case study of 9th class sst

CBSE Case Based Questions for Class 9 Social Science - Pdf PDF Download

CBSE Case Study Questions for Class 9 Social Science

Case based questions  are a type of exam question designed to assess the student’s ability to apply information from the Social Science syllabus in a practical situation. These questions typically involve the student being given a brief scenario or case study and then asked to answer questions based on the data provided.

The purpose of case based questions is to test the student's analytical and problem solving skills, as well as their knowledge of the Social Science syllabus. In addition, they allow teachers to assess the student’s ability to think critically and creatively in order to come up with effective solutions. Case based questions also help to ensure that students have a better understanding of how their knowledge can be applied in real-world situations.

Case based questions should be tailored to the specific grade level and topic under consideration. For example, a case-based question for Class 9 Social Science might involve the student analyzing a historical event or analyzing the impact of a government policy. The key is to provide the student with enough information to understand the scenario and formulate an appropriate response.

Case Based Questions For Class 9 History

Case-based questions for Class 9 History are a type of question that is based on a particular case study or event related to a historical event or period. These questions require students to apply their understanding of the historical context and analyze the case study to answer the questions. Case-based questions usually require students to identify the main issues or problems highlighted in the case study, evaluate the different perspectives or opinions presented, and make an informed judgment or conclusion based on the evidence presented. These questions test not only the student's knowledge of historical events but also their critical thinking and analytical skills.

Chapter Wise Case Based Questions for Class 9 History 

Chapter-wise case-based questions for Class 9 History are a set of questions that are based on a specific chapter or topic in the history textbook. These questions are designed to help students apply their understanding of historical events and concepts to specific case studies or scenarios.

The CBSE Class 9 Case Based Questions can be accessed from Chapetrwise Links provided below:

Chapter 1: The French Revolution

• Case Based Questions: The French Revolution

Chapter 2: Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

• Case Based Questions: Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

Chapter 3: Nazism and the Rise of Hitler

• Case Based Questions: Nazism and the Rise of Hitler

Chapter 4: Forest Society and Colonialism

Chapter 5: Pastoralists in the Modern World

Case Based Questions For Class 9 Geography

Case-based questions for Class 9 Geography are a type of question that requires students to apply their understanding of geography concepts and analyze a particular case study related to a geographical phenomenon. These questions often require students to analyze a specific situation or scenario related to a geographical concept or phenomenon and answer the questions based on their understanding of the concept and the given situation.

Chapter Wise Case Based Questions for Class 9 Geography

Chapter-wise case-based questions for Class 9 Geography are a set of questions that are based on a specific chapter or topic in the geography textbook. These questions are designed to help students apply their understanding of geographical concepts and phenomena to specific case studies or scenarios. The CBSE Class 9 Case Based Questions can be accessed from Chapetrwise Links provided below:

Chapter 1: India – Size and Location

• Case Based Questions: India – Size and Location

Chapter 2: Physical Features of India

• Case Based Questions: Physical Features of India

Chapter 3: Drainage

• Case Based Questions: Drainage

Chapter 4: Climate

• Case Based Questions: Climate

Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and Wildlife

• Case Based Questions: Natural Vegetation and Wildlife

Chapter 6: Population

Case Based Questions For Class 9 Political Science

Case-based questions for Class 9 Political Science are a type of question that requires students to apply their understanding of political science concepts and analyze a particular case study related to a political phenomenon. These questions often require students to analyze a specific situation or scenario related to a political concept or phenomenon and answer the questions based on their understanding of the concept and the given situation.

Chapter Wise Case Based Questions for Class 9 Political Science

Chapter-wise case-based questions for Class 9 Political Science are a set of questions based on specific chapters or topics covered in the political science textbook. These questions are designed to help students apply their understanding of political science concepts to real-world situations and events.

Chapter 1: What is Democracy? Why Democracy?

• Case Based Questions: What is Democracy? Why Democracy?

Chapter 2: Constitutional Design

• Case Based Questions: Constitutional Design

Chapter 3: Electoral Politics

• Case Based Questions: Electoral Politics

Chapter 4: Working of Institutions

• Case Based Questions: Working of Institutions

Chapter 5: Democratic Rights

Case Based Questions For Class 9 Economics

Case-based questions for Class 9 Economics are a type of question that requires students to apply their understanding of economic concepts and analyze a particular case study related to an economic phenomenon. These questions often require students to analyze a specific situation or scenario related to an economic concept or phenomenon and answer the questions based on their understanding of the concept and the given situation.

Chapter Wise Case Based Questions for Class 9 Economics

Chapter-wise case-based questions for Class 9 Economics are a set of questions based on specific chapters or topics covered in the economics textbook. These questions are designed to help students apply their understanding of economic concepts to real-world situations and events.

Chapter 1: The Story of Village Palampur

• Case Based Questions: The Story of Village Palampur

Chapter 2: People as Resource

• Case Based Questions: People as Resource

Chapter 3: Poverty as a Challenge

• Case Based Questions: Poverty as a Challenge

Chapter 4: Food Security in India

Weightage of Case Based Questions in Class 9 Social Science

Why are Case Study Questions important in Social Science Class 9?

• Enhance critical thinking:  Case study questions require students to analyze a real-life scenario and think critically to identify the problem and come up with possible solutions. This enhances their critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
• Apply theoretical concepts:  Case study questions allow students to apply theoretical concepts that they have learned in the classroom to real-life situations. This helps them to understand the practical application of the concepts and reinforces their learning.
• Develop decision-making skills:  Case study questions challenge students to make decisions based on the information provided in the scenario. This helps them to develop their decision-making skills and learn how to make informed decisions.
• Improve communication skills:  Case study questions often require students to present their findings and recommendations in written or oral form. This helps them to improve their communication skills and learn how to present their ideas effectively.
• Enhance teamwork skills:  Case study questions can also be done in groups, which helps students to develop teamwork skills and learn how to work collaboratively to solve problems.

In summary, case study questions are important in Class 9 because they enhance critical thinking, apply theoretical concepts, develop decision-making skills, improve communication skills, and enhance teamwork skills. They provide a practical and engaging way for students to learn and apply their knowledge and skills to real-life situations.

Class 9 Social Science Curriculum at Glance

The Class 9 Social Science curriculum in India covers a wide range of topics and concepts. Here is a brief overview of the Social Science curriculum at a glance:

• History:  The History section includes topics such as the French Revolution, Nazism and the rise of Hitler, socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution, and the Indian National Movement.
• Geography:  The Geography section includes topics such as India-Size and Location, Physical Features of India, Drainage, Climate, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife, Population, and Human Resource.
• Political Science:  The Political Science section includes topics such as Democracy in the Contemporary World, Constitutional Design, Electoral Politics, Working of Institutions, and Democratic Rights.
• Economics:  The Economics section includes topics such as The Story of Village Palampur, People as Resource, Poverty as a Challenge, Food Security in India, and Globalisation and the Indian Economy.

The Class 9 Social Science curriculum is designed to provide a strong foundation in social sciences and prepare students for higher education in the field. The curriculum is structured to develop critical thinking, problem-solving, and analytical skills, and to promote the application of social science concepts in real-life situations. The curriculum is also designed to help students understand the socio-economic and political structures of India and the world and prepare them for active participation in society.

Students can also access Case Based Questions of all subjects of CBSE Class 9

• Case Based Questions for Class 9 Maths
• Case Based Questions for Class 9 Science
• Case Based Questions for Class 9 English
• Case Based Questions for Class 9 Hindi
• Case Based Questions for Class 9 Sanskrit

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on Case Based Questions for Class 9 Social Science

What are case-based questions in social science.

Case-based questions in social science are problem-solving tasks that require students to apply their knowledge and understanding of social science concepts and theories to real-world situations or scenarios.

How are case-based questions different from traditional social science questions?

Traditional social science questions typically focus on testing students' knowledge of specific facts, concepts, and theories. Case-based questions, on the other hand, require students to use their knowledge and understanding to analyze and interpret real-world situations and make informed decisions.

What are some common types of case-based questions in class 9 social science?

Common types of case-based questions in class 9 social science include analyzing historical events, interpreting data and statistics, and evaluating the impact of social policies and programs.

How can students prepare for case-based questions in social science?

To prepare for case-based questions in social science, students should practice analyzing real-world scenarios and interpreting data and statistics. They should also work on developing their critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

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FAQs on CBSE Case Based Questions for Class 9 Social Science - Pdf

CBSE Case Based Questions for Class 9 Social Science - Pdf

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• Social Science

Class 9 Social Sample Papers, Notes | NCERT Solutions

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Cbse last year papers, user submitted papers, case study questions,   mock tests, his the french revolution, his socialism in europe and the russian revolution, his nazism and the rise of hitler, his forest society and colonialism (internally assessed), his pastoralists in the modern world (pa only), geo india size and location, geo physical features of india, geo drainage, geo climate, geo natural vegetation and wild life (map+internally assessed), geo population, eco the story of village palampur (pa only), eco people as resource, eco poverty as a challenge, eco food security in india, pol what is democracy why democracy, pol constitutional design, pol electoral politics, pol working of institutions, pol democratic rights, overall map questions.

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CBSE Important Questions

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Social Science is an integral part of secondary school education as a compulsory subject. This subject is designed to develop qualities clustered around the personal, social, moral, national, and spiritual values that make a person humane and socially effective. Therefore, it is an important part of general education. Students need to prepare for this subject with well-structured resources which would help them to understand well and write better. Having more than 5 million downloads, the myCBSEguide app provides the best course content for CBSE class 9 social science.

CBSE Class 9 Social Science Study Material

Helping the students with the best study material for the CBSE course , myCBSEguide has been doing a commendable job for the last decade. Our premium content has a wide range of products which is sufficient to make students self-dependent in their preparation.

Our CBSE Class 9 Social Science study material in PDF format includes solved papers, board question papers, syllabus, revision notes, sample papers, and NCERT solutions. We also provide chapter-based learning videos which can be referred to in case of confusion.

CBSE Class 9 Social Science Syllabus

The Secondary level Social Science curriculum draws its content mainly from History, Geography, Political Science, and Economics. Some elements of Sociology and Commerce are also included. Therefore, to cover all the important topics the curriculum has been divided over two years. The syllabus of Class 9 Social Science has the initial chapters, while the latter is covered next year. The table represents the units along with the chapters for the class 9 Social Science syllabus.

The subject of social science helps the learners to understand the society to understand society from different angles and form a holistic view. So, the topics and chapters are updated with the latest developments. To know the syllabus in detail (like weightage and marks allocation of the chapters) check our blog on Class 9 Social Science Syllabus 2023 .

CBSE Class 9 Social Science NCERT Solutions

NCERT solutions are important for the CBSE syllabus. We provide detailed NCERT textbook questions and answers for class 9 social science. These are the basic model of questions for the CBSE question paper. Social Science NCERT solutions are available on our students’ dashboard in PDF format and can be easily downloaded. The best part is these solutions are free of cost for everyone.  The list below gives the link to the NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Economics. To access other chapters, check Class 9 Social Science NCERT Solutions .

• Food security in India
• People as resources
• Poverty as a challenge
• The story of village Palampur

CBSE Class 9 Social Science Revision Notes & Important Questions

As we saw in the that there are four separate books for class 9 social science and students need to know the chapters well. Being an encompassing four-in-one subject, social science at times becomes challenging. We at myCBSEguide have a reputation for providing quality educational solutions, especially for the CBSE board .

Our class 9 Social Science revision notes are very lucid and organized. Students who might have not read any chapter line-by-line can reap an equal benefit through our revision notes.

Social Science as a part of the secondary level curriculum aims to develop an understanding of contemporary India with its historical perspective, of the basic framework of the goals and policies of national development in independent India, and of the process of change with appropriate connections to world development.

The learning outcome would not be achieved if what is conveyed through the chapter fails to reach the students. Hence, our revision notes for class 9 social science bridge this gap and help achieve the predefined learning outcomes.

CBSE Class 9 Social Science Important Questions

Knowing is not enough, scoring is also required. Therefore, we have important questions or extra question sections for all prime subjects. These questions are from the most important sections of the chapter which are compulsory and should not be skipped. Even if a student misses out on any of these topics or sections our important questions cover up for it. CBSE Class 9 Social Science important questions are available on myCBSEguide .

Both tour revision notes and important question for class 9 social science helps students to understand better. For example, our notes for History deepen knowledge about and understanding of the freedom struggle of world history. It depicts a clear picture of the values and ideals that are represented through the words of the lesson.

CBSE Class 9 Social Science Sample Papers

Sample Question Papers or model question papers are considered to be key to scoring well. CBSE releases official sample papers only for board examination, hence there is no fixed model of question papers for other classes. However, for classes 9 and 11, teachers prefer to follow the class 10 and 12 sample papers respectively. Based on the chapter-wise weightage provided by the CBSE, myCBSEguide team prepares Social Science sample papers for class 9 following the marking scheme and blueprint of the official class 10 Sample paper.

Class 9 Social Science Sample Papers 2022-23 can be downloaded from the myCBSEguide app and website in PDF format.

CBSE Class 9 Social Science Case Study Questions

Case Study Questions test the problem-solving abilities of the students. The focus of our new education policy is emphasizing competency-based education. Case study questions allow students to use their faculties and make an analysis of the given real-life scenario. We at myCBSEguide have some best Class 9 Social Science Case Study Questions with a complete solution. These are comprehensive as they cover all four books and their chapters.

CBSE Class 9 Social Science Test Papers & Question Bank

The vastness of the question bank of myCBSEguide is known to almost all of them who are associated with CBSE board education. Trusted by millions of teachers, our question bank provides every type and category of question which can be used to create class 9 social science question papers.

Sample papers are to be attempted only after completing the whole syllabus, but test papers can be used to check the small progress. We have Class 9 Social Science Test Papers on our students' dashboard . These tests are chapter-based and if used properly can benefit the students to score well. You can use the social science test papers as self-assessment tools.

Besides having academic value, Social Science has social importance as well. It is crucial because it helps our young learners grow into well-informed and responsible citizens with the necessary attributes and skills for being able to participate and contribute effectively to the process of development and nation-building. Therefore, not knowing the subject well is not a good option. For objective-type questions, we have provision for class 9 social science online MCQ tests .

CBSE Class 9 Social Science Learning Videos

In case a chapter or topic is too ambiguous to be understood through the revision notes, students can take the help of our learning videos. Class 9 Social Science learning videos can be accessed after logging in to the dashboard. These social science videos help the learners in understanding the environment in its totality and developing a broader perspective and an empirical, reasonable, and humane outlook.

Class 9 Social Science Case Study Questions

If you’re seeking Class 9 Social Science Case Study Questions, you’ve come to the correct spot. Students can use Class 9 Social Science Case Study Questions to help them answer a variety of questions about the Class 9 Social Science case study. The CBSE Board has included case study questions …

NCERT Solutions for Class 9

NCERT textbook solutions for class 9 are now available in the myCBSEguide App for free. Students can download and access the latest NCERT book chapter-end questions and answers from the myCBSEguide App and student dashboard. We offer NCERT questions and solutions for class 9 Social Science, Science, Mathematics, English Language …

CBSE Class 9 Social Science Syllabus 2022-23

CBSE Class 9 Social Science Syllabus 2022-23 includes India and the Contemporary World – I, Contemporary India – I, Democratic Politics – I, Economics etc for the session 2022 – 2023. Here is the detailed syllabus. To download class 9 Social Science CBSE latest sample question papers for the 2023 …

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CBSE, New Delhi has reduced the syllabus for classes 9 to 12 by 30%. The CBSE Revised Syllabus 2020-21 is available in CBSE official website and myCBSEguide mobile app. Here is the complete circular regarding CBSE Revised Syllabus 2020-21: CBSE Reduced the Syllabus The prevailing health emergency in the country …

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CBSE Syllabus for Class 9 Social Science – in PDF CBSE Syllabus for Class 9 Social Science 2019-20 contains all the topics of this session. myCBSEguide provides you latest Syllabus for Class 9 Social Science in PDF format for free download. Social science is a category of academic disciplines, concerned …

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NCERT solutions for Class 9 Social Science

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Class 9 Social Science Sample Papers 224 have questions from all four books. These are History, Geography, Political Science and Economics. Same as class 10, you will find both MCQs and descriptive questions in class 9 social too. If you deeply analyze the question paper, you will conclude that most …

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• The French Revolution Class 9 Case Study Social Science History Chapter 1

Last Updated on July 11, 2024 by XAM CONTENT

Hello students, we are providing case study questions for class 9 social science. Case study questions are the new question format that is introduced in CBSE board. The resources for case study questions are very less. So, to help students we have created chapterwise case study questions for class 9 social science. In this article, you will find case study for CBSE Class 9 Social Science History Chapter 1 The French Revolution. It is a part of Case Study Questions for CBSE Class 9 Social Science Series.

Table of Contents

Case Study Questions on The French Revolution Class 9

Read the following passage and answer the questions:

Although Louis XVI had signed the Constitution, he entered into secret negotiations with the King of Prussia. Rulers of other neighbouring countries too were worried by the developments in France and made plans to send troops to put down the events that had been taking place there since the summer of 1789. Before this could happen, the National Assembly voted in April 1792 to declare war against Prussia and Austria. Thousands of volunteers thronged from the provinces to join the army. They saw this as a war of the people against kings and aristocracies all over Europe. Among the patriotic songs they sang was the Marseillaise, composed by the poet Roget de L’Isle. It was sung for the first time by volunteers from Marseilles as they marched into Paris and so got its name. The Marseillaise is now the national anthem of France. The revolutionary wars brought losses and economic difficulties to the people. While the men were away fighting at the front, women were left to cope with the tasks of earning a living and looking after their families. Large sections of the population were convinced that the revolution had to be carried further, as the Constitution of 1791 gave political rights only to the richer sections of society. Political clubs became an important rallying point for people who wished to discuss government policies and plan their own forms of action. The most successful of these clubs was that of the Jacobins, which got its name from the former convent of St. Jacob in Paris. Women too, who had been active throughout this period, formed their own clubs.

Q. 1. How did the volunteers from various provinces see war against Prussia and Austria? a. As a war to endanger the basic means of livelihood. b. As a war of the people against kings and aristocracies all over Europe. c. As a direct consequence of measures taken by the government. d. As a matter of political tension in the whole of Europe.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Ans. Option (b) is correct.

Q. 2. What is the national anthem of France? a. Chateaux b. Marseillaise c. Sans-culottes d. Taille

Difficulty Level: Easy

Q. 3. Identify the incorrect statement regarding Jacobins. a. The Jacobins or the society of the friends of the Constitution was the most famous and influential club prior to the French Revolution. b. It became an important rallying point for people who wished to discuss government policies and plan their own forms of action. c. The members belonged mainly to the prosperous section of society. d. Shopkeepers, artisans like shoe-makers, pastry cooks, servants, daily wage workers were included in it.

Ans. Option (c) is correct.

Q. 4. How did the Jacobin club get its name? a. From the society of the friends of the Constitution. b. From the former convent of St. Jacob in Paris. c. From the active women who formed their own clubs. d. From the fashionable sections of society especially nobles who wore knee length breeches.

Q. 5. Name the poet who composed the patriotic song, Marseillaise. a. Louis XVI b. Mirabeau c. Abbé Sieyès d. Roget de L’Isle

Ans. Option (d) is correct.

Q. 6. Who seized power after the fall of the Jacobin government? a. The third estate b. The clergy and the nobility c. The wealthier middle classes d. The first and second estates

Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution Class 9 Case Study Social Science History Chapter 2

Topics from which case study questions may be asked.

Here is a list of topics from which case study questions may be asked.

• Describe the social, political, and economic conditions in France before the French Revolution.
• Explain the role of different social groups in the French society of the 18th century.
• Identify and outline the key events leading up to the French Revolution.
• Recognize important figures involved in the revolution, such as Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, Maximilien Robespierre, and others.
• Analyze the multiple causes of the French Revolution, including financial crises, Enlightenment ideas, and social inequalities.
• Describe the different phases of the revolution, from the Estates-General to the fall of the Bastille, the Reign of Terror, and the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte.
• Evaluate the immediate and long-term impacts of the French Revolution on France and the world.
• Discuss the changes in governance, society, and the economy following the revolution.
• Understand the concepts of liberty, equality, and fraternity and their influence on modern democratic ideas.
• Explore how the revolution led to the development of modern notions of citizenship and human rights.

The French Revolution was a period of far-reaching political upheaval in France during the period of 1789 to 1799. The revolution overthrew the monarchy, established a republic and experienced violent periods of political turmoil.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on The French Revolution Class 9 Case Study

Q1: what are case study questions.

A1: Case study questions are a type of question that presents a detailed scenario or a real-life situation related to a specific topic. Students are required to analyze the situation, apply their knowledge, and provide answers or solutions based on the information given in the case study. These questions help students develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

Q2: How should I approach case study questions in exams?

A2: To approach case study questions effectively, follow these steps: Read the case study carefully: Understand the scenario and identify the key points. Analyze the information: Look for clues and relevant details that will help you answer the questions. Apply your knowledge: Use what you have learned in your course to interpret the case study and answer the questions. Structure your answers: Write clear and concise responses, making sure to address all parts of the question.

Q3: What are the benefits of practicing case study questions from your website?

A3: Practicing case study questions from our website offers several benefits: Enhanced understanding: Our case studies are designed to deepen your understanding of historical events and concepts. Exam preparation: Regular practice helps you become familiar with the format and types of questions you might encounter in exams. Critical thinking: Analyzing case studies improves your ability to think critically and make connections between different historical events and ideas. Confidence: Practicing with our materials can boost your confidence and improve your performance in exams.

Q4: What are the important keywords in this chapter “The French Revolution”?

A4: Important keywords for CBSE Class 9 “The French Revolution” are given below: Livres:  Unit of currency in France, discontinued in 1794. Clergy:  Group of persons invested with special functions in the church. Tithes:  A tax levied by the church, comprising one-tenth of the agricultural produce. Taille:  Tax to be paid directly to the state. Subsistence crisis:  An extreme situation where the basic means of livelihood are endangered. Anonymous:  One whose name remains unknown. Chateau (Pl. Chateaux):  Castle or stately residence belonging to a king or a nobleman. Manor:  An estate consisting of the lord’s lands and his mansion. Convent:  Building belonging to a community devoted to a religious life. Treason:  Betrayal of one’s country or government. Negroes:  A term used for the indigenous people of Africa. It is a derogatory term not in common use any longer. Emancipation:  The act of freeing.

Q5: What are the important date line in CBSE Class 9 History “The French Revolution”?

A5: Important date line given below: 14 July 1789:  Fall of Bastille 4 July 1789:  National Assembly of France passed a decree to abolish feudal system. 1792:  National Assembly declared war against Prussia and Austria. 21 September 1792:  Abolition of Monarchy in France, and France became a Republic. 1793–1794:  Reign of terror in France. 21 January 1793:  Louis XIV was executed at Place de la Concorde. 1804:  Napolean became the Emperor of France. 1815:  Fall of Napolean in the battle of Waterloo

Q6: How did French revolution outbreak?

A6: In 1788, a severe famine spread in various parts of France. People who were suffering from hunger assembled in streets of Paris. The state treasure had already fallen empty. Emperor Louis XVI, the French monarch at that time summoned a meeting of the Estates General to levy fresh taxes. The first two estates, i.e., the clergy and the nobility refused to have a common meeting with the third estate. The people of third estate lost their temper and refused to pay any more taxes. With the meeting of the Estates General on 5th May, 1789, the French Revolution broke out.

Q7: What do you know about Olympe de Gouges?

A7: Olympe de Gouges was the writer of ‘Declaration of Rights of Women and Citizen’

Q8: What was Tithe?

A8: A tax levied by the Church, comprising one-tenth of the agricultural produce was called Tithe. It was directly paid to the Church.

Q9: Are there any online resources or tools available for practicing “ The French Revolution” case study questions?

A10: We provide case study questions for CBSE Class 9 Social Science on our website. Students can visit the website and practice sufficient case study questions and prepare for their exams.

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CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9 Social Science with Solution 2024-25

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Download CBSE Class 9 Social Science Sample Papers

The CBSE Sample Papers For Class 9 Social Science is one of the best study aids that a student awaiting to write his Boards, in a year, can ask for. Made by the experienced subject matter experts of Vedantu, the sample papers give you an idea of what type of questions can come in your SST Class 9 exam . As the study material has been made by our academic researchers after a thorough examination of the syllabus and previous year’s questions, you can find it to be highly credible. Here you can download the Class 9 Social Science Sample Paper PDF from here.

You can also download Maths NCERT Solutions Class 9 to help you to revise the complete syllabus and score higher marks in your examinations.

Download CBSE Class 9 Sample Papers 2024-25 PDF

Also, check CBSE Class 9 Sample Papers for other Subjects:

CBSE Sample Paper for Class 9 Social Science

Structure of Social Science Class 9 Sample Paper

The sample paper for Class 9 Social Science has questions containing 1 mark, 3 marks and 5 marks. A map-based question will be there which will contain the weightage of 2 marks. The 1 mark questions will be included in the objective type answers. The 3-mark questions will be included as short, to-the-point answers. The 5-mark questions will be included as comparatively long but to the point answers. The map question can hold 2 or 3 marks.

How to Use this Sample Paper

To get benefit from the sample paper of Social Science Class 9, one can do the following - 

Download the sample paper and take a printout of it.

Try to solve the questions without viewing the answers.

After you finish answering the questions, verify and check your answers with those provided by us in the same sample paper.

Give yourself appropriate marks based on how well and correct you wrote your answers.

This will give you a fair understanding of how much progress you have made as far as Social Science is concerned.

The sample question paper acts as a mock exam for students which they can give once students are well-prepared for the exam. Through these mock exams, students can evaluate their progress and know which chapter requires a little more effort. They can continue with the

It is also significant to acknowledge when and how long you plan to spend studying each day. How much time will you afford to utilize each day? What other commitments do you have while your study time?

Plan your revision to ensure that you use your time in your best interest. When is the best time of day for you, Can you do more reading at selective times, This will help you to prepare broadly what you plan to do, although you should always make sure that you leave it manageable enough to adjust later in situations that vary.

Always doing the same stuff, for example, reading over your notes on a subject, is likely to be quite dull. Enhance your revision session by trying different activities and techniques. Alternatives to studying your books over include:

Doing Vedantu practice papers and exams to test your understanding (your teachers or tutors will probably be very happy to mark these for you if you ask them nicely);

Drawing mind maps or other summary diagrams to test what you can memorize, and then checking them against your notes. Observe where you have left out a detail, or there are gaps, and go back and examine those areas.

Changing the location in which you study—for example, your room, the library at school or college, a quiet café, or someone else’s house—is also good.

A study has discovered that this can help to increase recall retention. It is not clear why, but the proposal is that the mind makes links between the background and what you are studying: more diverse links make things easier to memorize.

You cannot work straight for 10 hours. It is very troublesome to study in a straight way for more than about an hour.

You may find that in a few days you can do more, but often, one to one and a half hours is likely to be your limit before you require a pause.

Overview of the CBSE Class 9 Social Science Sample Paper

The Class 9th Social Science sample paper included questions from both the books - Contemporary India and India and The Contemporary World - I. The chapter includes questions concerning the Indian states, their neighbouring countries, their natural resources etc. There are also questions based on the French and Russian Revolutions, types of governments across the world, types of political paradigm and other global historical topics. The total marks that the CBSE sample paper Class 9 Social Science holds is  80. Students will be given 3 hours to answer the questions.

CBSE Class 9 Social Science Sample Paper - Benefits of Solving Sample Papers

1. Knowing the Complete Syllabus - Practising with SST sample paper Class 9 2024-25 will familiarize me with frequently asked questions and chapters that carry high marks. 

2. Removes Exam Stress - Preparing with SST sample paper Class 9 2024-25, students will attain an idea regarding the final exam paper. It is also very beneficial in giving students an idea about the type of questions in the paper like short or long answer type questions, mostly asked topics, marks distribution, etc. 

3. Helps in Preparation Analysis - As the CBSE Class 9 Social Science Sample Papers are based on the syllabus as updated by the CBSE board it aids you to understand your levels of preparation. You can always solve the sample papers and check the solutions to understand your strong and weak points. 

4. The idea about Marking Scheme - Knowing the marking scheme helps you to outline your answering pattern. Instead of spending your time on topics with fewer marks, you can practise well on topics that have more weightage allowing you to score more marks easily. 

5. Enhances Self Confidence - Self-confidence is of utmost importance to perform well in the exams. Sample papers will help you to find out and focus on your weaker sections and spend more time making them your strength. Therefore, they will improve your self-confidence. 

6. Improves Speed and Accuracy - the more sample papers you practise, the more you will improve your speed of answering the actual paper. It helps you to strengthen your speed of thinking accurately and solve questions under the pressurizing condition of exams. With regular practice, the perfection of the answers also increases, thereby allowing you to get more marks. It is quite essential to do this as the most fundamental problem most students come across is the inability to remember the right answer under the stressful situation of the exam.

CBSE Class 9 Social Science: India And The Contemporary World – I (History) - Sub Topics

Chapter 1: The French Revolution

The Ancient Regime and its Crises

The Social Forces that led to the Revolution

The Different Revolutionary Groups and Ideas of the Time

Chapter 2: Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

The Crises of Tzarism.

The Nature of Social Movements between 1905 and 1917.

The First World War and Foundation of Soviet State.

The Legacy.

Chapter 3: Nazism and the Rise of Hitler

The Growth of Social Democracy

The Crises in Germany.

The Basis of Hitler’s Rise to Power.

The Ideology of Nazism.

The Impact of Nazism.

Chapter 4: Forest Society and Colonialism

The Relationship between Forests and Livelihoods

Changes in Forest Societies under Colonialism

Chapter 5: Pastoralists in the Modern World

Pastoralism as a Way of Life

Different Forms of Pastoralism

What Happens to Pastoralism under Colonialism and Modern States?

Chapter 6: Peasants and Farmers

Histories of the Emergence of Different Forms of Farming and Peasant Societies

Changes in Rural Economies in the Modern World

CBSE Class 9 Social Science: Contemporary India – I (Geography)- Topics

Chapter 1: india , chapter 2: physical features of india .

Major Physiographic Unit

Chapter 3: Drainage

Major Rivers and Tributaries, Lakes and Seas

Role of Rivers in the Economy

Pollution of Rivers, Measures to Control River Pollution

Chapter 4: Climate 

Factors Influencing the Climate

Monsoon- its Characteristics, Rainfall, and Temperature Distribution

Climate and Human Life

Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and Wild Life 

Vegetation Types - Distribution as well as Altitudinal Variation, Need for Conservation and Various Measures. 

Major Species, their Distribution, Need for Conservation and Various Measures

Chapter 6: Population

Size, Distribution, Age-Sex Composition

Population Change – Migration as a Determinant of Population Change, Literacy, Health, Occupational Structure 

National Population Policy: Adolescents as Under-Served Population Group with Special Needs.

CBSE Class 9 Social Science: Democratic Politics (Political Science) - Chapters and Topics

Chapter 1: What is Democracy? Why Democracy?

What are the different ways of defining democracy? 

Why has democracy become the most prevalent form of government in our times? 

What are the alternatives to democracy?

Is democracy superior to its available alternatives? 

Must every democracy have the same institutions and values?

Chapter 2: Constitutional Design

How and why did India become a democracy? 

How was the Indian constitution framed?

What are the salient features of the Constitution? 

How is democracy being constantly designed and redesigned in India?

Chapter 3: Electoral Politics

Why and how do we elect representatives? 

Why do we have a system of competition among political parties? 

How has the citizen’s participation in electoral politics changed? 

What are the ways to ensure free and fair elections?

Chapter 4: Working of Institutions

How is the country governed? 

What does Parliament do in our democracy? 

What is the role of the President of India, the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers? 

How do these relate to one another?

Chapter 5: Democratic Rights

Why do we need rights in a constitution? 

What are the Fundamental Rights enjoyed by the citizen under the Indian constitution? 

How does the judiciary protect the Fundamental Rights of the citizen? 

How is the independence of the judiciary ensured?

CBSE Class 9 Social Science: Economics - Chapters and Topics

Chapter 1: The Story of Village Palampur: Economic transactions of Palampore and its interaction with the rest of the world through which the concept of production (including three factors of production (land, labour, and capital) can be introduced.

Chapter 2: People as Resource: Introduction of how people become a resource I asset; economic activities are done by men and women; unpaid work was done by women; quality of human resource; the role of health and education; unemployment as a form of non-utilization of human resource; sociopolitical implication in the simple form.

Chapter 3: Poverty as a Challenge: Who is poor (through two case studies: one rural, one urban); indicators; absolute poverty (not as a concept but through a few simple examples)-why people are poor; unequal distribution of resources; comparison between countries; steps taken by the government for poverty alleviation.

Chapter 4: Food Security in India: Source of Foodgrains, variety across the nation, famines in the past, the need for self-sufficiency, the role of government in food security, procurement of food grains, overflowing of granaries and people without food, public distribution system, the role of cooperatives in food security (food grains, milk and vegetables ration shops, cooperative shops, two-three examples as case studies)

Class 9 Social Science Sample Paper - Tips To Score High Marks

1. A lot can be achieved for subjects like history, civics and geography, just by understanding the details right. While studying for the exam, prepare precise notes for all dates, phrases, topic-specific terms and definitions. Revise with these whenever you are done preparing for a chapter or wish to take a break from memorizing things. This way you will find them easy to remember in the exam.

2. To score more in descriptive answers like important events in History,  various processes in Civics and natural procedures in Geography, you will need to write notes of important terminology and various definitions. While writing these answers, make sure you fit in relevant terms to give your answers an extra edge over others and score more marks.

3. Avoid writing large paragraphs for lengthy answers. Instead, write down lengthy answers in the form of bulletin points. This way, not only can you avoid the pain of having to learn big paragraphs, but you can also easily remember them by just remembering a few related keywords.

4. Adjust and allot time appropriately for every question while writing the answers in the exam. One proper look at the question paper is required to judge how much time it is going to take you to comfortably finish writing. You can choose to finish the short answers before and then go ahead to the longer ones or you may want to answer the longer ones before you head on to the shorter ones, wanting to give it more time to write elaborate answers.

5. Avoid writing to fill pages unnecessarily. Do not write irrelevant things when you are unable to remember the correct answers. Doing this will only make the answer paper reader irritated. Write down all the important things that you remember and move on to answer things you remember better.

6. Do not forget to read and revise once you have completed the entire paper. Try to find some time for revising even if it is not available all the time. You might come across any missing dates, terms or facts that you might have forgotten to mention earlier. All these can help you make your answers more complete and get more marks. Any grammatical errors that you would have made in haste can be made correct, as these can result in deduced marks.

7. Any kind of special words or underlined text holds the examiner's attention quickly and can help you get extra marks. Therefore always highlight any specific points in your answer. But be smart while inferring what lines and words need to be highlighted. Unnecessary chaos on the pages tends to work against your intentions too sometimes.

8. Keep a separate note for all the dates and events and memorize it by heart. Make sure to revise it daily. Dates, wars, places, regions are what is asked in the objective-type questions.

9. Go through the question paper at once and then start answering what you know first. While answering the questions, make sure you do not exceed the word limit. Keep your answer brief, to the point and well-formatted. Learn to use columns, tables, diagrams, wherever necessary.

10. Maps are important for students in Geography. Students are advised to learn and practice in all the important places and regions. Students may lose a mark if they do not follow the right guidelines of map marking, hence they must go through them priorly.

11. Read the chapter twice and thrice to gain even the slightest point from the chapter. This way you can pace for your objective type question preparation.

12. If you practice every question from the sample question paper for Class 9 Social Science then you will be well equipped with most of the topics from the syllabus. Once you have grabbed good confidence in the subject, you can redo the chapter for revision.

13. You can go through the previous year's question papers for Class 9 Social Science CBSE from Vedantu. That would help you get an idea about the questions that come often and what are the must-do chapters.

Important Related Links for CBSE Class 9

FAQs on CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9 Social Science with Solution 2024-25

1. How many physiographic divisions of India are there? What are they?

There are 6 physiographic divisions of India. They are -

The Himalayan Mountains

The Plans of the North or The Northern Plains

The Peninsular Plateau

The Desert of India

The Coastal Plains, and

The Islands of India

2. What were the salient features of French society during the late 18th century?

The French society was divided into three estates - 

The clergy ( First Estate)

The nobility (Second Estate)

The Third Estate, consisting of the businessmen, lawyers, peasants, artisans etc.

3. Where can I find the syllabus for Class 9 for History in Social Science CBSE?

The syllabus of  history, Class 9 Social Science are as follows:

You can find the rest of the syllabus for Geography and Civics from the Vedantu page, including the subtopics and important notes. 

4. What are the benefits of Vedantu sample papers for Class 9 Social Science CBSE?

The more CBSE sample papers pdf you solve, the more you will enhance your pace of answering the actual exam. It helps you to increase your speed of writing accurately and attempting questions under the time-limit condition of examinations. With continuous preparation, the perfection of the answers also improves, thereby granting you to get more marks. It is very crucial to do this as the most basic problem most students come across is the inability to memorize the right answer under the conditions of the board exam 

5.  What is the exam pattern for Social Science CBSE for Class 9?

Class 9 Social Science CBSE sample papers consists of questions comprising sections of 1 mark, 3 marks, and 5 marks. A map-based question will be there which carries 2 marks. The 1 mark questions, that is, the object types will consist of multiple-choice questions only. The 3 mark questions will expect you to write short, to-the-point answers. And similarly, the 5-mark questions will expect you to write comparatively long but exact answers. The map question can hold 2 or 3 marks.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Civics Chapter 2 Constitutional Design

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 Constitutional Design contain answers to the textbook exercise questions. The NCERT solutions are easy and accurate that helps with the questions asked in the examinations. These solutions cover all the questions of the chapter in detail. NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 are prepared by our subject experts in very easy language. All our solutions are updated as per the latest CBSE Syllabus and Guidelines.

Class 9 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 NCERT Solutions

Question 1: Here are some false statements. Identify the mistake in each case and rewrite these correctly based on what you have read in this chapter.

(a) Leaders of the freedom movement had an open mind about whether the country should be democratic or not after independence.

Answer (a): Leaders of the freedom movement had a consensus that the country should be a democratic nation after independence.

(b) Members of the Constituent Assembly of India held the same views on all provisions of the Constitution.

Answer (b): Members of the Constituent Assembly of India held the same views on the basic principles of the constitution.

(c) A country that has a constitution must be a democracy.

Answer (c): A country that is a democracy must have a constitution.

(d) Constitution cannot be amended because it is the supreme law of a country.

Answer (d): Constitution can be amended to keep up with the changes in aspirations of the society.

Question 2: Which of these was the most salient underlying conflict in the making of a democratic constitution in South Africa?

(a) Between South Africa and its neighbours

(b) Between men and women

(c) Between the white majority and the black minority

(d) Between the coloured minority and the black majority

Answer: (d) Between the coloured minority and the black majority

Question 3: Which of these is a provision that a democratic constitution does not have?

(a) Powers of the head of the state

(b) Name of the head of the state

(c) Powers of the legislature

(d) Name of the country

Answer: (b) Name of the head of the state

Question 4: Match the following leaders with their roles in the making of the Constitution:

Question 5: Read again the extracts from Nehru’s speech ‘Tryst with Destiny’ and answer the following:

(a) Why did Nehru use the expression “not wholly or in full measure” in the first sentence?

Answer (a): Nehru used the expression “not wholly or in full measure” because according to him the task of building a nation is a gargantuan task which cannot be fulfilled in one’s lifetime.

(b) What pledge did he want the makers of the Indian Constitution to take?

Answer (b): The pledge that he wanted the makers of the Indian Constitution to take was to dedicate their lives to the service of India, the Indian people and the humanity at large.

(c) “The ambition of the greatest man of our generation has been to wipe every tear from every eye”. Who was he referring to?

Answer (c): He was referring to Mahatma Gandhi.

Question 6: Here are some of the guiding values of the Constitution and their meaning. Rewrite them by matching them correctly.

Question 8: Here are different opinions about what made India a democracy. How much importance would you give to each of these factors?

(a) Democracy in India is a gift of the British rulers. We received training to work with

representative legislative institutions under the British rule.

Answer (a): Democracy in India is a gift of the British rulers. We received training to work with representative legislative institutions under the British rule.

(b) Freedom Struggle challenged the colonial exploitation and denial of different freedoms to Indians. Free India could not be anything but democratic.

Answer (b): Freedom struggle was important in spreading the idea of nationalism in India and inculcating the practice of making decisions by consensus.

(c) We were lucky to have leaders who had democratic convictions. The denial of democracy in several other newly independent countries shows the important role of these leaders.

Answer (c): The leaders had the desire to give freedoms to the people. India’s freedom

struggle is the only example of a bloodless freedom struggle in the contemporary history. This could be possible because our nationalist leaders had the maturity to listen to others’ views.

Question 9: Read the following extract from a conduct book for ‘married women’, published in 1912. ‘God has made the female species delicate and fragile ‘both physically and emotionally, pitiably incapable of self-defence. They are destined thus by God to remain in male protection – of father, husband and son – all their lives.

Women should, therefore, not despair, but feel obliged that they can dedicate themselves to the service of men’. Do you think the values expressed in this para reflected the values underlying our constitution? Or does this go against the constitutional values?

Answer: The values expressed in this para is totally contradictory to the values underlying our constitution. Here, women are treated as weak while in our constitution men and women both are treated equal. The governmental policies also favour women to bring them in mainstream.

Question 10: Read the following statements about a constitution. Give reasons why each of these is true or not true.

(a) The authority of the rules of the constitution is the same as that of any other law.

Answer (a): Not True

Constitution is the supreme law. It describes how government elects and their powers, rights of citizens and their protection. This is totally different than any other law.

(b) Constitution lays down how different organs of the government will be formed.

Answer (b): True

Reason: Constitution defines the role of the legislature, the executive and the judiciary and how they should be formed and by whom.

(c) Rights of citizens and limits on the power of the government are laid down in the constitution.

Answer (c): True

Reason: Constitutional setup limits the power of government through different institutions and also talks about the right of citizens.

(d) A constitution is about institutions, not about values

Answer (d): Not True

The Constitution contains all the values which the institutions have to promote. The Preamble to the Constitution is a shining example of this and states clearly that justice, liberty, equality and fraternity have to be promoted. Secularism has to be followed and socialism and democracy should be the basis of the government.

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Class 9 Civics Case Study Questions Chapter 3 Electoral Politics

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Case study Questions in Class 9 Social Science Chapter 3 are very important to solve for your exam. Class 9 Social Science Chapter 10 Case Study Questions have been prepared for the latest exam pattern. You can check your knowledge by solving  case study-based questions for Class 9 Civics Case Study Questions Chapter 3 Electoral Politics

Join our Telegram Channel, there you will get various e-books for CBSE 2024 Boards exams for Class 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th.

In CBSE Class 9 Social Science Paper, Students will have to answer some questions based on Assertion and Reason. There will be a few questions based on case studies and passage-based as well. In that, a paragraph will be given, and then the MCQ questions based on it will be asked.

Electoral Politics Case Study Questions With Answers

Here, we have provided case-based/passage-based questions for Class 9 Social Science Chapter 3 Electoral Politics

Case Study 1: Why is there no educational qualification for holding such an important position when some kind of educational qualification is needed for any other job in the country? Educational qualifications are not relevant to all kinds of jobs. The relevant qualification for selection to the Indian cricket team, for example, is not the attainment of educational degrees but the ability to play cricket well. Similarly, the relevant qualification for being an MLA or an MP is the ability to understand people’s concerns, problems and to represent their interests. Whether they can do so or not is examined by lakhs of examiners — their voters — after every five years. Even if education was relevant, it should be left to the people to decide how much importance they give to educational qualifications. In our country, putting an educational qualification would go against the spirit of democracy for yet another reason. It would mean depriving a majority of the country’s citizens the right to contest elections. If, e.g, a graduate degree like B.A., B.Com or B.Sc was made compulsory for candidates, more than 90 per cent of the citizens will become ineligible to contest elections.

Which of the following is necessary in India to take part in an election? (a) To fill a nomination form (b) To give some money as security deposit (c) To give detail of the assets and liabilities of the candidates (d) All of the above

Answer: (d) All of the above

Which of the following kinds of job does not require educational qualification? (a) Player as India cricket team (b) Art director in a publication (c) Candidate for post of chef in a reputed hotel (d) Both (b) and (c)

Answer: (a) Player as India cricket team

Every candidate who wants to take part in election make the personal details public. The reason behind this is ……… (a) to give important personal information to the chief election commission (b) Every candidate who wants to take part in election make the personal details public to provide an opportunity to the voters to take decision on the basis of the information (c) to provide information for the educated citizen of the region (d) Both (a) and (b)

Answer: (b) Every candidate who wants to take part in election make the personal details public to provide an opportunity to the voters to take decision on the basis of the information

Which of the following is relevant qualification for being an MLA or an MP? (a) Ability to understand people’s concerns (b) Ability to understand people’s genuine problems (c) Ability to represent people’s interest (d) All of the above

Which of the following will be happened if educational qualification of the candidate is given importance? (a) Only highly educated people can participate in an election (b) Only people of high caste can participate in an election (c) It would deprive a majority of the country’s citizens the right to contest election (d) None of the above

Answer: (c) It would deprive a majority of the country’s citizens the right to contest election

Educational qualification is not required for a candidate to take part in an election, but every candidate has to give his/her educational qualification. Do you think it will influence the voters in the long run? (a) Yes voters are influenced by the educational qualification of the candidate. (b) Election Commission gives importance to the educational qualification of the candidate. (c) In the long run, voters judge the work of the candidate and the party he belongs. (d) None of the above

Answer: (b) Election Commission gives importance to the educational qualification of the candidate.

Case Study 2: Electoral politics is an integral part of democratic governance. Elections provide citizens with the opportunity to choose their representatives who will govern and make decisions on their behalf. In India, elections are conducted at various levels, including the Lok Sabha (the lower house of Parliament), State Legislative Assemblies, and local bodies like Municipal Corporations and Panchayats. The Election Commission of India is responsible for conducting free and fair elections in the country. The electoral process involves several steps, such as the preparation of electoral rolls, nomination of candidates, campaigning, voting, and counting of votes. Political parties play a crucial role in elections, as they contest and compete for seats. Voters evaluate candidates based on their party affiliation, track record, and manifesto before casting their votes. The electoral system in India aims to ensure the representation of diverse voices and provide equal opportunities for all eligible citizens to participate in the political process.

What is the purpose of elections in a democratic system? a) To appoint administrative officials b) To choose representatives who will govern on behalf of citizens c) To establish a monarchy d) To enforce law and order

Answer: b) To choose representatives who will govern on behalf of citizens

Which body is responsible for conducting free and fair elections in India? a) President of India b) Prime Minister of India c) Election Commission of India d) Supreme Court of India

Answer: c) Election Commission of India

At which levels are elections conducted in India? a) Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, and State Legislative Assemblies b) Municipal Corporations and Panchayats c) Lok Sabha, State Legislative Assemblies, and local bodies d) Municipal Corporations, Rajya Sabha, and Panchayats

Answer: c) Lok Sabha, State Legislative Assemblies, and local bodies

What is the role of political parties in elections? a) They appoint the Election Commission officials b) They conduct the voting process c) They evaluate candidates’ track record d) They contest and compete for seats

Answer: d) They contest and compete for seats

How do voters evaluate candidates before casting their votes? a) Based on their age and gender b) Based on their family background c) Based on their party affiliation, track record, and manifesto d) Based on their religious beliefs

Answer: c) Based on their party affiliation, track record, and manifesto

Hope the information shed above regarding Case Study and Passage Based Questions for Class 9 Social Science Chapter 3 Electoral Politics with Answers Pdf free download has been useful to an extent. If you have any other queries about CBSE Class 9 Social Science Electoral Politics Case Study and Passage Based Questions with Answers, feel free to comment below so that we can revert back to us at the earliest possible By Team Study Rate

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CrowdStrike Faces a Potential Tsunami of Lawsuits. Only the Fine Print Can Save It, Experts Say

On July 19, Jonathan Cardi and his family watched as the departures board at Raleigh-Durham International Airport in North Carolina, turned from green to a sea of red. “Oh my gosh, it was insane,” says Cardi. “Delayed, delayed, delayed, delayed.”

Cardi, a law professor at Wake Forest University and a member of the American Law Institute, was due to fly with Delta Airlines to a conference in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. With thousands of other travelers, he spent the day lining up as staff kept telling people that flights “would be taking off any minute,” he recalls. But when it became clear that planes were going nowhere, he made the 11-hour journey by rental car instead. Others heading to the conference slept at the airport, Cardi later found out.

The chaos was the result of a software update released by cybersecurity company CrowdStrike, which contained a defect that crashed millions of Microsoft Windows computers . The IT outage, which disrupted airlines, financial services, and various other industries, is estimated to have caused more than $5 billion in financial losses. “Because there was so much money lost, there is going to be legal action,” says Cardi, who specializes in the field of law concerned with civil liability for losses or harm.

That legal wrangling is already beginning.

On July 29, Delta informed CrowdStrike and Microsoft of its intent to sue over the $500 million it claims to have lost as a result of the outage. A class action lawsuit has been filed by law firm Labaton Keller Sucharow on behalf of CrowdStrike shareholders, claiming they were misled over the company’s software testing practices. Another law firm, Gibbs Law Group, has announced it is looking into bringing a class action on behalf of small businesses affected by the outage.

In response to WIRED’s inquiry about the shareholder class action, CrowdStrike says, “We believe this case lacks merit, and we will vigorously defend the company.” In a letter to Delta’s legal counsel seen by WIRED, a legal representative for CrowdStrike said that the company “strongly rejects any allegation that it was grossly negligent or committed willful misconduct.” Microsoft declined to comment. Delta’s legal counsel declined an interview request.

Those hoping to recover financial losses will need to find creative ways to frame their cases against CrowdStrike, which is insulated to a great extent by clauses typical of software contracts that limit its liability, Cardi says. Though it may seem intuitive that CrowdStrike be on the hook for its mistake, the company is likely to be “pretty well-guarded” by the fine print , he adds.

Limitation Clause

Despite CrowdStrike conceding responsibility for the outage, neither direct customers nor businesses disrupted by proximity—i.e., the customers of CrowdStrike customers—will find it easy to recover their losses. The first question will be: What specifically would they be suing CrowdStrike for? There are a handful of theoretical options—breach of contract, negligence, or fraud—but none of them are straightforward.

Although customers may argue that CrowdStrike breached its contract in some way, “the amount of money they could recover is likely to be severely limited by the limitation clause,” says Paul MacMahon, associate professor of law at the London School of Economics and Political Science. The purpose of any such clause is to act as a sort of get-out-of-jail-free card, limiting the amount of money a software vendor has to pay out. The specific contents of the contracts entered into by CrowdStrike and its customers will differ from case to case, but the general terms and conditions limit CrowdStrike’s liability to only the amount its customers pay for its services.

In the letter to Delta’s counsel, CrowdStrike’s representative claims the company’s liability is capped at the “single-digit millions,” far short of the $500 million the airline claims to have lost. To recover a more handsome sum, says MacMahon, Delta and other customers would have to convince a court that the clause is inherently unfair and therefore unenforceable, or otherwise argue that CrowdStrike had in some way committed fraud.

“It’s going to hinge on the peculiarities of the individual contractual arrangements that one business has with another,” says Colm McGrath, senior lecturer in law at King’s College London and co-editor of the Journal of Professional Negligence. But when dealing with “big boy commercial entities,” says McGrath, courts are typically inclined to uphold the terms of any agreements that result from “hard-nosed negotiations with one another in clear understanding of the risks.”

Rosemary Rivas, a partner at Gibbs Law Group leading the investigation into bringing a class action on behalf of small businesses—both CrowdStrike customers and those affected by the outage indirectly—declined to comment on the challenges posed by the CrowdStrike terms and conditions, saying only that the firm is “speaking to a wide range of businesses” as part of its investigation.

Businesses without a direct contractual relationship with CrowdStrike, meanwhile, though unaffected by any limitation clause, “probably won’t have a claim in the first place,” MacMahon says. They will not be able to sue for breach of contract, because there isn’t one. Neither could they sue for negligence, because the relevant laws apply only to personal injury or property damage, not economic loss.

The situation in which CrowdStrike finds itself, says MacMahon, is similar to that of the company whose container ship destroyed a bridge in Baltimore in March. Although the collapse will have been costly for any business that might otherwise have used the bridge, the losses are purely financial—and likewise for businesses disrupted by the IT outage in July. “They have no claim, I’m sure,” says MacMahon.

However, the various barriers will not prevent legal cases from being brought against CrowdStrike, experts say, given the extent of the financial losses involved. There have been few landmark lawsuits that put to the test the kinds of liability limitations included in software contracts, says Brian Fox, CTO at software supply chain company Sonatype, creating an opening for CrowdStrike customers to challenge them. “This could be a watershed moment,” he says.

“The fun and challenge of law is that you and I could negotiate a contract in which I exclude [from liability] everything under the sun, but you don’t know if that’s going to work until you find out in court,” McGrath says. “It could well be that the court decides that what you agreed in the contract is simply not permitted within the bounds of the law in a given jurisdiction.”

There are also separate reasons for which an organization might pursue legal action. In the very public back-and-forth between Delta and CrowdStrike, for example, there may be an element of posturing, McGrath says. “Whatever game you are playing through litigation, sometimes it’s about making sure you get the legal remedy you think is due. But sometimes, it’s about PR and publicity. In big commercial entities, I suspect there is a careful discussion about which of two imperatives is the more pressing.”

In its letter to Delta, CrowdStrike points to the length of time it took Delta to recover from the outage in comparison to other airlines that restored operations far more quickly. “Delta’s public threat of litigation … has contributed to a misleading narrative that CrowdStrike is responsible for Delta’s IT decisions and response to the outage,” CrowdStrike’s representative wrote. The letter also includes forceful rhetoric warning of CrowdStrike’s willingness to defend itself: “While litigation would be unfortunate, CrowdStrike will respond aggressively, if forced to do so, in order to protect its shareholders, employees, and other stakeholders.”

In a statement provided to WIRED, Kevin Benacci, senior director of corporate communications at CrowdStrike, said that the company has expressed regret and apologized to all of its customers already, and suggested that Delta’s legal threats should be seen as “public posturing” that “is not constructive to any party.” “We hope that Delta will agree to work cooperatively to find a resolution,” says Benacci.

The reality may ultimately be that, though CrowdStrike has conceded to causing the outage, and billions of dollars’ worth of damage was incurred, the cost will be borne predominantly by its customers and other affected businesses. Especially so if only a fraction of the costs are covered by cyber insurance, as has been reported .

Members of the IT industry, like Fox, are calling for regulatory reform to prevent software providers from shifting liability for coding blunders onto customers and, in turn, the businesses that depend on them. “Until this point, it’s been a little bit inside baseball; only people seeing the unintended consequences up close really cared,” Fox says. “Reform around liability is probably the only thing that is going to make businesses sit up and pay attention to things that engineers have been highlighting forever: We need to do a better job with architecture, testing, and security.”

But for the time being, says McGrath, “the blunt, practical reality is that litigants, whether consumers or big businesses, have to work within the legal system they are operating in.”

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