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Introduction to EThOS: the British Library database of UK theses

Public deposited.

Abstract The British Library service known as EThOS is effectively a shop window on the amazing doctoral research undertaken in UK universities. With half a million thesis titles listed, you can uncover unique research on every topic imaginable and often download the full thesis file to use immediately for your own research. This webinar will offer a guided walk through the features and content of EThOS, and the research potential for making use of EThOS as a dataset. There was a brief sound issue during the demonstration of EThOS in this webinar, you can find more information about how to search EThOS at: https://ethos.bl.uk/Help.do

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• https://doi.org/10.23636/1181
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A-Z Databases: EThOS: Welcome

Content, coverage & description.

EThOS is a UK wide repository of digitized doctoral theses. It provides full text access to 250,000 theses published in the UK as well as bibliographic records of non digitized theses. A quick and free  registration is required to access the full text content.  

• EThOS e-Theses Online Service This link opens in a new window The British Library digital repository for UK research theses offering a central access point to UK doctoral theses. The majority of universities in the UK are members. You can cross-search over 500,000 theses including those available for immediate download. more... less... Not Searchable via One Search. You must first register on an individual basis with Ethos in order to make requests through the Ethos website. The Ethos site provides further information.

When to use

EThOS is an excellent resource for finding highly specialised and original research. S tudents embarking on a doctoral programme may wish to see examples of successful theses in their own discipline and identify areas of research that have not already been covered.  

Video guide: Using Ethos to find UK theses

University of Kent (2019) Using Ethos to find UK theses.  28 August. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n_c3ZRC5tG0 (Accessed: 13 July 2021).

Basic search

Keep search terms simple, e.g. 'organisational culture', 'business ethics' , ' eosinophilic inflammation', ' diabetes management'. 

Full text availability is indicated by a green open padlock symbol next to the search results.  You can restrict the search results to full text only by checking the box  ' limit search to items available for immediate download' below the search bar.

Search results are listed in order of relevance. You can change the order of results to A to Z by author or year (most recent to oldest and vice versa) by using the 'sort by" option above the search results. 

Click the relevant search result to view the abstract and download the thesis (if applicable). The full text can be accessed via the 'Immediate download'   link when this is available. You will be prompted for the username and password you chose when you registered with EThOS. 

Advanced Search

The advanced search tool enables you to search for a specific thesis by author and title. Use  the drop-down menus next to the search boxes to select your desired search criteria. 

You can also combine search terms using the Boolean operators 'AND', 'OR', 'NOT' (drop-down menu to the left of the search boxes). Example:

'higher education' (box one) AND  'social inequality' (box two)  will instruct  the database to look for theses which contain both search terms in the thesis abstracts or titles. 

'social inequality' (box one) OR  'poverty' (box two) will instruct the database to search for each search term separately. 

'higher education' (box one) AND  'social inequality' (box two) OR  'poverty' (box three) will instruct the database to search for articles which contain the first search term 'higher education' and either the second 'social inequality' or the third 'poverty'. 

Try to keep your search terms simple especially when combining search terms.  EThOS is a highly specialised database and over complicating searches may lead to a zero result outcome. 

Help and Support

Library staff are available to help you to use all of our online databases and electronic journal services. 

Contact us at  [email protected]  or via the  Self Service Port al . 

Accessibility and Copyright Statement

Accessibility Statement

• Last Updated: Aug 19, 2024 1:50 PM
• URL: https://uws-uk.libguides.com/EThOS

EThOS: e-theses online service Open access EThOS: e-theses online service Open access

EThOS, provided by the British Library, is a free online service providing access to UK doctoral theses.

Please note, EThOS is currently unavailable due to the British Library cyber attack in 2023. The British Library currently do not know when the service will be available again. Please see the British Library website for further information about the cyber attack . [June 2024]

Access EThOS is an open access resource.

Content  EThOS, provided by the British Library, is a free online service providing access to UK doctoral theses. It does not cover MPhils or master's dissertations.

EThOS aims to provide a central listing of all doctoral theses awarded by UK higher education institutions, with the full text of as many theses as possible. 

The database includes more than 600,000 records. Around 4,000 law theses are covered, dating from the 1920s to the present day.

Searching  EThOS has basic and advanced search facilities. Searches can be limited to theses available for immediate download.

Advanced search allows users to search by author, title, awarding body, year of award and other criteria. Boolean connectors (AND, OR, AND NOT) can be selected from a drop-down menu

Downloading  Many theses are available for download; it is necessary to create a free account to do this. 

There is an option to request digitisation of a thesis if it is not yet available for download. Sometimes this is free, but sometimes there is a charge (see FAQs). 

Help A Help menu and an FAQ page are available.

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Physical & Digital Collections

Theses & dissertations: home, access to theses and dissertations from other institutions and from the university of cambridge.

This guide provides information on searching for theses of Cambridge PhDs and for theses of UK universities and universities abroad. 

For information and guidance on depositing your thesis as a cambridge phd, visit the cambridge office of scholarly communication pages on theses here ., this guide gives essential information on how to obtain theses using the british library's ethos service. .

On the last weekend of October, the British Library became the victim of a major cyber-attack. Essential digital services including the BL catalogue, website and online learning resources went dark, with research services like the EThOS collection of more than 600,000 doctoral theses suddenly unavailable. The BL state that they anticipate restoring more services in the next few weeks, but disruption to certain services is now expected to persist for several months. For the latest news on the attack and information on the restoration of services, please follow the BL blog here:  Knowledge Matters blog  and access the LibGuide page here:  British Library Outage Update - Electronic Legal Deposit - LibGuides at University of Cambridge Subject Libraries

A full list of resources for searching theses online is provided by the Cambridge A-Z, available here .

University of Cambridge theses

Finding a cambridge phd thesis online via the institutional repository.

The University's institutional repository, Apollo , holds full-text digital versions of over 11,000 Cambridge PhD theses and is a rapidly growing collection deposited by Cambridge Ph.D. graduates. Theses in Apollo can be browsed via this link . More information on how to access theses by University of Cambridge students can be found on the access to Cambridge theses webpage.   The requirement for impending PhD graduates to deposit a digital version in order to graduate means the repository will be increasing at a rate of approximately 1,000 per year from this source.   About 200 theses are added annually through requests to make theses Open Access or via requests to digitize a thesis in printed format.

Locating and obtaining a copy of a Cambridge PhD thesis (not yet available via the repository)

Theses can be searched in iDiscover .  Guidance on searching for theses in iDiscover can be found here .   Requests for consultation of printed theses, not available online, should be made at the Manuscripts Reading Room (Email:  [email protected] Telephone: +44 (0)1223 333143).   Further information on the University Library's theses, dissertations and prize essays collections can be consulted at this link .

Researchers can order a copy of an unpublished thesis which was deposited in print form either through the Library’s  Digital Content Unit via the image request form , or, if the thesis has been digitised, it may be available in the Apollo repository. Copies of theses may be provided to researchers in accordance with the  law  and in a manner that is common across UK libraries.  The law allows us to provide whole copies of unpublished theses to individuals as long as they sign a declaration saying that it is for non-commercial research or private study.

How to make your thesis available online through Cambridge's institutional repository

Are you a Cambridge alumni and wish to make your Ph.D. thesis available online? You can do this by depositing it in Apollo the University's institutional repository. Click here for further information on how to proceed.    Current Ph.D students at the University of Cambridge can find further information about the requirements to deposit theses on the Office of Scholarly Communication theses webpages.

UK Theses and Dissertations

Electronic copies of Ph.D. theses submitted at over 100 UK universities are obtainable from EThOS , a service set up to provide access to all theses from participating institutions. It achieves this by harvesting e-theses from Institutional Repositories and by digitising print theses as they are ordered by researchers using the system. Over 250,000 theses are already available in this way. Please note that it does not supply theses submitted at the universities of Cambridge or Oxford although they are listed on EThOS.

Registration with EThOS is not required to search for a thesis but is necessary to download or order one unless it is stored in the university repository rather than the British Library (in which case a link to the repository will be displayed). Many theses are available without charge on an Open Access basis but in all other cases, if you are requesting a thesis that has not yet been digitised you will be asked to meet the cost. Once a thesis has been digitised it is available for free download thereafter.

When you order a thesis it will either be immediately available for download or writing to hard copy or it will need to be digitised. If you order a thesis for digitisation, the system will manage the process and you will be informed when the thesis is available for download/preparation to hard copy.

See the Search results section of the  help page for full information on interpreting search results in EThOS.

EThOS is managed by the British Library and can be found at http://ethos.bl.uk . For more information see About EThOS .

World-wide (incl. UK) theses and dissertations

Electronic versions of non-UK theses may be available from the institution at which they were submitted, sometimes on an open access basis from the institutional repository. A good starting point for discovering freely available electronic theses and dissertations beyond the UK is the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD) , which facilitates searching across institutions. Information can also usually be found on the library web pages of the relevant institution.

The DART Europe etheses portal lists several thousand full-text theses from a group of European universities.

The University Library subscribes to the ProQuest Dissertations and Theses  (PQDT) database which from August 31 2023 is accessed on the Web of Science platform.  To search this index select it from the Web of Science "Search in" drop-down list of databases (available on the Documents tab on WoS home page)

PQDT includes 2.4 million dissertation and theses citations, representing 700 leading academic institutions worldwide from 1861 to the present day. The database offers full text for most of the dissertations added since 1997 and strong retrospective full text coverage for older graduate works. Each dissertation published since July 1980 includes a 350-word abstract written by the author. Master's theses published since 1988 include 150-word abstracts.

IMPORTANT NOTE: The University Library only subscribes to the abstracting & indexing version of the ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database and NOT the full text version.  A fee is payable for ordering a dissertation from this source.   To obtain the full text of a dissertation as a downloadable PDF you can submit your request via the University Library Inter-Library Loans department (see contact details below). NB this service is only available to full and current members of the University of Cambridge.

Alternatively you can pay yourself for the dissertation PDF on the PQDT platform. Link from Web of Science record display of any thesis to PQDT by clicking on "View Details on ProQuest".  On the "Preview" page you will see an option "Order a copy" top right.  This will allow you to order your own copy from ProQuest directly.

Dissertations and theses submitted at non-UK universities may also be requested on Inter-Library Loan through the Inter-Library Loans department (01223 333039 or 333080, [email protected] )

• Last Updated: Dec 20, 2023 9:47 AM
• URL: https://libguides.cam.ac.uk/theses

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Library Guides

Theses and dissertations

Introduction to ethos, about ethos, benefits of using phds, further information.

Benefits to researchers

• Easy access to UK research theses.
• Centralised access to new and retrospectively digitised theses.
• Raised profile for individual authors from wider circulation of their work.
• Support for the principle of Open Access and increased use of publicly-funded research outputs.

Ethos is the British Library digital repository for UK research theses offering a central access point to UK doctoral theses. The majority of universities in the UK are members. You can cross-search over 500,000 theses including those available for immediate download.

Requesting doctoral theses

You must first register on an individual basis with Ethos in order to make requests through the Ethos website. The  Ethos site provides further information .

In some cases the first person (or their institution) to request a thesis is required to pay for the cost of digitisation. In the first instance researchers should refer to the Director of Research and Enterprise or their supervisor in the school about recovering costs from school research funds.

How long will it take?

Immediate download for theses already digitised. For theses not yet digitised you will need to contact the library of the university where the paper thesis is held to request access.

University of Greenwich theses are uploaded to  GALA  and harvested into Ethos allowing you to search and download from from either source.

Visit our theses and dissertations page to find out more about  finding PhD theses  within and beyond the university.

List of institutions taking part in Ethos .

Frequently asked questions about Ethos .

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• Last Updated: Aug 8, 2023 9:35 AM
• URL: https://libguides.gre.ac.uk/theses

Finding UK theses

The Bodleian Libraries hold copies of some UK theses. These are listed on SOLO  and may be ordered for delivery to a reading room. 

These theses are not all catalogued in a uniform way. Adding the word 'thesis' as a keyword in SOLO may help, but this is unlikely to find all theses, and may find published works based upon theses as well as unpublished theses.

Card catalogue  

Some early theses accepted for higher degrees and published before 1973 are held in the Bodleian Libraries but are not yet catalogued on SOLO. These holdings can be found in the Foreign Dissertations Catalogue card index.

To request access to material in the catalogue, speak to library staff at the Main Enquiry Desk in the Lower Reading Room of the Bodleian Old Library, or contact us via  [email protected]  or phone (01865 277162). 

Other finding aids

Proquest dissertations & theses.

You can use ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global  to locate theses accepted for higher degrees at universities in the UK and Ireland since 1716. The service also provides abstracts of these theses.

Library Hub Discover

You can use Library Hub Discover to search the online catalogues of some of the UK’s largest university research libraries to see if a thesis is held by another UK library.

The British Library

The British Library online catalogue provides access to digital doctoral theses held in UK institutional repositories. To access these documents, search for a thesis and then click on the link "View Online - External Resource Available" (in green) just above the "I want this" section.

UTREES - University Theses in Russian, Soviet, and East European Studies 1907–

UTREES is a bibliographical database of research in the British Isles. The database has been continuously extended from the printed volume, most recently with 202 recent theses added in 2021. The database lists details of over 6,000 doctoral and selected masters’ theses from British and Irish universities. It covers research relating to Eastern and Central Europe, Russia and the area of the former USSR, including Central Asia, the Caucasus and Siberia.

Individual universities

You can also go to individual UK universities' sites for their online theses repositories.

You can purchase copies of Cambridge University theses through the Cambridge University Library's online order form . There is a standard charge of £75 (plus VAT and postage). White Rose ETheses Online is an online repository of doctoral theses from the Universities of Leeds, Sheffield and York. It is part of a national and international network of open access online databases which promote access to research outputs.   

Ordering UK theses

You can request theses from other UK universities as an inter-library request .

Please note that it may not be possible to obtain some theses due to restrictions on lending placed by the author of the thesis or the institution at which it is held.

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OU theses and dissertations

Online theses.

Are available via Open Research Online .

Print theses

Search for OU theses in the Library Search . To see only print theses click 'In the Walton Hall library' and refine your results to resource type 'Thesis'.

OU staff and research students can  borrow a consultation copy of a thesis (if available). Please contact the Library helpdesk giving the author and title of the thesis.

UK theses and dissertations from EThOS

The Electronic Theses Online System (EThOS) offers free access to the full text of UK theses.

• EThOS offers a one stop online shop providing free access to UK theses
• EThOS digitizes theses on request into PDF format, this may require payment
• EThOS is managed by the British Library in partnership with a number of UK universities
• EThOS is open to all categories of library user

What does this mean to you as a library user?

When you need to access a PhD thesis from another UK based HE institution you should check EThOS to either download a thesis which has already been digitised or to request that a UK thesis be supplied to you.

• For all UK theses EThOS will be the first point of delivery. You can use the online ordering and tracking system direct from EThOS to manage your requests for UK PhD theses, including checking the status of your requests
• As readers you will deal directly with EThOS so will not need to fill in a document delivery request
• OU staff and research students will still be entitled to access non-UK based PhD theses by filling in a document delivery request
• In some cases where EThOS is unable to supply a UK thesis OU staff and research students will be able to access it by filling in a conventional document delivery request. The thesis will be supplied through direct loan
• The EThOS system is both faster and cheaper than the previous British Theses service which was based on microfilm
• The British Library no longer arranges interlibrary loans for UK PhD theses
• Interlibrary Loan procedures for other types of request from the British Library (articles and books for example) will remain the same

If you have any queries about using EThOS contact the Document Delivery Team ( [email protected] or the Library Helpdesk ).

Note 13/03/2024: The British Library is continuing to experience a major technology outage affecting its websites and other online systems, due to a Cyber attack. as a result access to ETHOS might not be possible until the issue is fixed. 

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Theses and dissertation

• Finding a Sussex thesis
• Finding a UK thesis
• Finding an international thesis
• Further Support

The Electronic Theses Online System

The Electronic Theses Online System is a service from the British Library that provides online access to the full-text of UK doctoral theses. It contains over 380,000+ records of doctoral theses from UK Higher Education Institutions. Many of these have already been digitised and are available for immediate download.

Can I request UK theses from other universities from the Library?

You no longer request theses from other universities through Sussex University's Interlibrary Requests service - you can access them directly via EThOS.

Do I need to register?

You do not need to register to search the 380,000+ records in the EThOS database, but you will need to register if you would like to download a thesis.

Are immediate downloads available?

If the thesis in which you are interested has already been digitised, you will be able to download it immediately without charge. If the thesis you need has not yet been digitised, there will be a short delay whilst digitisation takes place. You will then be notified by EThOS when the thesis is ready to be downloaded. Once the thesis has been digitised it is then available for immediate download by any other user.

Are all theses digitised?

Some theses cannot be digitised for copyright reasons. If this is the case with the thesis you need, please inform the Interlibrary Requests team who will investigate whether a hard copy can be borrowed directly from the relevant university.

Does this service cost me anything?

On rare occasions you may be asked by EThOS to pay for the digitisation of a thesis. This is because, although the majority of institutions participating in EThOS have agreed to pay for the digitisation of their own theses on request, some institutions have not.

In such cases, the Library will pay the cost of digitisation provided that funding is available. Please contact the Research Support team on Tel: 01273 877941 (int 7941) or Email: [email protected] with the full details of your request.

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• Last Updated: Aug 28, 2024 1:45 PM
• URL: https://guides.lib.sussex.ac.uk/theses

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Theses and Dissertations: UK PhD Theses

• UK PhD Theses
• Overseas PhD Theses
• BU Theses & Dissertations This link opens in a new window

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Using UK PhD Theses in EThOS

Obtaining Theses

• Thesis and Dissertation databases can be accessed via this BU Library webpage .
• If a thesis is not available full text online then it may be possible to obtain via the Inter-Library Loan service . The clarity of your request is enhanced if you attach a printout of the source details e.g. a record from one of the databases .
• Electronic Theses Online Service (EThOS) is the British Library service which provides full text open access to digital copies of UK PhD theses. The EThOS database contains records of over 250,000 UK theses, with the added functionality of being able to request access to digital copies of selected theses that have not already been digitised.
• Personal registration on EThOS is required to be able to download theses. Bournemouth University is an Open Access Sponsor of EThOS, so all BU theses are indexed.
• Theses which are already available to download have a pdf attached to the record. For those theses that do not have a pdf attached, you should select the record to check Availability of Full Text – there are 3 possible scenarios:
• The home institution will pay the digitisation cost and access will be free.
• The home institution will digitise the thesis, but you will be charged.  In these cases you should consult your supervisor as to how important the thesis is to your research and consider requesting payment via the Inter-Library Request Service.
• The thesis is not available via EThOS service. Please contact the current institution's library directly if you wish to view the thesis.

Doing a thesis at BU

This guide is to help with searching for theses from other institutions.

If you are doing a thesis at BU and want guidance to help with writing and completing your research see our PGR Guide

Subject Guide

• Next: Overseas PhD Theses >>
• Last Updated: Oct 18, 2023 11:46 AM
• URL: https://libguides.bournemouth.ac.uk/theses-dissertations

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What is a PhD?

A PhD is a postgraduate degree. It stands for ‘Doctor of Philosophy’ and is one of the highest academic qualifications you can achieve.

Courses involve both research and academic learning where you take on a significant amount of independent work.

For most PhDs, you’ll research for, write and publish an extensive thesis on a specialist subject area.

How long is a PhD? 

PhDs courses usually last between three to four years if you study full-time. Students often extend their thesis deadlines and finish the work in their fourth year. If you study part-time, courses can last six or seven years. 

Courses can begin anytime throughout the year, though most studentships (doctorate scholarships) start in September or October.

What qualifications do you need for a PhD?

You usually need a good second-class (2.1) undergraduate honours degree in a relevant subject area, or equivalent. Many courses also ask for a master’s degree. 

When applying, you may need to demonstrate an ability to conduct research. This could be by showing your experience of independently working on a research project. You’ll probably also have to submit a research proposal that outlines what you’ll be studying.

How is a PhD taught?

There’s very little teaching involved in a PhD degree. Your course may begin with five or six hours per week of classes where you learn about research methods and techniques. Aside from this, you’re in control of your studies, though you’ll receive some guidance from an academic tutor.

How is a PhD assessed?

PhD students are assessed mainly by a thesis, and a closed oral examination where examiners ask questions about the thesis. 

Degrees are usually graded as pass or fail.

What skills do you learn during a PhD?

As well as subject-specific skills, you develop transferable skills such as: 

• Organisation 
• Research 
• Work habits 
• Project management 
• Critical thinking 
• Written communication 
• Presentation

How much does a PhD cost? 

Fees vary widely between courses and institutions, but are commonly between £3,000 and £6,000 per year for UK students. International students often pay more. 

Many degrees are partly or fully funded, and lots of students receive scholarships and bursaries. UK Research Councils provide universities with grants of around £4,000 per year for each funded PhD student.

PhD degree facts

Some new PhDs are more vocational and offer practical experiences as well as research. These are designed for those looking to advance their careers. 

When applying for a PhD, you show the university that you’re the right person for an advertised position, or that you’d be suitable to complete your research proposal. 

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PhD Programs in UK: Top Universities, Duration, Application Process 

• Updated on  
• Sep 2, 2024

The UK is known for its diverse academic PhD courses in subjects such as Mathematics, Accounting, Management, Science, Law, and Economics. Infact, there are more than three thousand PhD programs in UK, providing students with top-quality education in their preferred field of study. The average duration of these courses is 3-5 years full-time and 2-8 years part-time. Whereas, their average fees can range between £20,000 to £40,750. The best part is that international students can relieve some of their financial burden through PhD scholarships in UK . Sounds interesting? 

There is more to it. In this blog, you will find a complete list of PhD programs in UK, their duration, fees, and the list of best universities to study in UK . Let’s begin.

This Blog Includes:

Phd programs in uk – education, phd accounting & finance program in uk, phd economics program in uk , phd mathematics in uk, phd in science, chemistry, and physics in uk, phd engineering programs in uk , phd english and literature in uk, phd management in uk, phd law in uk, phd in nursing and pharmacy in uk, phd in psychology and philosophy, top 10 universities to study phd programs in uk, entry requirements, list of documents required, application process.

List of Popular PhD Programs in UK for International Students

The UK allows students to pursue a PhD degree in various subjects, according to their field of interest and academic background. In this blog, you will find a compiled list of the best and most popular PhD programs in UK for international students.

Additionally, you will read about their part-time and full-time durations as well as their yearly fees. Each of these programs offers students a chance to conduct advanced research and development. Here is a list of all the PhD subjects covered in this blog: 

• Accounting and Finance
• Mathematics
• Physics 
• Engineering 
• English and Literature
• Philosophy 

PhD in Education is offered as a full-time and part-time course in the UK. It prepares students for research and teaching roles in the field of education by providing them with theoretical knowledge and relevant skills. The average duration of PhD in Education in UK is 3-5 years whereas the average fee is £17,550 –  £25,290.

A PhD in Accounting and Finance provides students with in-depth knowledge and understanding of finance, accounting, taxation, and other related subjects. The average duration of courses in this field is 3-6 years, depending on whether you are pursuing it full-time or part-time.

Also Read: Cost of Studying in UK for Indian Students

A PhD in Economics or Doctor of Philosophy in Economics is a postgraduate research program. It is the highest qualification in the field of economics which grants students a doctor-level degree. Moreover, it is a great option for students who wish to pursue a career as an economist. The average duration of PhD in Economics in UK is around 3-5 years in full-time and 5-6 years in part-time.

PhD in Mathematics in UK is a doctorate program. It is designed to equip students with the relevant skills and knowledge in the field of mathematics. Moreover, it may include courses in applied and pure mathematics such as computation methods, statistics, and mathematical analysis. 

Also Read: Unique Courses to Study in UK for Indian Students

In this table, you will find a list of PhD courses in Science, Chemistry, and Physics in the UK. The average duration of these courses in part-time is 4-8 years whereas the duration in full-time is between 3-4 years. The exact duration and fee of these courses also depend on your university and other factors.

A PhD degree in Engineering in UK is a doctoral degree, specifically created to provide students with expertise and knowledge in different engineering fields. It is a 3-5 years Doctorate degree for candidates who have completed their graduation and postgraduate studies in the same field. The common subjects covered in such courses include computing, software systems, and other specialised areas.  

Also Read: Study Abroad Packing List for UK for International Students

If you want to work in academia or research, you may pursue a PhD in English and Literature. It can be a 3 to 8 years long degree, depending on whether you pursue it full-time or part-time. Moreover, it may include a wide range of topics such as literary criticism, African-American literature, Renaissance literature, and more. 

Students who want to pursue a PhD in Management in UK spend about 3-4 years studying business management and administration. Depending on the university, course, and mode of study, the average cost of PhD Management can range from £18,600 to £28,250.

Also Read: How Much Does it Cost to Study in the UK in 2024?

A PhD degree in Law is the highest academic degree in the field of law. Students who wish to pursue this degree must prepare themselves to conduct intensive research under faculty guidance. The average duration of this course in UK can be 3-4 years full-time and 5-6 years part-time. 

A PhD in Nursing prepares students to pursue careers in academic settings, research, and pharmaceutical science. Similarly, a PhD in Pharmacy is an advanced degree that prepares students to work in the public sector and examine different aspects of healthcare management. 

Also Read: UK Student Visa Interview Questions

Students can find a combined PhD degree in Psychology and Philosophy or individual courses as well. This doctoral degree may provide students with knowledge of both or individual disciplines. Their duration is generally 3-7 years, depending on the university and course shortlisted. 

Here is a list of the top 10 universities in UK to study PhD programs along with their QS Rank and average fee. If the vast number of options are confusing you, then this table might help. 

Also Read: Best Cheapest Universities In UK for Indian Students

Admission Process for PhD Programs in UK

The exact admission requirements to study PhD in England can vary depending on your course, university, and mode of study. This is because different universities may have different requirements for admitting international students. Therefore, you must check the official website of their preferred university and course to get the exact details. Here are the general admission requirements to study PhD in UK.

Some universities such as the University of BATH also compensate a strong performance at the Master’s level for a weaker one at the Bachelor’s level.

• You must have a 2:1 or higher Bachelor’s degree with honours or its equivalent in the relevant subject
• You must have a Master’s degree in the relevant subject area
• You must also demonstrate English proficiency in IELTS, TOEFL, or PTE.

Also Read: What are the Requirements to Study in UK?

Along with satisfying the minimum entry requirements, you must also provide the following documents to gain admission to any of the PhD programs in UK. These documents help the admission department of your preferred university to evaluate your academic background. Here is a list of documents required to study abroad for international students:

• A filled-out application form
• Academic transcripts of all educational institutions attended 
• A detailed research proposal
• Proof of English Proficiency  
• 2-3 referrals or recommendation letters
• A comprehensive CV or Resume

The exact application process to study PhD courses in UK varies from university to university. Below we have provided a general outline of the same to help you understand the process better.

Step 1: Find the university and course

Te first step while applying for any of the PhD programs in UK is to identify the right university and course. Make sure to consider the faculty expertise and university reputation, and that the course aligns with your interests.

Step 2: Find a potential supervisor

Many top universities in the UK require students to find a potential supervisor whose research aligns with their study. Reach out to the supervisor to ensure the availability of opportunities, research areas, and their availability to supervise your project. 

Step 3: Review entry requirements

Once you have shortlisted the university, course, and supervisor, move on to reviewing entry requirements. Ensure that you meet the minimum academic requirements including the level of study required, English language proficiency, and other additional requirements. 

Step 4: Prepare a research proposal

Next, write a detailed research proposal outlining your research question, objectives, methodology, and expected outcomes. You must remember that your research proposal is a critical part of your application as it can highlight your academic achievements. 

Step 5: Gather your documents

Make sure that you have all the documents required to apply to UK universities . It will help the university admission committee assess your candidacy for admission. 

Step 6: Start your Application

Once you have all the required documents, you can start your application process in no matter of time. 

• Visit the official website of your preferred university.
• Find and select the PhD course.
• Complete your personal information as per the official academic transcripts and documents.  
• Upload the necessary documents 
• Pay the required application fee.

Related Blogs

The duration of a PhD program in the UK depends on the country, university, course shortlisted, and funding arrangements. Nonetheless, the general duration of PhD programs in UK is 3-4 years full-time and 6-8 years part-time.

The average cost to study PhD in UK can range between £26,500 to £38,400. The exact cost depends on various factors such as your university, course, and whether you are pursuing the course full-time or part-time. Apart from this, international students will also have to bear additional charges such as accommodation and cost of living in UK.

The minimum qualifications to study PhD in UK include that students must have a 2:1 bachelor’s degree with a minimum of 60% in aggregate. Additionally, international students will also have to demonstrate their proficiency in the English language through IELTS, TOEFL, or PTE.

This was all about PhD programs in UK. Still not sure how to go about it? Let the professionals at Leverage Edu take care of your academic journey! You may enlist the assistance of Leverage Edu specialists to assist you with the application process so that you can realize your goals. Call us immediately at 1800 57 2000 for a free 30-minute counselling session.

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PhD in Sustainable Energy Materials Innovation

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The Sustainable Energy Materials Innovation PhD course will train diverse cohorts in science and engineering to drive the materials innovations needed to accelerate the global energy transition.

This PhD course will comprise training elements alongside the PhD research Project. This interdisciplinary programme aims to train researchers to have a broad understanding of different energy technologies and how they interrelate.

The objectives of the course are to:

i) impart students with diverse research skills to work effectively in cross-sector materials development.

ii) prepare them for careers in research, industry, government, policy, and financial organisations.

iii) overcome traditional compartmentalised training, giving researchers a broad understanding of different energy technologies and how they interrelate.

iv) create an academic-industrial alumni network for cross-fertilisation and collaboration to continue well after students graduate.

Learning Outcomes

Knowledge and Understanding

The PhD in Sustainable Energy Materials Innovation course has training, research, and innovation elements. Graduates of the course will have developed knowledge and understanding in the following broad areas:

• The physics, chemistry, materials science, and engineering aspects of different zero-carbon energy technologies.
• The societal, economic, and political context of deploying these technologies.
• Critical evaluation of energy materials sciences and technologies.

By the end of the PhD, successful students will have produced original research work making a significant contribution to knowledge in the area of sustainable energy materials innovation.

Skills and other attributes

At the end of the first year, the student will have developed skills to understand energy materials devices across different technologies including the ability to perform life-cycle and environmental assessments.

The University hosts and attends fairs and events throughout the year, in the UK and across the world. We also offer online events to help you explore your options:

• Discover Cambridge: Master’s and PhD study webinars - these Spring events provide practical information about applying for postgraduate study.
• Postgraduate Virtual Open Days - taking place in October/November each year, the Open Days focus on subject and course information.

Departments

This course is advertised in the following departments:

• Department of Chemistry
• Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy
• Department of Physics
• Department of Engineering
• Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology

Key Information

3-4 years full-time, 4-7 years part-time, study mode : research, doctor of philosophy, department of physics this course is advertised in multiple departments. please see the overview tab for more details., course - related enquiries, application - related enquiries, course on department website, dates and deadlines:, michaelmas 2025.

Some courses can close early. See the Deadlines page for guidance on when to apply.

Funding Deadlines

These deadlines apply to applications for courses starting in Michaelmas 2025, Lent 2026 and Easter 2026.

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Blog post Part of series: BERA Conference 2024 and WERA Focal Meeting

Who really belongs in higher education? Insights from research with disabled staff and PhD students in the UK

Ben Whitburn, Associate Professor at University of Southampton Jonathan Vincent, Lecturer in Higher Education at Lancaster University 3 Sep 2024

In this blog post we offer some insights from a recent study among disabled staff and PhD students in the UK to consider what it means to un/belong in the current higher education (HE) sector.

What is belonging?

Though the concept of belonging is difficult to define, there is increasing evidence of its application within EDI discourses as well as scholarly attention with particular reference to students. For instance, a collaboration between WonkHE and Pearson examined students’ sense of belonging, reporting that connection, inclusion, support and autonomy are the ‘four foundations of belonging at university’ (see Blake et al., 2022). Elsewhere, researchers have advanced an argument that belonging is a relational, situated and processual experience, which is complexly linked to the digital and physical environment of a university (see Gravett & Ajjawi, 2022). Under such dynamic conditions of uncertainty, Gravett & Ajjawi (2022, p. 1388) contend that ‘there is an urgent need to question who can belong, how, and to where/whom?’ We designed our project to address these sorts of questions specifically as they apply to disabled staff and PhD students, whose support necessarily falls within institutional EDI efforts .

So what did we do?

As disability can no longer be understood in simplistic medical or social model positions but – like belonging – might be understood as an almalgum of social, material and critical knowledge-making capacities, we were eager to learn how disabled people navigate and contribute to higher education in ways that affect their sense of belonging. In total, we interviewed 19 participants: 13 disabled staff members, 2 PhD students, and 4 members of staff who were also completing doctorates from a range of universities across the UK. In keeping with our intention to engage ‘inclusive disability-orientated research’ (see Nind, 2017), we enhanced accessibility for participants by offering various adjustments including having access to interview questions in advance, additional processing time, holding shorter interviews, and movement breaks. Ethical clearance was granted by the institutional review board at both institutions.

What we found

As we will discuss at the BERA Conference 2024 and WERA Focal Meeting in Manchester in September, there were a number of pertinent themes which situated un/belonging along intersecting affective, relational, spatial and political lines.

Belonging was predominantly articulated in affective terms, often associated with feeling valued by and within institutions. As one participant explained:

‘it’s sort of feeling … comfortable with the people in your community, comfortable with knowing how you can accomplish different things, whether it be a part of life or part of your professional requirements. So it’s a feeling of comfort, I guess.’

Relational belonging, or a sense of connection, also played a significant role for many participants. They expressed this sense of the concept as fostered through staff networks, management, supervisors and peers; as another participant stated:

‘So there’s a bit of a feeling of solidarity … it’s definitely a contributor to belonging.’

However, experiencing un/belonging was also prevalent and experienced as practical and political encounters with ableist structures and policies. Participants highlighted challenges such as a lack of necessary reasonable adjustments , continually having to negotiate for accommodations, and inaccessible physical spaces. As one participant told us:

‘I’ve definitely felt – I’m made to feel like a nuisance and I’ve been made to very much feel like I’m the problem in terms of when I [inhales] when I ask for “unreasonable” things like videos being captioned. I’ve been copied into, again, 10, 20 emails about how much extra work it is that has to be done now.’

‘Actively creating space for un/belonging was viewed by some as a political act of subversion, therefore problematising the notion that belonging is inherently positive.’

These encounters often led to self-disciplining mechanisms, including the masking of impairments for those who could do so or withdrawing from social interactions. Interestingly, for others, actively creating space for un/belonging was viewed as a political act of subversion, therefore problematising the notion that belonging is inherently positive.

Our study develops some important implications for fostering disability knowledge and experience within institutional policies, curriculum and procedures. Under the increasingly neoliberal conditions within higher education, accessibility and reasonable adjustments have become highly individualised, which has reduced the capacity for relational and political belonging. However, what is starkly clear from our data is that disabled staff and PhD students can offer vital insights into the nature and experience of un/belonging and its potential to transform higher education.

This blog post relates to a paper presented at the BERA Conference 2024 and WERA Focal Meeting on Tuesday 10 September at 9:00am. Find out more by searching the conference programme here .

Blake, S., Capper, G., & Jackson, A. (2022) Building belonging in higher education: Recommendations for developing an integrated institutional approach . Pearson and WonkHE.

Gravett, K., & Ajjawi, R. (2022). Belonging as situated practice. Studies in Higher Education , 47 (7), 1386–1396. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2021.1894118

Nind, M. (2017). The practical wisdom of inclusive research. Qualitative Research , 17 (3), 278–288. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794117708123

BERA Conference 2024 and WERA Focal Meeting series

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