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Free Online Chinese Lessons

This is the ultimate collection of the best free Chinese lessons for beginners. If you are looking for quick, free, and easy-to-understand Chinese lessons online to start your Mandarin learning journey in 2024, then you just found the right place.

Online Beginner Chinese Lessons (+ LOTS of Free Learning Tips)

Starting Chinese learning in 2024 can mark the beginning of an exciting journey. The rising popularity of online Chinese lessons now makes it possible for you to learn this beautiful language from the comfort of your own home.

Thankfully, there are more free learning resources online than ever before due to the pandemic . The downside is that many of those free Chinese lessons out there are junk .

Most lessons don’t give enough details. They throw in a bunch of “preset” Chinese sentences with translations and don’t explain how to actually form them and use them. There’s zero chance you’ll be able to hold a real conversation after finishing those lessons. You are left at sea. 

They. Simply. Don’t. Work.

Let’s be real, you don’t need another phrasebook. You need detail to understand how Chinese works in its entirety, so you can figure out how to say what you want to say from day one.

And that’s not complicated. No need to stress.

With over 50K readers every month, we’re one of the world’s biggest websites about Chinese learning. We’ve helped thousands of people start learning Chinese, improve their Chinese skills, and achieve their goals.

And in this guide, we draw on our expertise to present the best online Chinese lessons for beginners trying to get started from nothing .

These introductory Chinese lessons cover the various areas of basic Chinese: pronunciation, conversation, vocabulary, and grammar. Each lesson is complete with detailed, yet easy-to-follow explanations on all essential language points. Best of all, they won’t cost you a dime. All you have to do is follow the framework and start learning!

3X Your Chinese Progress!

To serious learners:  

Feel free to dip your toes with our free introductory lessons. But if you’re ready to get serious and want to become conversationally fluent in Chinese, you really need to take a structured course with a real teacher!

We’ve done our research and handpicked the best Chinese courses online. Find the best course for you to skyrocket your studying success!

View All Chinese Lessons

Check out our free online Chinese lessons designed for beginners to get a head start on your Mandarin learning journey. We’ve also included valuable learning tips. Enjoy!

Intro to the Chinese Language

Welcome to the jungle of Mandarin Chinese! Wait, Mandarin, Chinese, or Mandarin Chinese? Are they even the same thing? In the first chapter of this Chinese lesson series, you’ll learn some basic concepts of the language of China. Let’s jump in.

Chinese Greetings and Essentials

Here’s your basic Chinese survival kit – common Chinese greetings beyond “ni hao”, how to say “yes” and “no”, and how to say “please” and “thank you”, etc. This lesson covers the bare minimum you should know before going anywhere Chinese-speaking!

Chinese Alphabet & Pronunciation

Well, Chinese doesn’t really have an alphabet, but there is this Romanization system called Pinyin you must know to learn the pronunciation of words. Don’t let Pinyin get you – discover how to pronounce Q, X, Z sounds in Chinese, as well as that tricky Ü thing with this lesson.

Chinese Tones

You probably already know that Chinese is a tonal language. Many words appear to have the same basic pronunciation with varied pitches. It seems like a small difference, but it’s quite important. Here’s an introduction to the four tones of Chinese.

Basic Chinese Grammar

Not the most exciting topic, but let’s get real – you’ll need it. This quick Chinese grammar lesson will get you through the basic grammar rules in minutes that might otherwise take you weeks to figure out on your own. You’ll find they’re not quite so intimidating. 

Saying Your Name in Chinese

You wouldn’t think there would be much trouble stating your name, but it can actually be quite hard for an average Chinese person to remember or pronounce your name unless you say it the Chinese way. So check it out…

Talking about Yourself in Chinese

You’ll learn some super useful Chinese conversation starters and how to talk about yourself and your family. Learn how to say “my name is…”, how to say where you live, what you do, and how to talk about the things you like doing.

Countries in Chinese

This lesson will show you how to let everybody around you know where you are from. We enlist all the country names in Chinese from Argentina to Madagascar. Plus you’ll learn some little tricks to help you remember some of them.

Professions in Chinese

One of the best conversation starters in China, guaranteed. Learn how to say “I am an engineer at Siemens”, and talk about what you like or dislike about your job, and you’ll always have something to contribute to a conversation!

The Verb “to Have” in Chinese

Probably the most important verb to have in your Chinese toolbox – “yǒu” is used in a lot of places where English speakers wouldn’t expect it. This lesson shows you how to express possession and existence in Chinese.

Connecting Verbs in Chinese

In this lesson, you’ll learn the rule for using two or more verbs in one Chinese sentence. You’ll be able to say that you’re going somewhere to do something. You’ll also learn some incredibly useful verbs. Hoorah!

Negating Statements in Chinese

You can turn a positive statement into a negative statement with two negation words in Chinese: “bù” and “méi”. This lesson will show you how to say that you don’t like sports, or that you don’t have the time to play sports.  

Forming Questions with “ne”

Let us introduce you to the world of particles. Once you master this one, you’ll be able to ask simple questions in Chinese. You’ll also see how easy it’d be to bounce a question imposed on you back to your conversation partner. Fun!

Giving Commands in Chinese

One of the easiest grammar points in Chinese, but we’ll walk you through it anyway. Learn how to tell someone to do or not to do something in China and sound as polite or impolite as you need to be!

“I Don’t Understand” in Chinese

Once you step into the Chinese-speaking territory, you’re bound to encounter communication problems at one point or another. You can do so much better than a blunt “ting bu dong”. Learn how to respond naturally when your Chinese deserts you with this lesson.

Counting in Chinese – 0 to 1,000,000,000

Want to count in Chinese? Who doesn’t? Chinese numbers are actually much easier than their English counterparts to make you go. This lesson will have you covered for everything between zero and one billion – that’s probably all the numbers you need!

Chinese Measure Words

Measure words are used a lot more in Chinese than in English – so much so that there are 150+ of them. Never fear! In this lesson, we’ll give you some tricks for using the most common Chinese measure words to help you get by in most conversations.

Talking about Age in Chinese

In this lesson, you’ll get a quick introduction to age in Chinese. You’ll learn why it’s important and how to ask specific people their age, using both polite and informal language. There are some interesting rules for how to raise the question correctly.

Telling the Time in Chinese

Once you’ve known your way around numbers, telling the time in Chinese becomes pretty easy – just watch out for a couple of curveballs coming in your way. This lesson will cover all the essential time expressions like “just now” and “soon” to keep you on your toes.

Days of the Week in Chinese

Chinese is fairly logical when it comes to naming the days of the week. Well, there are three names for each day (it’s nuts), but you’ll find them pretty intuitive and predictable. So here’s how to say Monday to Sunday in Chinese.

Dates in Chinese

Simple, but pretty essential. Learn how to say dates, months, and years in Chinese. Combine this with the time and days of the week lessons above, and you should feel very comfortable making appointments or holidays reservations.

Comparing Things in Chinese

How do you say when someone is smarter than another, or taller than another, or less beautiful than another? In this lesson, you’ll learn how to compare two people or two things that aren’t equal as well as superlatives (who is the smartest?)

Asking for Directions in Chinese

Where’s the famous dim sum restaurant? Where is a public restroom? Learn how to ask for directions in Chinese before you start packing. Simply learn these essential keywords and phrases because you’ll always need to get somewhere!

Ordering in a Restaurant

Get a crash course in how to order in a Chinese restaurant using “xiǎng” and “yào”(want). You’ll learn some useful food & drink vocabulary, and how to catch the waiter or waitress’s attention when you need to. (It’s different than how you do it in English.)

Topic-Comment Structure

Topic-comment structure in Chinese can be a little tricky to wrap your head around since it sounds “off” to an English ear. Make sure you’ve got a firm grasp on the basic“S-V-O” before you dive in. You’ll then be able to express yourself in Chinese in the most natural way.

Conversation Filler: “Nèi Ge”

Every language has an array of filler words that help to grease the wheels of conversation. The most popular filler word in Chinese is “nèi ge”. This final lesson will teach you how to slip “nèi ge” naturally into your conversation to help you sound more Chinese than ever.

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I have a mac, i don't have a disk drive on my computer, my computer won't display the 作业密码, online homework help, where do i log in to do my homework.

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Does this work with ipad, my cd envelope doesn't come with a code.

• Photo of your textbook set and your DVD-rom (best in original CD envelope)
• Your Chinese School
• Month/Year When you purchased your textbook.

It says textbook code already claimed or textbook code doesn't exist.

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Do i need to create a new account every year, i claimed my textbook, but now i can't see it, is there a way to move textbooks between accounts.

• Write down the textbook code of the textbooks that you want to move.
• Select the correct code on the left hand side and click "unclaim".
• Log in to the other account and claim the textbook using the textbook code that you wrote down.

How can I redo the homework?

• to re-listen to the lesson text, click on 自由听课文
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16 Best Chinese Learning Websites for 2024

If you’re looking for the best websites to learn Chinese, then you don’t have to search long.

There are tons of amazing websites that’ll help you master any element of the Chinese language, from pronunciation to reading comprehension to essential Chinese idioms. 

They work for all levels of learners too, so go ahead and bookmark your favorites on this list! 

1. Best for Reading Practice: The Chairman’s Bao

2. best for immersive chinese videos: fluentu, 3. best for in-depth chinese grammar: chinese grammar wiki, 4. best for flexible learning styles: chineseclass101, 5. best for native chinese audio: chinese voices, 6. best for video-based chinese lessons: yoyo chinese, 7. best for chinese learning video series: cctv learn chinese, 8. best for looking up chinese words: yellowbridge, 9. best for audio-based chinese lessons: pimsleur, 10. best for conversational chinese: rocket languages, 11. best for chinese idioms: chinese-tools’ chengyu story database, 12. best for grammar explanations: chinese boost grammar page, 13. best for writing chinese characters: arch chinese, 14. best for short-term chinese courses: udemy, 15. best for free chinese courses: mandarinx, 16. best for new learners: mandarin chinese 1: chinese for beginners, what makes a website good for learning chinese.

Download: This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that you can take anywhere. Click here to get a copy. (Download)

This site is updated daily and there are articles that are appropriate for elementary to advanced learners. You can toggle between simplified and traditional characters, and if you highlight a character or word, the definition and pinyin will appear to the right of the text. You can sort articles by HSK level or by topic.

The Chairman’s Bao is a great everyday resource, but of course, it’s particularly useful if you’re studying for the HSK. The ability to sort by HSK level means you can really focus on reading everything at the level you’re attempting to master. I’m a huge fan.

FluentU turns clips from authentic Chinese media— TV shows, movies, news segments and more —into personalized language lessons. You’ll learn common words, phrases and expressions as they’re actually used by native speakers.  

Each FluentU video comes with interactive subtitles in Chinese, pinyin and English . You can toggle each language on and off as needed. As you’re watching, just hover over or click on any unfamiliar words to see their translation, grammatical information and more.

You can review your new vocabulary with the program’s multimedia flashcards and test your knowledge with personalized quizzes .

The expansive video library is organized by topic and difficulty, so you can easily find what you need no matter your level or interests. You can also download the FluentU app for  iOS or Android and try it out with a free 2-week trial .

Each grammar point is presented concisely, with several example sentences to show different use cases and even exceptions. You can literally look up almost any grammar point you encounter in Chinese and find an entry on this website.

On top of this, they also have an index of top Chinese grammar textbooks , with the grammar points listed down by chapter as a preview in case you want to get the book. Another useful page would be their reading tools section , which includes browser extensions for reading Chinese online.

What’s more, each level has multiple pathways. So whether you want to focus on reading skills, business Chinese, Chinese culture or simple vocabulary, you can choose the pathway that’ll help you achieve your goals faster.

You can also add multiple pathways to your dashboard, so you’re not limited to working through only one at a time. When starting out, ChineseClass101 will recommend a certain pathway for whichever level you’ve chosen or been placed into after taking a test.

For an in-depth review of ChineseClass101, click here . 

The podcasts are made specifically for Chinese learners, so the audio is a little slower and clearer than if they were chatting informally with a friend—it’s a great way to get accustomed to authentic speaking and accents.

Chinese Voices is also an excellent tool for cultural immersion. In the podcast, Chinese students discuss the joys and challenges of their everyday lives. It’s probably the best window into life in Beijing that you’ll get as a Mandarin Chinese learner, at least until you’re prepared to listen to and read native-level materials.

The lessons are all video-based. After watching the video lesson, you can download PDF lesson notes, test yourself with flashcards, take a quiz and listen to an audio review where you’re prompted to repeat after the native speaker twice.

Yoyo Chinese currently offers three Chinese reading courses and three conversational courses. The conversational courses are Beginner, Intermediate and Upper Intermediate, and the character courses are Character I, Character II and Character Reader.

In other words, it’s easy to see progress in your speaking, listening and reading all with this one website.

Each video series is spoken in Chinese and takes breaks in between to explain important vocabulary or grammar topics. By learning with CCTV Learn Chinese, you improve your vocabulary, grammar and listening comprehension skills even as an absolute beginner.

Their “Growing Up with Chinese” series is one of the most popular and features 100 episodes. It teaches 300 of the most common Chinese phrases and has a host to explain each one to learners after listening to a conversation.

Even though many of the websites on this list have their own built-in dictionary functions, a dedicated dictionary is essential to truly mastering reading and writing in Chinese. The YellowBridge dictionary is the best in part due to the sheer number of features it offers.

For each character you look up, you’ll get a stroke order animation, a list of different possible pronunciations and meanings, character frequency ranking and a whole host of other information. There’s also a thesaurus (a great resource once you’re doing your own writing), and you can look up the etymology of characters and words. There are also example words for all of the characters.

While the main attraction is the dictionary, there’s even more to YellowBridge. You’ll find a flashcard functionality, lessons about stroke order and HSK study guides.

Each lesson starts with a conversation you won’t understand. The lesson then introduces new words, sentences and grammar through having you repeat the native speaker and build sentences. At the end of the 30-minute lesson, you listen to the conversation again and can understand everything!

The Chinese course consists of five levels. Every level has 30 lessons, each lasting 30 minutes. Therefore, it’s extremely doable to complete an entire course in just one month at 30 minutes a day.

With the website, you can also access reading lessons, complete roleplay speaking challenges, practice with digital flashcards, earn badges for each lesson completion, test your knowledge in speed games and more.

Here’s a review of Pimsleur if you want to know more about the program. 

The foundation of the Rocket Languages method is to listen to audio lessons. This is a fabulous way to get used to understanding Chinese. Since it’s not video-based, it’s also great for listening while you’re doing something else (say, commuting or cleaning up around the house).

The pronunciation tool allows you to focus on getting your pronunciations to sound native, another one of Rocket Language’s major advantages.

Learn about the pros and cons of Rocket Languages here . 

Chinese idioms are a bit like vocabulary words; some are common, some are obscure. Some, like 马马虎虎 (ma ma hu hu, meaning “so so; mediocre”), are taught in the most basic Chinese lessons. It’s that much more interesting, though, to know that the idiom refers to a story about a painter who was so careless that you couldn’t tell if his painting was of a horse or of a tiger.

That’s why Chinese-Tools’ Chengyu story database is so useful. These stories have been simplified and rewritten for Chinese learners, but they provide enough of the basic Chengyu story for you to understand the idiom. The stories come with annotated Chinese, pinyin and English definitions.

These stories are like Chinese fairy tales. So not only are you getting reading practice with the story, but you’ll also get really important cultural information and have some common ground with Chinese native speakers.

Their grammar page is extremely in-depth and is organized by level. They have grammar topics from level A1 (absolute beginner) to level C1 (advanced).

They also have topics organized by HSK level. Simply scroll to the bottom of the page to find grammar lessons for HSK levels one through five.

You can also choose grammar lessons with specific characters or simply work your way through their list of tags, keywords, parts of speech and functions.

There’s an animated tool that shows you how to write individual characters, while worksheets provide guidance on effective learning methods and help you build good writing habits. One big advantage to Arch Chinese is that you can use the pre-made vocabulary lists, so you don’t have to spend a lot of time figuring out what to learn. You can just focus on learning.

A great starting point is Arch Chinese’s radical list. This will lay the groundwork for learning and understanding Chinese characters in a way that’s more than just rote memorization.

Arch Chinese also has a tone drill app that lets you practice tones both individually and as part of multi-character words. This is a fabulous way to internalize not only the individual tones, but also how the tones change as they are paired with other syllables as part of words.

From HSK (Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi) test preparation to beginner Mandarin courses, Udemy has a little something for everyone.

Great courses to start out with are the “Chinese Language for Beginners: Mandarin Chinese HSK 1-3” course and the “College Mandarin Chinese Course On Your Own: Beginning Level” course.

The purpose of MOOCs is to give learners as close to an in-class experience as possible —regardless of where they are. Many are structured like university courses and follow a syllabus, and others actually have start and end dates and are filled with tests, quizzes and homework assignments.

On Udemy, you get the best of both worlds— a structured Chinese course you can complete at your own pace.

This collection of Mandarin MOOCs includes courses like Mandarin Chinese Level 1, Mandarin Chinese Level 2, Mandarin Chinese Level 3, Mandarin Chinese Essentials, Mandarin Communication and Mandarin Chinese for Business.

Each course is free and self-paced, meaning you work through the course on your own time and don’t have to stick to a schedule or syllabus from a teacher. However, if you’d like to receive a verified certificate at the end of the course, you only have to pay a small fee.

Offered by Shanghai Jiao Tong University, this course is structured just like a university class but you can enroll for free. The class does have start and end dates, however, so if you’re unable to enroll at the moment, you can always check back for new offerings.

The course is five weeks long and by the end of it, learners will know 150 words, 20 language points and how to handle five real-life situations in Chinese. It takes approximately 10 hours to complete and follows a syllabus.

• Using the website actually advances your Chinese skills. That may sound obvious, but it can be easy to pick a website that’s more entertaining than effective. Look for websites that have strong philosophies behind their learning tools and positive testimonials from users. 
• It’s focused on specific learning goals. A website that’s great for learning characters but nothing else is a better choice than something that’s mediocre at everything.

Look for structured websites that can help you target your specific language weakness. Even broad, comprehensive language sites should be easy to navigate and offer different tools for different skills. 

• A good website is cost-effective . That doesn’t always mean free—it just means that the price is reasonable compared to value. The great thing about websites is that they’re usually quite accessible and offer a range of pricing plans. Generally speaking, it’s not necessary to spend as much money on a website program as you would on, say, a private tutor.

Does this inspire you to move your Mandarin Chinese language skills forward with a couple of great websites?

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The Best Way to Learn Mandarin

Last Updated: July 13, 2024 Fact Checked

• Improving Your Skills
• How to Practice & Become Fluent

Practice Translations and Answers

Expert q&a.

This article was written by Tian Zhou and by wikiHow staff writer, Johnathan Fuentes . Tian Zhou is a Language Specialist and the Founder of Sishu Mandarin, a Chinese Language School in the New York metropolitan area. Tian holds a Bachelor's Degree in Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language (CFL) from Sun Yat-sen University and a Master of Arts in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) from New York University. Tian also holds a certification in Foreign Language (&ESL) - Mandarin (7-12) from New York State and certifications in Test for English Majors and Putonghua Proficiency Test from The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China. He is the host of MandarinPod, an advanced Chinese language learning podcast. There are 19 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 1,350,517 times.

To learn Mandarin Chinese, begin by learning the tones and sounds used in the language. Learn simple vocabulary and phrases, and practice reading and writing Chinese characters. Immerse yourself in the language. Practice with a native speaker, listen to Chinese podcasts or watch Chinese films, take formal courses to improve your fluency—or even travel to China and use the language on a daily basis. This article explains how to do all of this, in detail. Read on to begin your journey towards mastering Mandarin Chinese. This article is based on an interview with our language specialist, Tian Zhou, founder of Sishu Mandarin. Check out the full interview here.

Things You Should Know

• Learn tones and sounds used in Mandarin. Memorize simple vocabulary, numbers, and basic conversational phrases to improve your fluency and pronunciation.
• Study basic Mandarin grammar and use the Pinyin phonetic system to learn pronunciation. Practice reading and writing Chinese characters as well.
• Practice speaking with a native speaker, take courses, and consume Chinese media. Be patient, as it takes about 2200 hours of study to become proficient in Mandarin.

Mastering the Basics

• The first tone is a high, flat tone. Your voice stays flat, with no rise or dip in the way it sounds. Using the word "ma" as an example, the first tone is indicated using the symbol above the letter a: "mā".
• The second tone is a rising tone. Your voice rises from a low to middle pitch, as if you were asking someone to repeat something by saying "Huh?" or "What?" The second tone is indicated using the symbol "má".
• The third tone is a dipping tone. The pitch goes from middle to low to high, like when you say the letter "B". When two third-tone syllables are near each other, the second one retains its third tone sound while the first takes the sound of the second tone. The third tone is indicated using the symbol "mǎ".
• The fourth tone is a lowering tone. The pitch goes rapidly from high to low as if giving a command e.g. stop! Or as if you're reading a book and have come across something new and interesting and are saying "huh". The fourth tone is indicated using the symbol "mà".
• Listen to examples of the tones spoken by a native speaker. This will help you understand what each tone sounds like.

• "h": Almost like English "h", but a little bit throatier.
• "x": Place the tip of your tongue near where your bottom teeth meet their gums and the middle of your tongue near the roof of your mouth. Then, blow air out of your mouth. It will sound similar to "sh", but closer to "s".
• "q": Just like "x" but use a "t" sound to start it. It will sound similar to "ch", but closer to "ts".
• "j": Similar to "q", but you'll need to use voice in this one. Instead of just breathing air out, do it with sound behind it. The difference between "q" and "j" is like the difference between "s" and "z" in English.
• "r": This letter makes a different sound when it's at the beginning of a syllable versus when it's at the end. When it is at the start, it's a tricky one and may need more practice. Take the tip of your tongue and lift it up until it almost touches the roof of your mouth. The sides of your tongue should touch around your back molars on either side. Then, breathe with your voice. It should almost sound like the "s" in "vision", but closer to "r". When this letter is at the end of a syllable, it sounds just like an "r" in English.
• "ü": This letter is the sixth vowel of Chinese, and is not one found in English. However, it is relatively easy to say. First, round your lips as if you were about to say "oo", as in "food". Then, make the sound of "ee" that you hear in "bee".
• "zh": Very similar to the English "j" in "jar", but position your mouth the same way as for Mandarin "r".
• "ch": Very similar to the English "ch" in "chew", but position your mouth the same way as for Mandarin "r".
• " sh": Very similar to the English "sh", but position your mouth the same way as for Mandarin "r". The sounds "r", "zh", "ch", and "sh" are known as the "retroflex" initials because they are a sound family of a sort.

• Some good vocabulary lists to start with include: times of day (morning: zǎo shàng; 早上 , afternoon: xià wǔ; 下午 , evening: wǎn shàng; 晚上 ) body parts (head: tóu; 头 , feet: jiǎo; 脚 , hands: shǒu; 手 ) food (beef: niú ròu; 牛肉 , chicken: jī; 鸡 , egg: jī dàn; 鸡蛋 , noodles: miàn tiáo; 面条 ) along with greetings, colors, days of the week, months, transport words, weather, etc.
• When you hear a word in English, think about how you would say it in Mandarin. If you don't know what it is, jot it down and look it up later. It's handy to keep a little notebook on you for this purpose. Attach little Chinese labels (with the character, the pinyin, and the pronunciation) to items around your house, such as the mirror, the coffee table, and the sugar bowl. You'll see the words so often that you'll learn them without realizing it!
• Although having a wide vocabulary is good, remember that in Mandarin, accuracy is more important. It's no good learning a word if you can't pronounce it properly, using the correct tone, as different pronunciations could have entirely different meanings. For example, using the wrong tone (using mā instead of má ) could be the difference between saying "I want cake" and "I want coke" - two completely different meanings.

When asked, “How long does it take to learn basic Mandarin?”

Godspeed Chen

Godspeed Chen, a Chinese translator, responded: “It might take you one or two weeks to learn some useful expressions. Becoming fluent can take one or more years .”

• One: written as (一) or yī , pronounced [eee]
• Two: written as (二) or èr , pronounced [err]
• Three: written as (三) or sān , pronounced [saan]
• Four: written as (四) or sì , pronounced [ssuh]
• Five: written as (五) or wǔ , pronounced [oo]
• Six: written as (六) or liù , pronounced [lee-yoe]
• Seven: written as (七) or qī , pronounced [chi]
• Eight: written as (八) or bā , pronounced [baa]
• Nine: written as (九) or jiǔ , pronounced [jee-yoe]
• Ten: written as (十) or shí , pronounced [sh]
• Once you have mastered numbers one to ten, continue counting in double digits by saying the number in the tens' position, then the word 十 , followed by the number in the one's position. For example:
• The number 48 is written as sì shí bā (四十八), literally meaning "four tens plus eight". The number 30 is written as sān shí (三十), literally meaning "three tens". The number 19 is written as yī shí jiǔ (一十九), literally meaning "one ten plus nine" (however in most Mandarin dialects the initial yī is omitted from numbers in the teens, as it is deemed unnecessary).
• The word for hundred in Mandarin is (百) or baǐ , so 100 is written as yì baǐ , 200 is written as èr baǐ , 300 is written as sān baǐ , etc.

• Hello - 你好- nǐhǎo, pronounced [nee how]
• What is your last name(surname)? ( formal )- 您贵姓? - nín guì xìng, pronounced [neen gway shing]
• or 你姓什么？- nǐ xìng shén me ( inf. ), pronounced [nee shing shurn muh]
• What's your name? - 你叫什么名字? - nǐ jiào shén me míng zì, pronounced [nee jee-ou shurn muh ming zi] [8] X Research source
• Yes - 是 - shì, pronounced [sh]
• No - 不是 - bú shì, pronounced [boo sh]
• Thank you - 谢谢 - xiè xiè, pronounced [shie shie]
• You're welcome - 不用谢 - bú yòng xiè, pronounced [boo yong shee-e]
• Excuse me - 对不起 - duì bu qǐ, pronounced [dway boo chee]
• I don't understand - 我不懂 - wǒ bù dǒng, pronounced [wuo boo downg]
• Goodbye - 再见 - zài jiàn, pronounced [zay jee-en]

Advancing Your Language Skills

• For instance, in Chinese, there are no complicated rules about conjugations, agreement, gender, plural nouns, or tenses. Most words consist of single syllables which are then combined to make compound words. This makes sentence construction fairly straightforward.
• However, Mandarin Chinese has other grammar rules that are not found in English or other Indo-European languages. For example, Mandarin uses grammatical features such as classifiers, topic-prominence, and preference for aspect. As these features are not used in English, they can be quite difficult for learners to grasp.
• However, despite the differences, Mandarin usually uses the same word order as English: subject - verb - object. This makes it possible to translate between the languages word-for-word. For example, the English phrase "he likes cats" is translated directly as "tā (he) xǐ huan (likes) māo (cats).

• Pinyin allows students of Mandarin to focus on their pronunciation, while also enabling them to read and write, without needing to learn complex Chinese characters. Although Pinyin uses the Roman alphabet, the pronunciation of its letters is often not intuitive to English speakers, which is why it must be studied carefully before it can be used.
• For example, the letter "c" in Pinyin is pronounced like the "ts" in the word "bits", the letter "e" is pronounced like the "er" in the word "hers" and the letter "q" is pronounced like the "ch" in the word "cheap". Due to these differences, it’s important to learn the correct Pinyin pronunciations before using it as a guide.
• Although learning Pinyin pronunciations may seem like a pain, it can be extremely beneficial to your language learning and is still significantly easier than learning to recognize the traditional Chinese characters.

Tip: Keep in mind that the tone (symbol) above each letter should be placed on top of a vowel that is first in the alphabet. This means that it’s “hǎo” and not “haǒ.”

• According to the BBC, there are over 50,000 Chinese characters in existence, however, most of these are rarely, if ever, used. An educated Chinese person will probably know about 8000 characters, but only about 2000 of these are necessary to read a newspaper. [12] X Research source
• Familiarize yourself with the 214 "radicals.” These are specific symbols that come together to form all Chinese characters. Some radicals can stand on their own as independent characters, while others are used only within more complex characters.
• Always follow the correct stroke order when writing the characters. There are specific rules to follow, such as left to right, top to bottom, and horizontal before vertical, depending on the character.
• There are many Chinese workbooks available that teach you how to write characters. These are usually intended for schoolchildren, but are useful to anyone attempting to learn Chinese characters. IBuy one which is designed for English speakers. For example, 快乐汉语 from Hanban has an English translation.

Immersing Yourself in the Language

• If you have a Mandarin-speaking friend, ask if they are willing to practice speaking with you. Otherwise, search online for Mandarin conversation groups in your area.
• If you can't locate any Mandarin speakers nearby, search online for language exchange programs with Mandarin speakers who are learning English. Some may be willing to exchange 15 minutes of Mandarin conversation for 15 minutes of English.
• Join [ QQ , a chat service that is very popular in China featuring many language learning groups/rooms. Most members are native Chinese speakers learning English.

• Check for Mandarin courses at a local college, university, school, or community center.
• If you are currently enrolled at a college or university, take a Mandarin course at your institution.

• Pause the video after a simple sentence and repeat what has just been said. This will lend your Chinese accent an air of authenticity!
• Check your local library for Chinese films, or ask if they’re able to obtain some for you.

• Get a Mandarin Chinese radio app on your phone and listen to it on the go.
• Download Chinese podcasts to listen to while exercising or doing housework.

• Study abroad in China if you are currently enrolled in a college or university. This allows you to study Mandarin in China while earning credit towards your degree. [17] X Research source
• Participate in an international exchange program, such as Rotary International, which allows students to live with a host family in China for up to a year. You’ll need permission from a parent or guardian if you’re under 18. [18] X Research source

Our Expert Agrees: The best way to learn Mandarin, like most other languages, is full immersion. Living in or visiting China will help you learn Mandarin much faster.

• 2200 hours is the estimate for reaching “General Professional Proficiency,” according to the U.S. State Department, which provides foreign language training to U.S. diplomats.
• This means it takes roughly 2200 hours of study to be able to speak Mandarin in formal situations, such as with coworkers, but you won’t necessarily be completely fluent.

Reader Videos

• If possible, taking at least an introductory course on Mandarin at your school or local college can be an excellent way to be confident and accurate in your pronunciation and tones. Getting the basics down can help you have a good springboard for further studies on your own. Make sure the course is conducted in Mandarin and not in English. English teachers who go to teach in China are expected to speak in English, not Chinese. Thanks Helpful 1 Not Helpful 0
• By and large, Chinese people are very proud of their culture, and enjoy helping people learn their language. Don't be afraid to ask for help or practice with a native speaker. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 1
• Persistence is key! If you think you know a lot, be sure not to just stop reviewing and studying it, you will forget what you have learned. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 1

Tips from our Readers

• Try to speak with native Mandarin speakers to practice the language, and don't get discouraged if they don't understand you right away. Keep a growth mindset and keep practicing no matter what!
• Try watching TV dramas that are made in Mandarin. Start by watching with subtitles, then try without once you know the characters better and improve your understanding of Mandarin.
• Chinese characters can be remembered by using mnemonics. For example, 人(rén, person) looks like a person walking!

• If you learn something offensive, you should only say it jokingly and not seriously as some Chinese curses can be very strong. Thanks Helpful 68 Not Helpful 29

You Might Also Like

• ↑ Tian Zhou. Language Specialist. Expert Interview. 19 March 2021.
• ↑ https://www.ucl.ac.uk/atlas/mandarin/four-tones.html
• ↑ https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/res-21g-003-learning-chinese-a-foundation-course-in-mandarin-spring-2011/01af9a25b804b7d58a26fa580691df4f_MITRES_21G_003S11_pinyin.pdf
• ↑ https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zk76ncw/articles/zkpj2sg
• ↑ https://www.travelandleisure.com/travel-tips/basic-mandarin-chinese-words-phrases
• ↑ http://www.freechineselessons.com/lessons/beginner/lesson-two-what-is-your-name/
• ↑ https://repository.library.northeastern.edu/files/neu:rx915j987/fulltext.pdf
• ↑ http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/chinese/real_chinese/mini_guides/characters/characters_howmany.shtml
• ↑ https://meet.nyu.edu/advice/mandarin-beginners/
• ↑ https://youtu.be/_f7AkEdmqpI?si=43BF03UCOJQVWyeu&t=228
• ↑ https://youtu.be/_f7AkEdmqpI?si=qDL0JVFu9lDUkOLx&t=211V
• ↑ https://www.brandeis.edu/grall/chinese/undergraduate/abroad.html
• ↑ https://www.rotarychina.org
• ↑ https://www.state.gov/foreign-language-training/
• Wikipedia article on Mandarin Chinese
• http://mandarin.about.com/od/educationlearning/tp/learn_by_step.htm
• http://www.omniglot.com/chinese/mandarin.htm
• https://wikitravel.org/en/Chinese_phrasebook
• http://www.tour-beijing.com/beijing_travel/Chinese_Phrases_for_travelers.php#8

About This Article

If you want to learn Mandarin Chinese, start by practicing the 4 Mandarin tones, which are ways of changing your voice to say the same word in different ways to mean different things. Start building your vocabulary by memorizing and saying out loud common words, like greetings and food names. Try learning to count to 10, which actually lets you count to 99 since number vocabulary in Mandarin is repetitive! Finally, learn some basic phrases, like "please" and “thank you.” For more suggestions on how to learn Mandarin Chinese, including moving past the basics and immersing yourself in the language, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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Homeschool Chinese: Writing Chinese Characters

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When my son first started, we didn’t insist that he work on characters. Even now, after a year of study, our focus is on conversation and building vocabulary. The characters he knows he has become familiar with over time. It is amazing how much he can remember without the character practice. If there are particular characters that our teacher feels he should now, he will ask that he practice writing them 10x each. However, he doesn’t expect this regularly. Our ultimate goal is that they both enjoy learning the language.

I’m working through My First Chinese Words with my 6yo and 7yo. My 6yo gets overwhelmed writing the characters – too much, she says. Would you recommend I still insist on it? Or can she wait a year until she’s in 2nd grade?

Kids definitely get overwhelmed with writing the characters, so just choose a couple to start off with. You can even just start off with 1. Since each of the Chinese characters is a pictogram, sometimes it helps to give the kids a bit of background of how the word was developed. We have a DVD collection called the Magical Chinese Characters that uses animation to tell a short story of how a Chinese character was developed. It helps to make the Chinese characters a bit more approachable and memorable in terms of what to write.

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Explainer: what makes Chinese maths lessons so good?

Associate Professor, Beijing Normal University

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Chinese students begin learning their maths facts at a very early age: maths textbooks begin with multiplication in the first semester of second grade, when children are seven years old. In order to understand multiplication, pupils have to memorise the multiplication rhyme: “four times eight is 32, five times eight is 40” and so on, which was invented by ancient Chinese scholars 2,200 years ago.

Stemming from this tradition, most classrooms have few concrete teaching materials for maths lessons. The cultural traditions of Chinese maths education lead people to believe that routine practice is the most efficient way to learn.

This continues today. And as a result, schools in Shanghai have scored highly in recent years on international tests of maths ability. It is this aptitude for maths among Chinese schoolchildren that has led the UK government to announce plans to bring over 60 maths teachers from Shanghai to help teach in centres of excellence.

15 hours a week

The Chinese curriculum in maths is a nine-year programme divided into four mathematical stages, running from primary school to grade 9, when a child is 14 years old. The curriculum sets out four teaching periods a week for maths in primary and junior high schools. However, most schools arrange more than five periods each week.

Because of China’s standardised curriculum and teaching, the national exam system, and the one child policy , teachers and parents in China have big expectations for their students from early on. There is a high degree of parental involvement and parents prioritise their children’s education, especially in maths, which is one of three core curricular in national exams.

A typical teaching period in primary schools is approximately 40 minutes, extending to 45 minutes in secondary school. Teachers often set at least half an hour of homework every day for primary school pupils and more for secondary pupils. So it’s normal for Chinese pupils, particularly secondary and high school students, to spend more than 15 hours per week on maths both in and outside the classroom.

Made to understand

A new compulsory mathematics curriculum was introduced in 2001 and revised in 2011, setting out standards for “number and algebra”, “space and graph”, “statistics and probability” and “practice and applications”.

The goal of maths education in China is to develop conceptual and procedural knowledge through rigid practice. In comparison, the UK maths curriculum is less focused and consistent. China uses whole-class instruction, engaging all students in the material and prompting feedback. This is different to the UK model teaching of maths, which is more focused on small groups and individual attention.

Chinese students are taught to understand numerical relationships and to develop and prove their solutions to problems in front of the whole class. This means students understand whole concepts of maths, allowing them to apply previous knowledge to help them learn new topics.

When a Chinese teacher introduces a new topic, they tend to use different kinds of examples that vary in difficulty .

This way of teaching with variation has been applied either consciously or intuitively in China for a long time . In class, maths teachers also emphasise logical reasoning, prompting pupils with questions such as “why?”, “how?” and “what if?”.

Chinese maths teachers also emphasise the use of precise and elegant mathematical language. In secondary school maths exams, if pupils do not write according to the mathematical format required, marks will be deducted .

Teachers’ time

Nearly all Chinese teachers teach a single subject, rather than multiple subjects. Most of them teach only two classes per day in primary and secondary schools. But compared with their counterparts in the UK, most Chinese math teachers have to deal with larger class sizes without streaming for ability.

Chinese maths teachers usually spend a considerable amount of time each day writing out detailed lesson plans, or correcting homework and marking examination papers. They also have access once a week to locally-organised teachers’ research groups, where they can get suggestions for good lesson plans.

Compared with their counterparts in the UK, Chinese maths teachers are not very good at integrating concepts across the curriculum. Even though pupils spend 15 hours per week learning maths, teachers often complain that they lack time in their teaching schedule. They have to deal with frequent grade-level tests every two or three weeks and school level tests every term.

Some good maths teachers, particularly those who come from quality schools, encourage pupils to learn about the interrelationship mathematics has with daily life. They also give full consideration to meeting the individual needs of the students. They frequently use active participation to check for individual understanding during a lesson, and integrate methods and real life projects in teaching mathematics.

However, most pupils in rural areas have few chances to access to this high-quality teaching. Many Chinese teachers who face the pressure of an examination-oriented education system do not see a reason to do activities that connect maths to real-life. It’s easier to just give students the information required and teach them the process.

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It’s always good to mix sources for your child’s Chinese language study. This is why it’s good to, aside taking a language course for kids at GoEast, watch Chinese movies for kids, apps for kids, or read from Chinese books for kids. This isn’t just more fun, it’s also educationally sound. These layers of different skills are applied together. And this is also why adding worksheets to the mix is educational.

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Homework burden eases for Chinese students

The amount of time primary and middle school students in China spent on homework fell from 3.03 hours a day in 2016 to 2.87 hours in 2017, but it is still far higher than in other countries, according to a research report.

Experts and parents have called for reasonable amounts of homework and an evaluation system for students based on more than just examinations, while teachers advise parents not to focus on competition.

The report by afanti100.com, a Chinese online education service provider, is based on a survey of 446,836 students in 31 provincial areas, with 56.7 percent from primary schools, 38.6 percent from middle schools, and 8.7 percent from high schools.

The research indicated that it took primary and middle school students less time to finish their homework in 2017 than in 2016. The average time per day decreased to 2.87 hours－2.64 hours for primary school students and 2.94 hours for high school students.

Although the average time fell, it was still more than other countries－twice the global average, in fact.

At the end of 2017, the Ministry of Education introduced a standard for managing schools under the compulsory education period. It demanded that families and schools should cooperate to guarantee 10 hours of sleep for primary students and nine hours of sleep for middle school students.

However, the online education platform's report showed that more than 80 percent of students go to bed later than 10 pm every day.

In 2013, the Ministry of Education also issued a regulation on primary school pupils' homework, saying that there should be no written homework for Grade 1 and 2 students, and less than an hour of written homework for other grades. But the ministry is yet to introduce any rules on homework for middle school students.

Liu Xuchen, 13, is studying at Hefei Shouchun Middle School, Anhui province, and will take the high school entrance examination this summer. Liu said most of her classmates spend nearly four hours on homework every day.

"I feel tired every evening and my homework is for seven subjects, all of which will be tested in the exam," Liu said.

Those seven subjects are Chinese, math, English, physics, chemistry, political education and history. But not all the subjects carry the same weight in the examination. Chinese, math and English have the highest scores of 150 points while the others range from 60 to 90.

Another problem Liu faces is the difficulty of her homework. She said a hard math question could take her nearly 30 minutes.

According to the report, 85 percent of students experience negative emotions when doing their homework, including getting upset and losing their temper. And 76 percent of parents argue with their children when helping them with their homework.

"I think teachers should create a balance between the number of hard and easy questions," Liu said.

Unlike Liu's school in Anhui, schools in other areas assign less homework.

Yuan Hairong is a teacher with almost 20 years of experience at the Experimental High School Attached to Beijing Normal University."Most of our students who will take the high school entrance exam this year spend two and a half hours at most on homework every day," he said.

Unlike Anhui, Beijing's exam only tests five subjects－political education and history are not included.

"But many parents send their children to tutorial classes for those five subjects, which also occupies a lot of time," Yuan added. "Many parents don't want to see their children left behind, so they arrange extra classes and homework."

Chu Zhaohui, a researcher at the National Institute of Education Sciences, said it's the single evaluation system for students that leads to the homework burden. "The schools only assess students' development using scores and ranks.

"The government and society must try to enrich the assessment system, which would help students find advantages in different ways rather than focusing only on passing examinations."

Zhang Haoqiang, principal of the Hangzhou Shengli Experimental School in Zhejiang province, said: "We should focus on reducing redundant homework. After all, homework is a key method to consolidate knowledge.

"We cannot ease students' homework burden by simply reducing the quantity, but by improving the homework quality so that they can achieve more through doing less homework."

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Another Chinese doping controversy pops up during Olympic swimming competition

Gold medalist, Torri Huske, center, of the United States, stands with silver medalist, Gretchen Walsh, left, of the United States, and bronze medalist Zhang Yufei, of China, on the podium after the women’s 100-meter butterfly final at the 2024 Summer Olympics, Sunday, July 28, 2024, in Nanterre, France. (AP Photo/Bernat Armangue)

Yufei Zhang, of China, poses with her bronze medal following women’s 100-meter butterfly final at the 2024 Summer Olympics, Sunday, July 28, 2024, in Nanterre, France. (AP Photo/Matthias Schrader)

Bronze medalist team China, pose for the media after the women’s 4x100-meter freestyle relay final at the 2024 Summer Olympics, Saturday, July 27, 2024, in Nanterre, France. (AP Photo/Ashley Landis)

Gold medalists from Australia, middle, stand with silver medalists from the United States, left, and bronze medalists from China on the podium after the women’s 4x100-meter freestyle relay at the 2024 Summer Olympics, Saturday, July 27, 2024, in Nanterre, France. (AP Photo/Matthias Schrader)

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NANTERRE, France (AP) — Another Chinese doping allegation has flared up at the Paris Games, angering some swimmers who say officials need to enforce drug-testing rules consistently.

The New York Times reported Tuesday that two top Chinese swimmers — including one on this year’s Olympic team — tested positive for a banned steroid in 2022 but were eventually cleared to compete by Chinese officials.

The Times cited two people with knowledge of the matter but did not name them.

This is the third incident reported over the last several months by the Times and others in which the Chinese have blamed food contamination for positive drug tests. The World Anti-Doping Agency accepted the results of the Chinese investigations.

“I saw the report this morning,” American star Katie Ledecky said on Tuesday. “I think I’ve made my thoughts clear . It’s disappointing.”

Italian distance swimmer Simona Quadarella said athletes aren’t sure the testing system works in many countries.

“I think we need some answers from this situation,” she said. “We really don’t have confidence, in the situation, in the testing system — in the testing system in other parts of the world.”

In the most widely reported incident, 11 swimmers named to the Chinese Olympic team were among 23 who tested positive for a banned substance six months before the Tokyo Olympics in 2021. They were allowed to compete and went on to win gold medals in three events. One of those swimmers, Zhang Yufei , has won two bronzes in France, one in the women’s 100 butterfly and another as part of the 4x100 freestyle relay.

Chinese swimmers in Paris have pushed back against doping allegations and say they are tested more than athletes from other countries.

Rob Koehler, the general director of the athletes’ advocacy body Global Athlete, criticized WADA in an email to The Associated Press.

Paris Olympics

• Algerian boxer Imane Khelif clinches a medal in women’s boxing after outcry fueled by gender misconceptions
• Simone Biles wins another gold , and Sha’Carri Richardson and Katie Ledecky also seek big wins today .
• Meanwhile, this millennia-old port city is hosting Olympic sailing.
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• Check out the Olympic schedule of events and follow all of AP’s coverage of the Summer Games .
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“This is another devastating blow to the credibility of both WADA and World Aquatics, and to clean sport,” he said, referring to the global governing body of swimming. “With this new information, athletes and advocates are resigned to the fact that the guardians of the World Anti-Doping Code are no longer fit for purpose.”

Koehler worked as a deputy director of WADA until 2018.

In a statement, WADA acknowledged the two Chinese swimmers had tested positive and were provisionally suspended for “trace amounts of a prohibited substance metandienone,” a powerful muscle-builder known on the street as D-Bol. The provisional suspension lasted about a year.

WADA said the Chinese anti-doping agency, CHINADA, conducted testing on “hundreds of meat samples from various sources with dozens revealing positive results for metandienone.”

WADA said CHINADA closed the case late in 2023 “without asserting a violation,” which lifted the provisional suspensions.

WADA also said it “is generally concerned about the number of cases that are being closed without sanction when it is not possible to challenge the contamination theory.”

It pointed out “several” similar cases in the past few months in the United States. Many U.S. cases, including a highly publicized one involving sprinter Erriyon Knighton , deal with substances such as trenbolone, which, unlike D-Bol, are usually given to promote muscle growth and appetite in livestock.

The U.S. Anti-Doping Agency, which handled that case, released a statement from its CEO, Travis Tygart, who is one of the most outspoken critics of WADA.

“It’s crushing news to wake up to for all athletes and fans of the Olympic movement that the failures of the global anti-doping system have overshadowed what should be a moment to bring the world together,” he said.

One of the two swimmers mentioned in the latest Times report is Tang Muhan, who was on the 4x200 freestyle relay team that won gold and set a world record three years ago in the Tokyo Olympics.

The American team finished second and also broke the previous world mark.

Tang was named to China’s Olympic team this year, and she could swim Thursday in the 4x200 relay.

AP Summer Olympics: https://apnews.com/hub/2024-paris-olympic-games

How much money do Olympians make for winning gold in Paris?

The amount of prize money gold-winning olympians can earn varies by country., by jermell prigeon • published july 29, 2024 • updated on july 30, 2024 at 7:36 am.

Thousands of athletes from around the world are competing in the 2024 Paris Olympics with hopes of bringing home shiny, gold medals — and stacks of prize money.

How much money? Well, the amount Olympians can earn in Paris varies by country.

For Team USA , the U.S. Olympic and Paralympic Committee pays its winning athletes $37,500 for gold medals, $22,500 for silver and $15,000 for bronze medals. Similar to the US, the Canadian Olympic Committee says it will pay $20,000 for gold, $15,000 for silver and $10,000 for bronze.

24/7 New York news stream: Watch NBC 4 free wherever you are

These amounts fail in comparison to what Hong Kong will dish out to its gold-winning athletes: $6,000,000 HK. That’s equivalent to $768,232 US dollars.

2024 Paris Olympics: See dates, sports, how to watch and more

Here are the rules for the 2024 Olympics in Paris

Get to know Team USA Olympians ahead of the 2024 Paris Olympics

In a historic move, World Athletics announced in April that it will become the first international federation to award prize money to athletes at an Olympics. The governing body for track and field says it will pay $50,000 to athletes who win gold in all 48 track and field events in Paris.

329 medal events. 32 sports. Endless drama. Catch all the action at the Paris Olympics. Sign up for our free Olympics Headlines newsletter.

World Athletics says the incentive will also be expanded to silver and bronze medals at the 2028 Los Angeles Olympics .

While some countries may offer monetary prizes to its winning athletes, others offer alternative prizes.

For instance, the Republic of Kazakhstan approved a legal act to award its winning Olympians with apartments. The winner of a gold medal will receive a three-bedroom apartment. A silver-winner will get a two-bedroom, and a one-bedroom will be awarded for a bronze medal.

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Phryge, the mascot of the Paris 2024 Olympic Games, cheers at the women's group B match between the U.S. and Zambia on Thursday. Marc Atkins/Getty Images hide caption

The Paris Olympics are finally here. More than 10,000 athletes have descended on the French capital for more than two weeks of competition, patriotism and potential drama. NPR’s own Olympics team will bring you recaps, coverage and color — including on the ground in Paris — online and on air over the next few weeks.

Chinese swimmers at Paris Olympics deny doping accusations as diplomatic row grows

Fei Liwei, of China, competes during a heat in the men's 400-meter freestyle at the 2024 Summer Olympics on Saturday in Nanterre, France. He's one of 11 Chinese swimmers competing in Paris who face questions over a 2021 sports doping case. Martin Meissner/AP hide caption

NPR is in Paris for the 2024 Summer Olympics. For more of our coverage from the games head to our latest updates.

NANTERRE, France — Standing in a scrum of reporters Saturday night, after competing in the Olympic 400 meter freestyle final , China's Fei Liwei shrugged off questions about the doping scandal that has embroiled his national team .

"Our Chinese government on our team always tells us we have the clean model and the clean results and our results right now are based on hard work and training," Fei said, speaking through an interpreter.

Swimmers score first Paris gold for U.S. in men's relay final

The 21-year-old from Hangzhou is one of 23 elite Chinese swimmers who tested positive for a performance-enhancing drug in 2021 ahead of the last Summer Games in Tokyo .

Eleven of those athletes are scheduled to compete in Paris.

Among them is two-time Olympic gold medal winner Zhang Yufei, who also told reporters she rejects the doping claims.

But in comments reported by the AFP news service, Zhang acknowledged the scandal and questions raised by fellow athletes weigh on her.

"I am very worried that my good friends to look at me with colored (suspicious) eyes and they do not want to compete with me," Zhang said.

Zhang Yufei, of China, competes during a heat in the women's 100-meter butterfly at the 2024 Summer Olympics on Saturday in Nanterre, France. Ashley Landis/AP hide caption

Positive drug tests, kept quiet

The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), the lead global organization monitoring drug use by athletes, now acknowledges it kept the 2021 results secret and accepted China's explanation that the positive tests were the result of accidental contamination.

WADA never conducted its own independent investigation and allowed the athletes to continue competing without interruption.

U.S. figure skaters to receive team gold medal after delays tied to Valieva doping

"We believe we are clean," Fei said. "We cooperate on all the tests with WADA. We oppose doping."

His comments came on a day when two other Chinese swimmers who tested positive in 2021 won an Olympic bronze medal in the women's 4-by-100 freestyle relay final.

The women were scheduled to take part in a press conference after their win, but failed to appear.

U.S. faces growing pushback over case

While Chinese athletes face intense scrutiny, the U.S. finds itself facing growing diplomatic pushback from international sports officials - and from official Chinese media.

At issue are American probes into WADA's handling of the case.

Olympic officials try to crush U.S. probes of China doping, threaten Salt Lake Games

Last week, the International Olympic Committee threatened to revoke Salt Lake City's 2034 Winter Games unless the U.S. backs off investigations by the U.S. Congress and the Justice Department.

Ingmar De Vos, an IOC committee member from Belgium said the criminal probe launched by the U.S. Department of Justice is "extremely worrying and basically, for us, unacceptable."

In a press conference in Paris, the head of WADA, Witold Banka, blasted the U.S. and suggested that American athletes are the ones who should be drug-tested more aggressively.

Echoing the IOC's accusation, Banka described U.S. concerns as part of a diplomatic power play designed to give American officials more clout.

"It’s highly incorrect that one country to impose jurisdiction on antidoping decisions on the rest of the world," Banka said.

Witold Banka, president of the World Anti-Doping Agency, attends a press conference at the 2024 Summer Olympics on Thursday in Paris, France. Michel Euler/AP/AP hide caption

During the press conference where Banka appeared, Chinese media repeatedly suggested their nation's athletes are being treated unfairly, with more aggressive testing in the lead-up to the Paris Olympics compared with other nations.

U.S. not backing down

WADA officials have said repeatedly that the case was handled properly, while refusing to explain why the test results were kept secret in an apparent break with drug testing protocol.

Swimmer Michael Phelps says China doping scandal threatens the Olympic movement

So far at least, U.S. officials appear unwilling to back down. In a statement sent to NPR, U.S. lawmakers on a House panel probing the China doping scandal said pressure to drop their inquiry was inappropriate.

“It speaks volumes that the IOC would...protect WADA rather than work together to ensure it is fulfilling its mission to protect clean sport," the statement said.

Former Olympic athletes Michael Phelps (left) and Allison Schmitt (right), listen as Travis Tygart, CEO of the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency, center, testifies during a Congressional hearing examining Anti-Doping Measures in Advance of the 2024 Olympics, on Capitol Hill, Tuesday, June 25, 2024, in Washington. Rod Lamkey/AP hide caption

The head of the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency, Travis Tygart, suggested in a statement that diplomatic pressure to drop the case is part of an on-going coverup.

"If WADA has nothing to hide, they would welcome the chance to answer questions, not run and hide," Tygart said. "There are basic unanswered questions of how WADA allowed China to sweep 23 tests under the rug."

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How many athletes compete in the Olympics, and more details by the numbers for the 2024 Paris Games

By Mary Cunningham , Taylor Johnston

Updated on: July 30, 2024 / 8:32 AM EDT / CBS News

This year, athletes from 184 countries will take to the world stage to compete in the 2024 Paris Olympics , which will unfold over a two-week period between July 26 and Aug. 11.

Together these athletes represent 206 National Olympic Committees , the organizational vehicle for countries at the Games.

Here's more about the athletes of the 2024 Paris Games, by the numbers.

How many total athletes usually compete in the Olympics?

The number of athletes fluctuates each year, and depends on whether it's they're competing in the Summer or Winter Games. The Olympic Winter Games typically have around 2,900 athletes from 80 national committees, according to Olympics.com , while the Summer Games tend to amass a larger crowd.

Over the years, the number of athletes in the summer games has steadily increased . Since the 1996 Atlanta Games, the number of participants has surpassed 10,000. That's a big jump from the 1924 Paris Olympics, when just over 3,000 people competed.

The Rio Olympics in 2016 holds the record for the most athletes at the Summer Games: 11,238.

How many total athletes are competing in the 2024 Paris Olympics?

Around 10,500 athletes are set to take part in the Paris Games , plus coaches and team officials.

These athletes compete not as countries , but as members of "National Olympic Committees." This year, there are 206 committees.

Russia and Belarus were banned from competing due to the ongoing war in Ukraine , but athletes from those countries will still compete as " Individual Neutral Athletes " under a neutral flag. 

Thirty-seven athletes will compete as part of the Refugee Olympic Team .

Which country has the most athletes competing in the Paris Games?

At 594 athletes, the United States will have the largest presence at the Olympics. Trailing the U.S. is France, with 572 athletes, and future Games host Australia, with 460 athletes.

On the opposite end of the scale, four countries – Belize, Liechtenstein, Nauru and Somalia – are sending just one athlete each to compete at the Olympics.

Which country has the most athletes per capita in the 2024 Olympics?

Among countries with populations exceeding 1 million, Slovenia ranked first. For countries with populations below 1 million, the Cook Islands came out on top.

How many athletes are on the U.S. Olympic team?

The United States is sending a total of 594   athletes to the Olympics who will compete in more than 30 sports ranging from badminton to breaking .

Countries competing in the Games, along with how many athletes from each country

• Afghanistan, 6
• Algeria, 45
• American Samoa, 2
• Antigua and Barbuda, 5
• Argentina, 136
• Armenia, 15
• Australia, 460
• Austria, 81
• Azerbaijan, 47
• Bahamas, 18
• Bahrain, 14
• Bangladesh, 5
• Barbados, 4
• Belgium, 165
• Bosnia and Herzegovina, 5
• Botswana, 13
• Brazil, 277
• Brunei Darussalam, 3
• Bulgaria, 46
• Burkina Faso, 8
• Cabo Verde, 7
• Cambodia, 3
• Cameroon, 6
• Canada, 316
• Cayman Islands, 4
• Central African Republic, 4
• Chinese Taipei, 60
• Colombia, 88
• Comoros, 4 
• Cook Islands, 2
• Costa Rica, 6
• Croatia, 73
• Czechia, 112
• Côte d'Ivoire, 13
• Democratic People's Republic of Korea, 16
• Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, 4
• Democratic Republic of the Congo, 6
• Denmark, 123
• Djibouti, 7
• Dominica, 4
• Dominican Republic, 57
• Ecuador, 40
• El Salvador, 8
• Equatorial Guinea, 3
• Eritrea, 13
• Estonia, 24
• Eswatini, 3
• Ethiopia, 32
• Federated States of Micronesia, 3
• Finland, 56
• France, 572
• Georgia, 28
• Germany, 427
• Great Britain, 327
• Greece, 101
• Guatemala, 16
• Guinea , 24
• Guinea-Bissau, 6
• Honduras, 4
• Hong Kong, China, 34
• Hungary, 169
• Indonesia, 29
• Ireland, 133
• Islamic Republic of Iran, 39
• Jamaica, 63
• Kazakhstan, 79
• Kiribati, 3
• Kyrgyzstan, 16
• Lao People's Democratic Republic, 4
• Lebanon, 10
• Liechtenstein, 1
• Lithuania, 50
• Luxembourg, 13
• Madagascar, 7
• Malaysia, 26
• Maldives, 5
• Marshall Islands, 4
• Mauritania, 2
• Mauritius, 13
• Mexico, 106
• Mongolia, 32
• Montenegro, 19
• Morocco, 60
• Mozambique, 7
• Netherlands, 276
• New Zealand, 195
• Nicaragua, 7
• Nigeria, 85
• North Macedonia, 7
• Norway, 105
• Pakistan, 7
• Palestine, 8
• Papua New Guinea, 6
• Paraguay, 28
• People's Republic of China, 388
• Philippines, 22
• Poland, 214
• Portugal, 73
• Puerto Rico, 51
• Refugee Olympic Team, 37
• Republic of Korea, 141
• Republic of Moldova, 25
• Romania, 107
• Saint Kitts and Nevis, 3
• Saint Lucia, 4
• San Marino, 5
• Sao Tome and Principe, 3
• Saudi Arabia, 9
• Senegal, 11
• Serbia, 112
• Seychelles, 3
• Sierra Leone, 5
• Singapore, 23
• Slovakia, 28
• Slovenia, 90
• Solomon Islands, 3
• South Africa, 138
• South Sudan, 14
• Sri Lanka, 6
• St Vincent and the Grenadines, 4
• Suriname, 5
• Sweden, 117
• Switzerland, 127
• Syrian Arab Republic, 6
• Tajikistan, 14
• Thailand, 51
• Trinidad and Tobago, 17
• Tunisia, 27
• Turkmenistan, 6
• Turkey, 100
• Ukraine, 140
• United Arab Emirates, 13
• United Republic of Tanzania, 7
• United States of America, 594
• Uruguay, 25
• Uzbekistan, 86
• Venezuela, 32
• Vietnam, 16
• Virgin Islands, British 4
• Virgin Islands, US, 5
• Zimbabwe, 7
• Individual Neutral Athletes from Russia and Belarus, 31

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How Chinese American women are at the intersection of the pressure to be thin

There’s a lot traditionally passed down through Asian families: values, traditions, language. Pressure to be thin also seems to be on the list for Asian American women. 

Take, for instance, the Reddit discussion titled “Asian moms and their terrible body image issues.”

“I was always told that I was too fat, but at the same time my mom shows her love through food and is always shoving food at me,” a user wrote. Then there’s the Cold Tea Collective , which published an article with tips for dealing with fat-shaming in an Asian family. Thick Dumpling Skin on Tumblr shares blog posts about body image, offering a place for “hungry Asian voices to be heard.”

A new study released Wednesday by PLOS ONE examines those deep-rooted East Asian body standards, as well as the pressure Western social media puts on white women when it comes to body image. The study assessed women’s positive feelings about their bodies and found that both Chinese and white Western women idealize thin bodies significantly more than Black Nigerian women.

These groups, specifically, were surveyed to capture globally diverse experiences and represent people who aren’t always included in existing research, the study says.

The study also found that Chinese women reported feeling pressure about their appearance from family members and that white Western women reported feeling that pressure from social media. While the study doesn’t examine Chinese American women in particular, the findings suggest that the pressures may be twofold for the group.

“You almost would have it bad from both ways,” Louise Hanson, one of the authors of the study, told NBC News.

Scarlett Hao, a Chinese plus-size fashion influencer who moved to the U.S. as a teenager, said that when she was young, pressure from family members, teachers and peers led her to intense dieting and struggles with her body image. She said Chinese beauty standards haven’t changed.

“I feel the beauty standard is not catching up with how the society and environment changes nowadays,” Hao said. “People keep the old beauty standard. That’s why everyone is still using the old standard to judge you.”

Hanson said one reason Chinese women feel the most pressure from family members and peers may be that East Asian families tend to eat meals together more than others. As a result, Chinese women are more likely to have conversations about things like portion size with their families, leading to lower levels of body appreciation.

However, peer pressure doesn’t arise just through direct comments — the way family members and friends act can also affect a woman’s sense of body appreciation. “If you have a friend who comments about their own body — for example, they say ‘I’m eating so much today’ in a negative way — then that influences you, as well,” Hanson said.

The study suggests that the cultural value of thinness is intergenerational in Chinese culture. Chinese women reported thin ideal internalization throughout their lifetimes, whereas white Western women’s view of thinness as ideal diminished as they got older.

Research has also found that the Chinese idealization of thinness is connected to the belief that meeting that ideal has socioeconomic benefits, such as attracting male partners, a phenomenon Hanson called “body as currency.”

A Reddit user said body shaming by Asian parents was “unsolicited advice.” “I think deep down it’s at least somewhat tied to the idea of filial piety (they gave you life and expect you to be beholden to them and their opinions),” the user wrote.

For Chinese women living in the West, pressure from both peers and the media may come together to reinforce thinness as the ideal. White Western women reported feeling significantly higher pressure from the media, as well as the lowest body appreciation among all groups.

Still, Hanson said, one surprising result of the study was that while Chinese women reported the most pressure overall, they still appreciated their bodies more than white Western women did.

Hao said that when she first started using social media in the U.S. in 2015, she was welcomed into an inclusive online community of plus-size women. She said the U.S. market catered to plus-size women much more than in China, where she could never find fashionable clothes in her size. “Once you are over a certain size, there’s not many options. You’ve got to wear very basic and normal ugly clothes,” she said.

Now, however, Hao feels that post-Covid, a renewed focus on health in the U.S. has resulted in a narrative that being plus-sized is unhealthy.

The PLOS ONE study also found that Nigerian women have the highest levels of body appreciation. Nigerian women experience far less thin idealization than white Western and Chinese women, with the ideal body size in several African countries being larger than that of China and in the West.

However, Hanson said, Western media is changing the global ideal. “There definitely is this introduction of Western media, and as that spreads, the ideal body globally is becoming thinner,” she said.

For Nigerian American women, the idealized thin American body type contradicts Nigerian beauty standards. Hanson said that Nigeria has a more body positive culture overall and that African values that promote fuller bodies act as a “protective factor” against negative body image.

Nigerian American women who encounter the glorification of thinness in Western media, however, could begin to experience media and peer pressure that isn’t as common in Nigerian society.

“It’s just through exposure, that you’re walking down the street and you’re seeing adverts of these models who are very thin,” she said. “No matter how protective your family is, it does influence you.”

More on topics like this

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• For more from NBC Asian America, sign up for our weekly newsletter .

Isabel Yip is an intern for NBC News. 

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