languages and cultures. (Note: although meanings can be stabilized within a culture, they are never finally fixed. Social and linguistic conventions change over time as cultures evolve).
Saussure referred to the form , or the language used to refer to a concept, as “ the signifier,” and the corresponding idea it triggered in your head (the concept ) as “ the signified .” Together, these constituted “ the sign,” which he argued “are members of a system and are defined in relation to the other members of that system” (Culler, 1976, p. 19).
In order to produce meaning, signifiers have to be organized into a system of differences (Hall, 1997). For example, it is not the particular colours used in a traffic light that carries meaning – red, yellow, green, blue, pink, violet or vermillion are all arbitrary. What matters instead is that they are different and can be distinguished from one another. It is the difference between Red and Green which signifies – not the colours themselves, or even the words used to describe them (Hall, 1997).
Therefore, going back to my plant pressings dilemma, I am now inclined to argue that my book of plant clippings is in fact a text. My wild rose clipping, for example, serves as a material “ signifier ” to represent the concept of “ wild rose-ness ” (the idea ) through its physiological differences to the other plants contained in the book. Meaning is made through the fact that it represents wild roses – even though I could have chosen any other wild rose plant from which to take my representative sample. The book itself is transportable and no longer tied to its immediate context of production, which was an important criterion for Lankshear and Knobel’s definition.
However, after compiling this research on representation , I have also come to understand that the definition of “text” is less important than its interpretation:
“There is a necessary and inevitable imprecision about language… There is a constant sliding of meaning in all interpretation, a margin – something in excess of what we intend to say – in which other meanings overshadow the statement or the text; where other associations are awakened to life, giving what we say a different twist. So interpretation becomes an essential aspect of the process by which meaning is given and taken” (Hall, 1997, p. 32-33).
___________________________
References:
Bearne, E. (2005). Interview with Gunther Kress. Discourse: studies in the cultural politics of education. 26(3):287-299
Culler, J. (1976). Saussure. London: Fontana.
Foucault, M. (1972). The Archaeology of Knowledge. London: Tavistock.
Foucault, M. (1980). Power/Knowledge. Brighton: Harvester.
Gee, J.P. (2008). Chapter 8: Discourses and literacies. in Social linguistics and literacies: Ideology in discourses, 3rd edition. London: Routledge.
Hall, S. (Ed.) (1997). Representation: Cultural representations and signifying practices. Chapter 1: Representation, meaning and language. London Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage in association with the Open University. pp. 15-64
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noun as in description
Strongest matches
depiction , image , portrayal
Strong matches
adumbration , copy , delegation , delineation , design , duplicate , enactment , exhibition , illustration , imitation , impersonation , impression , likeness , narration , personification , reproduction
noun as in likeness
image , portrayal
account , chart , delegation , diagram , effigy , embodiment , graph , icon , illustration , map , model , picture , protest , sample , sketch , statement , symbol
It was a metaphorical statement of giving and withdrawing consent for a show rooted in a literal representation of Coel being assaulted.
The mathematically manipulated results are passed on and augmented through the stages, finally producing an integrated representation of a face.
I hope this list—a representation of the most consequential changes taking places in our world—is similarly useful for you.
“Given the moment we are in, I can only hope our institutions really understand what this failure of representation means to our city,” he said.
The voters don’t want to have an elected city attorney on the, and representation said, that’s fine.
With all that said, representation of each of these respective communities has increased in the new Congress.
As this excellent piece in Mother Jones describes, however, Holsey had outrageously poor representation during his trial.
During that time days, Livvix went through court hearings without legal representation.
What do you think prompted the change in comic book representation of LGBTQ characters?
Barbie is an unrealistic, unhealthy, insulting representation of female appearance.
With less intelligent children traces of this tendency to take pictorial representation for reality may appear as late as four.
As observation widens and grows finer, the first bald representation becomes fuller and more life-like.
The child now aims at constructing a particular linear representation, that of a man, a horse, or what not.
He had heard it hinted that allowing the colonies representation in Parliament would be a simple plan for making taxes legal.
But sufficient can be discerned for the grasping of the idea, which seems to be a representation of the Nativity.
Words related to representation are not direct synonyms, but are associated with the word representation . Browse related words to learn more about word associations.
noun as in coming into sight
noun as in creation meant to communicate or appeal to senses or mind
noun as in personal interest
noun as in funny drawing, often with dialogue or caption
noun as in statement of disagreement, discontent
Viewing 5 / 84 related words
On this page you'll find 123 synonyms, antonyms, and words related to representation, such as: depiction, image, portrayal, adumbration, copy, and delegation.
From Roget's 21st Century Thesaurus, Third Edition Copyright © 2013 by the Philip Lief Group.
IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
REPRESENTATION definition: 1. a person or organization that speaks, acts, or is present officially for someone else: 2. the…. Learn more.
representation: [noun] one that represents: such as. an artistic likeness or image. a statement or account made to influence opinion or action. an incidental or collateral statement of fact on the faith of which a contract is entered into. a dramatic production or performance. a usually formal statement made against something or to effect a ...
REPRESENTATION meaning: 1. a person or organization that speaks, acts, or is present officially for someone else: 2. the…. Learn more.
Definition of representation noun in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
Representation definition: the act of representing.. See examples of REPRESENTATION used in a sentence.
A representation acts or serves on behalf or in place of something. A lawyer provides legal representation for his client. A caricature is an exaggerated representation or likeness of a person.
10 meanings: 1. the act or an instance of representing or the state of being represented 2. anything that represents, such as a.... Click for more definitions.
REPRESENTATION definition: 1. speaking or doing something officially for another person: 2. the way someone or something is…. Learn more.
A complete guide to the word "REPRESENTATION": definitions, pronunciations, synonyms, grammar insights, collocations, examples, and translations.
a : a statement made to influence the opinions or actions of others. Her representation of the situation was very confusing. He was accused of making false representations. b chiefly British : a formal and official complaint about something. Our ambassador has made representations to their government.
Define representation. representation synonyms, representation pronunciation, representation translation, English dictionary definition of representation. n. 1. The act of representing or the state of being represented. 2. Something that represents, as: a. An image or likeness of something. b. An account or...
representation - WordReference English dictionary, questions, discussion and forums. All Free.
The noun 'representation' draws its etymological roots from the Latin word 'representatio,' which is a combination of 're,' meaning 'again' or 'back,' and 'presentatio,' derived from 'praesentare,' meaning 'to present' or 'to show.' In Latin, 'representatio' signified the act of presenting something again or depicting it in a particular manner. As the term evolved into English, it retained ...
The meaning of REPRESENT is to bring clearly before the mind : present. How to use represent in a sentence.
There are 19 meanings listed in OED's entry for the noun representation, three of which are labelled obsolete. See 'Meaning & use' for definitions, usage, and quotation evidence. representation has developed meanings and uses in subjects including. visual arts (Middle English) theatre (late 1500s) philosophy (early 1600s) law (early 1600s ...
Model 2: Systems of Representation. Meaning is always produced within language; it is the practice of representation, constructed through signifying. As described in the previous section, the "real world" itself does not convey meaning. Instead, meaning-making relies two different but related systems of representation: concepts and language.
Find 40 different ways to say REPRESENTATION, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus.com.
REPRESENT definition: 1. to speak, act, or be present officially for another person or people: 2. to be the Member of…. Learn more.
Definition of representation. Best online English dictionaries for children, with kid-friendly definitions, integrated thesaurus for kids, images, and animations.
VISUAL REPRESENTATION definition | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples
Some church leaders and politicians have condemned the performance from the opening ceremony for mocking Christianity. Art historians are divided.
The Opening Ceremonies of the Paris Olympics featured several references and homages to notable figures and moments in French culture and history. It may be tough to catch every nod to a book ...
REPRESENT meaning: 1. to speak, act, or be present officially for another person or people: 2. to be the Member of…. Learn more.