research paper about historical churches in bohol

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• Dauis Church in Bohol: A National Historical Landmark of the Philippines

Dauis Church , also known as the Church of Our Lady of the Assumption , is located in the town of Dauis in the island of Panglao. The church was named a  National Historical Landmark  by the  National Historical Commission.

Apart from being associated with the miraculous Our Lady of the Assumption, the church also showcases neo-gothic and neo-classical architecture. The church has a watch and a bell tower made of corals.

Dauis Church was built in 1697 by priests of the Jesuit Order and in 1753, Fr. Joseph Nepomuceno, S.J., built a convent in the church complex which became the official residence of the Jesuits from Loboc.

Fr. Julio Saldana began to construct the present church in 1863 and was later finished by Fr. Natalio del Mar in 1923. In the same year that the construction was completed, the church was inaugurated by Messenger Juan Gorordo of Cebu.

The church’s convent was also used as a shelter in World War II by nuns from Tagbilaran City. In 2004, Dauis Church was designated as the Shrine of Our Lady of the Assumption.

A portion of the church’s front and the portico was damaged when a 7.2 earthquake occurred in the provinces of Bohol and Cebu in 2013. In 2015, the National Historical Commission later restored the church complex before being turned over to the Diocese of Tagbilaran in 2017.

Visitors who come to the church will find it relaxing to stroll around the church complex. For those coming from big cities, taking a stroll through the Dauis Church complex will give you that much-needed boost of energy as the church gives off a very peaceful vibe. It’s also noteworthy that you can view the sea from the garden at the back of the church.

Try attending the daily morning masses at Dauis Church every 6:30 am to revel at the beauty of this centuries-old masterpiece.

How to get here:

• By private car: From the new Bohol Panglao International Airport, head southeast to the Dauis-Panglao Road then continue to the Panglao Island Circumferential Road. Make a left before the Poblacion Dauis Barangay Hall and the church should be at your right. Alternatively, you can also arrange for the church to be included in your day tour, just inform your tour agency beforehand.
• By public transport: You can arrange for a third party tricycle to take you to the church at your hotel’s front desk. A ride going to the church costs around Php 300 – Php 400.

General Information:

Address : Circulado St., Poblacion, Dauis, Bohol Contact Number/s: 038-502-3141 Visiting hours: 6:30 a.m. to 6 p.m.

This first appeared in Philippine Primer’s Japanese Magazine April 2019 issue. Written by Feliz Grace Bueno

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10 Historic Heritage Churches to Visit in Bohol

Around Bohol

Bohol is a paradise of many wonders. Aside from its iconic Chocolate Hills, many amazing beaches and other eco-tourism attractions , the island is also home to many historic churches that give Bohol an enchanting old-world charm. These centuries-old churches are not just important symbols of the Philippines’ colonial times but are also stunning works of architecture and design.

Here are some of Bohol’s heritage churches that you can visit for a glimpse of the island’s rich history and culture.

Baclayon Church

Photo: J. Balsamo via Twitter

The Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary Parish Church, more commonly known as Baclayon Church , was founded by Jesuit priests in 1596. Bohol’s oldest church, Baclayon Church was completed in 1727 and was restored in 2017 to fix the major damages that it took from an earthquake in 2013.

The church is a cross-shaped neoclassical marvel made of coral stones, with interesting décor such as paintings commissioned by Father Ubeda from the late 1850s, a baroque pulpit which was added in 1870s, and ceiling murals. Baclayon Church was declared a National Cultural Treasure and a National Historical Landmark.

Loboc Church

Photo: The Bamboo Traveler

The San Pedro Apostol Church is located in the municipality of Loboc which is why it is more commonly referred to as Loboc Church. The church was completed in 1734, making it the second oldest place of worship in Bohol. While the Jesuits founded Baclayon Church first, Loboc Church eventually became their mission center because of its strategic location.

Loboc Church has a Baroque architectural style and follows a cruciform plan. It is also recognized as a National Cultural Treasure and a National Historical Landmark of the Philippines. Heavily damaged by the earthquake in 2013, a portion of Loboc Church has collapsed but reconstruction efforts have been made to bring it back to its former glory.

Dauis Church

Photo: Bohol Life Tours

Also known as the Church of Our Lady of the Assumption, Dauis Church is another National Historical Landmark located in Dauis, a town in Panglao island. This historic church was finished in 1923 and was used as a shelter for nuns during World War II. While a portion of Dauis Church was damaged by the 2013 earthquake, it has then been restored in 2017.

Considered as one of the most sophisticated structures during its time, Dauis Church presents a stunning and intricate architectural design influenced by the styles of the Gothic era. Its interiors feature the image of Our Lady of the Assumption on the center altar, neoclassical niches, and a wooden pulpit with carvings.

Tagbilaran Church

Photo: Abs-Cbn

The Cathedral of Saint Joseph the Worker, more popularly known as the Tagbilaran Church, was founded by the Jesuits in 1787 but its original structure burned down in 1798. The church was rebuilt during the late 1833 to 1835 and was later on turned into a cathedral, only leaving hints of its Spanish history.

The church has seen many renovations over the years. After its reconstruction, a two-story convent and bell tower were added and major overhauls were done on its façade, choir loft, walls, and ceiling. Despite all these changes, a few heritage features remain such as the sacred images that occupy its Baroque-style altars and retablos, Neo-Romanesque architectural style, and antique confessionals.

Dimiao Church

The San Nicolas de Tolentino Church, or Dimiao Church as most people call it, is believed to have been built during the late 19th century. Surrounding the church is an Ermita (spanish for hermitage), where ruins of an old cemetery and mortuary chapels can be found. Just like the other select churches in Bohol, Dimiao Church, together with the Ermita Ruins inside its complex, was also declared a National Cultural Treasure by the National Museum.

Dimiao Church is one of the most well-preserved churches of Bohol. It has the same cruciform structure that most heritage churches in Bohol have. Its façade exudes a classical Neo-Baroque style, with twin bell towers on both its sides. The simplicity of its interiors has also been maintained to highlight the church’s Neoclassical altars.

Panglao Church

The Saint Augustine Church, also known as Panglao Church , is located in the southwest part of Panglao Island. The church’s construction started as early as 1894 but has experienced several delays, including the Philippine revolution against the Spaniards. It was finally completed in 1925 when the assigned parish priest, church leaders, town officials, and Panglao residents worked together to finish its construction.

There are many things that make this neoclassical church worth a visit. Its mesmerizing ceiling murals feature a depiction of the sacraments as well as the Holy Trinity surrounded by angels. Its pair of antique wooden confessionals are still being used up to this day. There are also the intricately carved retablos on the altar, including the image of their patron saint, St. Augustine.

Cortes Church

Photo: Inquirer

The Santo Niño Church, or Cortes Church, is believed to have been established around the 1890s, although the upper register of its bell tower was only completed during the 20th century. The church was also affected by the earthquake and had to close for restoration works. Cortes Church reopened last December 2019, 6 years after its closure.

While the Cortes Church has gone through major restoration projects, conscious efforts have been made to preserve the original grandeur of the old convent. The church’s white façade with three arched foyers was retained, and the well-preserved painting by Ray Francia which was commissioned during the early 1920s still graces the church’s ceiling.

Calape Church

Photo: D’Rock Beach Resort

The San Vicente Ferrer Parish, usually called the Calape Church, is a Gothic-inspired wonder built by the Recollects. Its construction started in 1933 and was completed two decades later in 1954. The church also went under a major restoration project due to the earthquake, but its signature Gothic appeal has been kept.  

Calape Church’s architectural beauty really sets it apart from the usual cruciform stone churches that one can find in Bohol. The church is described as an epitome of Bohol Gothic, adorned with Gothicizing features such as pointed arches, spires, rose windows, and crockets. The church also houses a historical bell that dates back to 1690.

Loay Church

The Holy Trinity Church or Loay Church stands on a plateau, facing the sea, and located near Loboc River’s mouth. Loay Church also has a bell tower, but unlike most churches, its bell tower is a separate structure built a few steps away from the church. Inside the church are Neoclassical altars, trompe-l’œil paintings, and artworks that depict Biblical scenes.  

It was also one of the many Bohol churches that have successfully been restored after the devastating 2013 earthquake. The reconstruction project for Loay Church includes the restoration of its walls made of coral stones, portico renovation, and fixing or replacement of the church’s mouldings and ornaments.

Balilihan Church

Photo: Carmel Academy via Facebook

The original Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, or simply called Balilihan Church, was a tabique and nipa structure was demolished by American Troops in 1889. The church was replaced by the present concrete structure we have now which was built during the early 20th century. Spared from devastation, the original four-storey bell tower located atop Mt. Carmel Hill can also still be reached through a flight of concrete stairs.  

Balilihan Church has the usual cruciform plan and features a nave divided by three aisles, a portico and a bell tower in front of the façade. A squat octagonal cupola also adorns the church’s roof. The church’s interior is embellished with paintings by Ray Francia, and its altars combine different architectural styles, featuring Corinthian columns, Neo-Gothic spires and crockets, Baroque volutes, and Art Deco openwork.

Featured photo: Tagbilaran Church from Out of Town Blog

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Scientific Analysis of Pigments in 20th Century Paintings for Selected Historical Churches of the Bohol, Philippines

2017, Journal of Conservation Science

Through a combination of scientific analytical methods, the coloring materials used in 20 th century paintings in historical churches of Baclayon, Dauis and Loay, which are municipalities in Bohol, Philippines, were studied. Inorganic pigments were identified using SEM-EDS and XRD. Iron-based pigments were commonly found in the paintings, yielding dark yellow and brown colors. Zinc oxide was identified as the white pigment in the ceiling paintings of Dauis Church and Loay Church, while titanium dioxide was detected in the column painting in Baclayon Church. Organic analysis showed the presence of Pigment Yellow 3, a synthetic organic pigment. Paint layers, as well as other components of the samples such as grounds and metal leaves, were examined microscopically. It was observed that different types of grounds were applied on different types of surfaces. Moreover, organic pigments were found in combination with white extender materials. Microscopic examination also revealed alterations in the artworks, such as the overpaint layer found in the samples from Baclayon Church cornice and the imitation metal leaf layers applied over the original gilt surface in the Loay Church retablo.

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From treasure to rubble: Heritage churches before and after the Bohol quake

PHOTO: The Baclayon Church in Bohol also damaged after magnitude 7.2 quake | via YouScooper Michelle Francisco pic.twitter.com/kmywXNd5ir — YouScoop (@YouScoop) October 15, 2013

Philippine E-Journals

Home ⇛ ani: letran calamba research report ⇛ vol. 3 no. 1 (2016), bohol’s heritage churches: from cultural tourism to dark tourism.

Shanen Sultaire T. Nogus | Lara Mariza Calicdan | Martin Parulan | Michelle L. Ventanilla

The case study determined the awareness of the respondents on the concept of dark tourism and their standpoint with regards to switching the category, from cultural tourism to dark tourism, of those heritage churches, after the 7.2 magnitude earthquake on October 15, 2013. It also  determined the tourist arrival rates of  such churches before and after the disaster, their enlistment in the national government, and the government agencies responsible to the conservation of the affected churches and the assurance of the safety of the tourists    visiting    Immaculada Concepcion Parish in Baclayon, Nuestra Señora de la Luz Parish in Loon, and San Pedro Apostol Parish in Loboc, Bohol.

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Beautiful and Historic Catholic Churches to Visit in Cebu and Bohol

Marvel at these notable churches; get a glimpse of the locals’ spiritual life, santo niño church (cebu).

The collapsed bell tower of the Sto. Niño Church, following the 2013 earthquake

Sto. Nino Church today after rehabilitation efforts were completed (Photos by Writer)

Photo from Basílica Minore del Santo Niño Facebook Page

Some Tips for Visitors

Pilgrim Center at the Basílica Minore del Santo Niño (Photo by Writer)

Cebu Metropolitan Cathedral (Cebu)

Bell tower of the Cebu Metropolitan Cathedral

Façade of the Cebu Metropolitan Cathedral (Photos by Writer)

Minor damage on the bell tower of the Cebu Metropolitan Cathedral (Photo by Writer)

Sta. Monica Church (Bohol)

Photo courtesy of Joelaldor (own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 )], via Wikimedia Commons

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Visita Iglesia Bohol: A Guide to Heritage Churches of Bohol

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Visita Iglesia Bohol: A Guide to the Heritage Churches of Bohol

Table of Contents

The Philippines is a predominantly Roman Catholic country. Many of our traditions are rooted in the Christian way of life—like how some fiestas celebrate patron saints and how locals closely observe the Lenten season. In line with the Lenten season is the tradition of the Visita Iglesia, a custom that involves visiting several different churches on Maundy Thursday. Usually, people visit seven churches; some prefer visiting more, and some visit less.

When we visited Bohol to cover the Ubi Festival 2017 in partnership with AirAsia, Amorita Resort , and Bohol Provincial Tourism Council, we also, in advance, had the Visita Iglesia in the beautiful province. It was over a month before the Holy Week, but we were in Bohol, we were Christians, and it was a great opportunity.

Professor Mariano Luspo  gave us a short briefing about the heritage churches of Bohol. He was the former head of the Bohol Arts and Culture Heritage Council or BACH, and it was an honor getting to learn more about the province directly from him. After our short briefing inside the Tagbilaran church, our official tour guide – Mr. Rey Anthony Chiu, gave us several interesting facts as we visited each of the churches listed in our Bohol Visita Iglesia Itinerary. Apart from being a professional tour guide, Mr. Rey Anthony Chiu is the manager of the Philippine Information Agency.

Tagbilaran Church

The first church we visited was Tagbilaran Church, officially named The Cathedral of St. Joseph the Worker . The Jesuit church is one of the oldest in the city and the entire province. It was founded after the missionaries came to the province in 1595. The church was reconstructed, renovated, and enlarged several times from 1839 through 1970. I wondered briefly if the big, wooden doors of the church were at least a century older than me.

Baclayon Church

We visited the church in the neighboring town afterwards. The church, whose full name is The Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary Parish Church , is commonly known as Baclayon Church. This beautiful church is cross-shaped and is built out of coral stones, and although parts of it have been reconstructed throughout the years, the elegance of its historical beauty is still preserved.

Since we were still in Baclayon City and it was nearing lunchtime, we decided to have our tummies filled at Cresencia Café.

Cresencia Café is a restaurant located inside a well-preserved bahay na bato (stone house), and is just a short drive’s away from Baclayon Church. The house blends in so well with the surroundings that it looks like it’s been there all along, even when it was just opened in September last year.

For lunch, we had some of their freshly grilled seafood, crispy crablets, kinilaw, shrimps, pochero, and even a classic plate of bagnet. My lunch felt like I was taking a bite of the sea itself, except that the ambiance was a warm and cozy stone house, not a beach. I spotted a long list of coffee and some interesting desserts, but sadly, I didn’t have enough time for a cup or two.

Alburquerque Church

After our scrumptious lunch, we headed to The Santa Monica Parish Church of Alburquerque , more commonly called Alburquerque Church. Like the previous churches we visited, this church had a mostly gray façade, which hinted that it was probably a century older than me again. Its towering bell tower sliced the blue sky of the area, and it was beautiful.

Dimiao Church

Dimiao Church, or St. Nicolas of Tolentino Church, was the next place on our itinerary. Among the four, this church had the most unique façade. Although it was mostly gray as well due to the materials used to construct it, it had two towers instead of one. The church, which dates back to 1864, had very high ceilings with colors reminiscent of the sky.

Before we left for the next church, we had a short detour to the Ermita Ruins. This historical site contains the ruins of several coralline structures that were said to be dated back to the Spanish Era in the country. There are a lot of claims on what the ruins really were, but the mystery of the moss-covered limestone remains unknown until today.

Loay Church

The church in the town of Loay, called Loay Church, was our next stop. The façade of this church greatly contrasted with all the previous ones. Its bell tower was not connected to the main church and was colored white. Our guide said the church was one of the oldest in the province and most heavily damaged in the recent earthquake. Its restoration was a miracle.

After offering our prayers, we headed to the nearby Fanny’s Bakeshop for snacks. We sampled local delicacies. These are puto maya, bibingka, empanada, dinuguan, fresh lumpia, leche flan, and their uberly-delish hot chocolate. We sure had a lot for snacks, didn’t we?

Dauis Church

We went to Dauis Church afterwards. The church, Our Lady of Assumption Church, was built in 1697 and rebuilt several times. It is one of the most visited places in Dauis and has a cream and more modern look compared to the other churches we visited.

It was already dark when we left Dauis. We were supposed to visit Saint Augustine Church in Panglao as our last stop, but we decided that it was only proper to appreciate the church with daylight the following day. Panglao is a municipality located on the protruding island tip of mainland Bohol, and the church is known for its exquisite ceiling painting.

Bohol, as well as surrounding areas, was struck by a 7.2-magnitude earthquake sometime in October 2013. Most of the six churches we visited sustained minor to major damages. However, the people of Bohol immediately started repairing and restoring these churches, and it is almost a miracle how the locals continue to stand along with the churches. This is extraordinary showcase of resilience is just one of the many reasons why I am thankful that I was able to have my Visita Iglesia early in Bohol for this year. It is evidence that faith is stronger than any earthly force we know.

The Department of Tourism Central Visayas (Region 7) and the Provincial Tourism Office of Bohol work hand in hand to promote faith-based and culinary tourism in the province. Highlighting the best of Bohol in terms of culture, places, food, and experiences, the local tourism office aims to attract more people to explore the wonders of Bohol beyond the famous Philippine Tarsier and Chocolate Hills.

It’s high time that locals and foreigners learn more about Bohol’s rich heritage by promoting its heritage sites and unique experiences. Come to Bohol and try it for yourself!

Want more updates about new package tours and tourist attractions in Bohol, Philippines, that you can add to your itinerary?

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Written by Melo Villareal

Melo Villareal is the Online Publisher of Outoftownblog.com. He is an Accountant by profession who left the corporate world at the age of 23 to explore his beautiful country and the rest of the world. Today, Melo works as a part-time Social Media Manager for local and international clients. His full-time work focuses on discovering interesting culture, explore different cuisines and take memorable photos from local and international destinations he's visiting.

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10 Beautiful Churches to Visit in Bohol

Go on a heritage tour in the island province.

(SPOT.ph) When you think of tourist destinations in the Philippines, what immediately comes to mind are idyllic islands with white-sand beaches, verdant mountains, cheerful locals, delicious delicacies , and historic churches. Bohol , the country’s 10th largest island, boasts all these attractions and more, making it one of the country's premier destinations .

Bohol is not only home to world-famous sites like the Chocolate Hills and the sanctuary of the Philippine Tarsier, but it is also the first UNESCO Geopark in the Philippines and the fifth largest globally. Beyond its natural wonders, the island province holds a rich history, evident in its national heritage and cultural treasures that add depth and character to an already exciting destination. From centuries-old churches to vibrant cultural traditions, Bohol is a gold mine of heritage and cultural sites waiting to be explored, experienced, and enjoyed.

In August, the Department of Tourism - Central Visayas launched a pilgrimage and religious circuit, offering a heritage tour of Bohol's cherished churches. The itinerary, crafted by Bohol experts, caters not only to the Catholic faithful but also to any visitor keen on discovering Bohol beyond its natural beauty.

Also read: 10 Places to Stay in Bohol for Every Type of Traveler The SPOT.ph Guide to Bohol

Here are Bohol churches to visit on your next trip:

St. joseph the worker cathedral or tagbilaran cathedral.

St. Joseph the Worker Cathedral, also known as Tagbilaran Cathedral, was one of the six parishes founded by the Jesuits in Bohol in 1595 but was later turned over to the Augustinian Recollects in 1768. It showcases a blend of architectural styles, from neoclassical to Baroque, evident in its ornate façade and massive wooden doors adorned with intricate carvings. The cathedral complex features a separate bell tower that houses historic bells, integral to the local community's history.

The current structure was completed in 1954 and has since undergone various renovations. Following the 2013 earthquake, the cathedral's exterior and interior experienced significant reconstruction, including the ceiling paintings, façade, and stained-glass windows. As the seat of the Diocese of Tagbilaran in Bohol, the cathedral is a popular tourist stop, partly due to its central location at the heart of the city.

The Assumption of Our Lady Parish or Dauis Church

The Assumption of Our Lady Parish, also known as Dauis Church, stands as another significant religious site in Bohol. Situated in the town of Dauis, the church gained fame for its underground well, believed to possess miraculous properties. Visitors often collect water from the well, seeking healing and blessings.

According to legend, the well appeared miraculously when locals, seeking refuge in the church during a Moro pirate raid, faced starvation and dehydration. Since then, the well has provided drinking water even during droughts. Dauis Cathedral enjoys a splendid location near the coast of Panglao Island, offering panoramic views of the sea and nearby hills.

Pro-tip: If your visit falls on a Sunday or coincides with the Holy Mass being celebrated, make sure you eat an order or two of hotcakes sold by local hawkers. Melt-in-your-mouth, buttery goodness awaits.

La Purisima Concepción de la Virgen Maria Parish Church or Baclayon Church

Baclayon Church, known as La Purisima Concepción de la Virgen Maria Parish Church, is considered one of the largest and oldest coralstone churches not only in Bohol but in the whole Philippines. Established by Jesuit priests Juan de Torres and Gabriel Sanchez in 1596, it later came under the administration of the Augustinian Recollects in 1768. Baclayon Church has inspired awe among churchgoers and visitors through its impressive Baroque architecture over the centuries. Despite major damage caused by the 2013 earthquake, the church underwent successful reconstruction and restoration led by the National Museum and the National Historical Commission of the Philippines in 2017.

Adjacent to the church stands the Baclayon Church Museum, housing religious artifacts and historical items linked to the church's history. The museum opens every day except Tuesdays, from 8:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. and from 1:30 p.m. to 4:30 p.m. Admission fee is P150, with a discounted rate of P100 for senior citizens, PWDs, students, and Baclayon residents.

The entire church complex, including the convent, museum, and school, holds the designation of a National Cultural Treasure by the National Museum of the Philippines and a National Historical Landmark by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP).

Pro-tip: About three to five minutes away on foot from Baclayon Church is Cresencia’s, a heritage house-slash-restaurant that serves delicious local food and great coffee.

Santa Monica Church

Santa Monica Church, inaugurated as a parish under the Augustinian Recollects in 1869, graces the town of Albuquerque (or Albur for short). Differing from massive fortresses like Baclayon Church and Loboc Church, Santa Monica Church is renowned for its elegant and subdued aesthetics.

Its wooden retablos, crafted by local artisans, captivate with their intricate designs and symbolism—characteristics for which the town is known. Just outside the church, a woodcutting workshop offers the chance to observe artisans immersed in their work. Santa Monica Church proudly holds the distinction of being a National Cultural Treasure and a National Historical Landmark.

Pro-tip: For food enthusiasts and gourmands, a short detour to the asin tibuok workshop of Nestor Manongas is a must. A few minutes away by car or tricycle from the church, this workshop showcases asin tibuok , considered the rarest of Philippine sea salts and a vanishing tradition.

Holy Trinity Church or Santissima Trinidad Parish

Founded by the Augustinian Recollects in 1799 in the serene town of Loay, the Holy Trinity Church, commonly known as Santissima Trinidad Parish, stands on a hill facing the sea and near the mouth of Loboc River. The church proudly exhibits impressive colonial-era architecture, embodying the essence of Filipino-Spanish design. In 2003, the NHCP conferred upon the church the distinction of being a National Cultural Landmark.

St. Peter the Apostle Parish Church or Loboc Church

St. Peter the Apostle Parish Church, or Loboc Church, holds a prominent place among the province's significant churches. Classified as both National Historical Landmarks and National Cultural Treasures, the church, dedicated to St. Peter the Apostle, also pays homage to its “second patron,” Our Lady of Guadalupe de Extremadura.

The Blessed Virgin's documented miracles in Loboc are vividly depicted in a fresco on the nave's ceiling by Cebuano painter Ray Francia. Severely damaged by the 7.2-magnitude earthquake in 2013, Loboc Church was meticulously restored to its former splendor by the National Museum of the Philippines and the NHCP, reopening on May 16, 2021. Tourists often begin their visit to Loboc by exploring the church before embarking on the popular Loboc River cruise.

Nuestra Señora de la Luz Parish Church or Loon Church

Nuestra Señora de la Luz Parish Church, or Loon Church, holds the distinction of being the largest coral stone church in Bohol. Like Loboc Church, it is classified both as a National Historical Landmark and a National Cultural Treasure. Reduced to rubble by the 2013 earthquake, Loon Church underwent total reconstruction and restoration over eight years, reopening to the public in October 2021.

Santa Cruz Parish Church or Maribojoc Church

Santa Cruz Parish Church, also known as the Santa Vicente Ferrer Diocesan Shrine or Maribojoc Church, was established by the Jesuits in 1767 and later transferred to the Augustinian Recollects in 1898. Notable for its façade-incorporated watchtower, a defensive feature providing protection during perilous times or natural disasters, Maribojoc Church boasts the status of a National Cultural Treasure and a National Historical Landmark.

Nearly devastated by the 2013 earthquake, the church has been meticulously restored by the National Museum and the NHCP.

Santo Niño Parish Church

The Santo Niño or Holy Child Parish Church in Cortes is among the numerous churches in the Philippines dedicated to the Santo Niño. Though established by the Augustinian Recollects in 1880, the upper part of the bell tower was only completed in the 20th century. Reflecting the cruciform shape typical of many Bohol churches, the church's structure is predominantly crafted from coral stones. What sets it apart from others on the list is its charming main doorway, framed by floral carvings. The main retablo is adorned with twisted Solomonic columns and engraved flanges, showcasing a distinct Baroque-Rococo style.

San Nicolas Tolentino Parish Church or Dimiao Church

Dimiao Church, officially known as the San Nicolas Tolentino Parish Church, holds historical significance at the heart of Dimiao town. Its central location makes it a favorite among both locals and visitors. The church is renowned for its Baroque architecture, highlighted by a façade adorned with intricate carvings and sculptures. The church complex encompasses a detached bell tower, which functioned as both a watchtower against Moro invasions and a belfry during the Spanish colonial era.

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Historic Sites In Bohol: Exploring The Rich Heritage

Introduction.

Nestled in the heart of the Philippines, Bohol is a gem laden with historical and cultural treasures. This magnificent island province, brimming with rich heritage and captivating landmarks, beckons history buffs and culture enthusiasts alike. From the iconic Chocolate Hills to the enchanting Philippine tarsiers, Bohol offers a unique blend of natural wonders and historical significance. As we delve into this journey, we’ll explore the corners of Bohol that echo the tales of Filipino resilience and splendor.

The Legacy of Baclayon Church

Baclayon Church , a parish church built in the 18th century and declared a national cultural treasure, stands in the town of Baclayon, a key heritage site in Bohol. Its rich history not only contributes to the cultural and historical fabric of the province of Bohol but also places it among the top heritage structures in the Philippines. The church’s architectural marvels, from its aged stone walls to the intricate religious relics within, narrate the story of the Philippines’ colonial past under Spanish rule. Baclayon Church, located a mere few kilometers from Tagbilaran City, is not just a tourist attraction but a beacon of the enduring faith and history of the region. Learn more about this historical landmark and other Bohol tourist spots  here .

Baclayon Church, a parish church built in the 18th century and declared a national cultural treasure, stands in the town of Baclayon, a key heritage site in Bohol. Its rich history not only contributes to the cultural and historical fabric of the province of Bohol but also places it among the top heritage structures in the Philippines.

Blood Compact Shrine: A Symbol of Friendship

Journeying a little further, we encounter the Blood Compact Shrine, a national historical landmark commemorating the first treaty of friendship between the Filipinos and Spaniards. This event, led by Datu Sikatuna, a local chieftain, and Spanish explorer Miguel Lopez de Legazpi in 1565, marks a significant moment in Philippine history. The Blood Compact Shrine , located in Tagbilaran City, offers a glimpse into the diverse history and cultural influences that have shaped the island. The monument, a work of national artist Napoleon Abueva, captures the essence of this historic event, making it a must-visit for those keen to delve into the rich history and culture of Bohol.

The Enigmatic Loboc River

Venturing deeper into Bohol’s heart, the Loboc River presents itself as more than just a picturesque natural attraction. This river has played a pivotal role in the historical and cultural fabric of Bohol. A river cruise, highly recommended for visitors, offers a serene way to appreciate the lush greenery and the traditional Filipino lifestyle along its banks. The river’s course through the island province, passing near towns like Loboc and Dimiao, offers an opportunity to learn about the history and culture of Bohol. Loboc River is not just a body of water; it’s a lifeline that has nurtured generations, a silent witness to the evolution of the Boholano culture. Immerse yourself in this unique experience and explore more about the Loboc River Cruise in Bohol  here .

The Significance of Punta Cruz Watchtower

Located just kilometers from Tagbilaran City, the watchtower is a popular tourist attraction and has been declared a national cultural treasure, underscoring its importance to the historical commission. This historical tower of adobe and limestone is a remarkable example of Spanish colonial architecture. Erected as a defense mechanism against marauding pirates, the watchtower today stands as a symbol of the resilience and strategic ingenuity of the Boholanos during the Spanish colonial period. Its unique hexagonal structure and the scenic view of the Bohol Sea it offers make it a fascinating stop for history buffs and architecture enthusiasts.

The Mystical Charm of Philippine Tarsiers

No exploration of Bohol’s heritage is complete without mentioning the Philippine tarsiers, one of the smallest and oldest primate species on the planet. These tiny creatures are an integral part of Bohol’s ecological and cultural heritage, symbolizing the island’s rich biodiversity. Conservation efforts to protect these mystical beings highlight the Boholanos’ commitment to preserving their natural heritage. Discover more about these enchanting creatures and their habitat in Bohol  here . Their preservation on Panglao Island, part of Bohol Philippines, is crucial for maintaining the ecological balance and cultural heritage of the region.

Unveiling the Heritage of Loboc and Duero Churches

As we delve deeper into Bohol’s ecclesiastical heritage, the Loboc and Duero Churches emerge as epitomes of historical and architectural grandeur. The Loboc Church , renowned for its age-old bell tower and stunning frescoes, represents a fusion of Filipino creativity and Spanish influence. Meanwhile, the Duero Church stands as a silent guardian of Bohol’s past, with its classic Baroque architecture and storied past. These churches are not just places of worship, they are custodians of centuries of history and culture, showcasing the rich spiritual life of the Boholanos.

The town of Loboc, home to one of these stone churches in the Philippines, also hosts the Carlos P. Garcia Memorial Park, featuring the Dagohoy marker, a tribute to the revolutionary leader Francisco Dagohoy.

Exploring Less-Known Sites: From Mt. Carmel Hill to Clarin Ancestral House

Bohol’s historical tapestry is woven with numerous lesser-known sites, each with its unique narrative. Mt. Carmel Hill, with its panoramic views and historical significance, offers a tranquil escape. The Clarin Ancestral House, a preserved relic of the Spanish era, provides a window into the lifestyle of the Boholano elite during colonial times. These sites offer a glimpse into the top heritage and architectural wonders of Bohol, a province celebrated for its UNESCO World Heritage Sites and rich history.

Final Thoughts

Our journey through the historic sites of Bohol reveals not just the landmarks themselves, but the stories and spirits behind them. From the solemn halls of age-old churches to the tranquil waters of the Loboc River, each site contributes to a tapestry that is uniquely Boholano. As we leave these shores, we carry with us a deeper appreciation of Bohol’s rich history and culture, a reminder of the Philippines’ diverse heritage. It’s a call to not only explore but also to preserve these treasures for generations to come.

For those eager to explore further, delve into the myriad of attractions in Bohol  here .

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A Tour of Churches in Bohol

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Visita Iglesia Bohol: A Guide to Historic Churches by Regalado Trota Jose

Formal Christianization of Bohol began with the arrival of two Jesuits in Báclayon in November 1596, assigned there upon the request of the Spanish encomenderos of the island. The colonizers had already built a chapel for their own devotions, and here the Jesuits established their first mission. They then proceeded east to Lóboc and eventually to Talibón on the northern side of the island.

Differing from other religious orders whose mission assignments lasted for 3 years or more, the Jesuits lived together in a centrally located residence, from where they sallied out in rotation. For the southern part of Bohol, the Jesuits chose Lóboc over Báclayon because of its more strategic position. In the 18th century this residence was relocated to Dauis on the island of Panglao, where it was more accessible to the burgeoning missions along the southern coast of Bohol. The northern towns of Inabanga and Talibón pertained to the Jesuit residence in the opposite island of Cebu, since communication was easier this way.

It was in this northern area that a major, drawn-out revolt erupted. Francisco Dagohoy, irate over the refusal of the cura parroco of Inabanga to give Christian burial to his brother (he was killed chasing an outlaw in Talibon, upon orders of the priest himself) took to the hills with his followers in 1744. In general terms, the Dagohoy rebels lived in independence for decades in the northern half and interior of Bohol. Thus missionary and church-building activity was limited to the southern half.

In 1768 the Jesuits were expelled from all their missions in the Philippines, in compliance with an order given by the Spanish king a year before3 . Upon their expulsion, the Bohol Jesuits left missions in Báclayon, Tagbilaran, Lóboc, Loon, Malabojoc (now Maribojoc), Jagná, Inabanga, Talibón, Dauis, Malabago (now Cortes), Loay, and Dimíao.

The Jesuit territories in Bohol were turned over to the Augustinian Recollects  in 1768. For a while, Báclayon was made headquarters of the new missionaries, who were carefully chosen for their experience in parishes.

The Recollects’ spiritual charges multiplied upon the end of the Dagohoy Revolt in 1829, when many new towns were founded as resettlement areas for the rebels.

As a result of the Philippine Revolution against Spain, the Recollects left their parishes, which had grown to 336, in 1898. Early in the 20th century, acting on the request of some Bohol towns, the Bishop of Cebu sent Recollect missionaries back to Bohol; thus Anda, Candijay, Clarin, Duero, Guindulman and the new town of Mabini were under Recollect administration until 1937.

In 1898, upon the departure of the Recollects, all parishes and missions were entrusted to the secular clergy. The secular priests were under the charge of the bishop, hence were also called diocesan . By the 19th century, those in the Diocese of Cebu, to which Bohol pertained, were mostly home-grown, native Visayans or mestizos (offspring of a Filipino mother and a Chinese or Spanish father). The seculars had the daunting task of not only completing the many churches whose construction was interrupted by the Revolution, but rebuilding the many more churches burned by American troops during the Filipino-American War (1900-1902). Today, all parishes in Bohol are now under the clergy of its two dioceses, Tagbilaran and Talibon.

The Church Complex

As the missions grew, many eventually matured into parishes with their own parish priests or curas párrocos. Though chapels (kapilya) developed into churches (simbahán), both structures followed a common plan: a longitudinal space, the nave, for the congregation; at one end, the narthex or vestibule, a preparatory space where worshippers crossed themselves with holy water; and on the opposite end, the sanctuary or presbitery, where the priest said mass.

Adjoining the church was the parish house or rectory, called convento (nowadays kumbento) in the Philippines. Another component of the church complex was the graveyard or cemetery. In the early days only the elite (and even babies, it seems) could be buried inside the church; the rest were buried in a site adjacent to the church. In the 19th century graveyards near churches were closed for health reasons, and new cemeteries were established towards the outskirts of town. During this time, many churches constructed a chapel for funeral wakes (ermita de difuntos) within the complex but separate from the church building.

Key settlements some distance from the parish were established as visitas,  visited by the priest or his assistant on certain occasions such as feastdays to administer the sacraments. Eventually, many a visita became an independent parish, separate from its mother parish or matriz.

The church complex was doubtless the most dominant part of the town’s landscape. However it formed part of the central part of town or poblacion. The life of the poblacion focused on the quadrangular field in its center—the plaza—and the buildings surrounding it. The rules for laying out such a plaza complex had already been established in the Laws of the Indies decreed in Spain, based largely on the rationalism of the Renaissance and confirmed with great success in the  colonies of New Spain. One end of the plaza was dominated by the church and its convento. On another end stood the seat of local administration, called tribunal and later municipio. On other ends were schools for boys and girls, the escuelas de niños y niñas. The poblacion was crisscrossed by streets laid out in right angles to each other, like a grid or chessboard—a system inspired by Roman city planning. The town’s founding families built their houses around the square and in the blocks created by the streets. Beyond the poblacion but still within the jurisdiction of the town were settlements called barrios.

Jesuit-built Churches (1590s to 1768)

The first churches of Bohol were built of locally available materials such as wood and thatch. Chirino wrote in the 1590s that wooden churches were erected in anticipation of the first Jesuits’ arrival. There was much expertise in erecting sturdy structures of hardwood on the water, as evidenced by the remains of huge posts along both sides of the channel between Panglao and Bohol.8  These structures were razed by Ternatans in a raid two or three years prior to Legazpi’s 1565 landing in Bohol.

There were continuous setbacks to church-building such as the raid on Báclayon in 1600, the Diwata Revolt in the 1620s and constant pirate raids. Furthermore, the Jesuits had to contend with other unforeseen threats as well such as fires, earthquakes, storms and the rainy season, and termites. How and when construction in stone was adopted is not clear, but it must have been as a response to all these conditions.

Possibly the earliest surviving stone church is in Lóboc, which according to Javellana, may date from about 1670. This edifice is not the church as it exists today, but rather the core of the present three-storey convento. Next in line in antiquity are the churches of Báclayon and Lóboc (the present-day structure, standing perpendicular to the 1670 walls); scholars assign the years 1727 and 1734 to these, respectively. Judging from the unfinished state of the decorative carving on the exterior walls of both these structures, the dates may actually refer to commencement of building activities. Differences in the sizes of stone blocks and wooden boards suggest that sections of Jesuit conventos were assimilated into later ones, such as in Lóboc, Báclayon, and Dauis. The Jesuits also left behind fortifications in Báclayon and the foundations of the church in Tagbilaran. The first Recollect in Loon described the Jesuit-built church as a shed of wooden posts with a roof of nipa, in bad condition; the convento was no better. Apparently, all other churches of the Jesuits were of similar materials and in similar situations; they were to be replaced later in stone by the Recollects.

Recollect-built Churches (1768-1898)

The earliest documented Recollect structures are defensive in nature. Stone belfries doubling as watchtowers rose in Lóboc (after 1768), Dauis (1774), Báclayon (1777), and Punta Cruz, Maribojóc (1796).  By the end of the 18th century, Loon and Dimiao were encircled by walls of stone. Watchtowers were needed way into the 19th century, such as in Balilihan (1844), and Panglao (1851). The unusual location of the tower in Balilihan, an interior town, may suggest that apart from monitoring the Abatan River it also served to maintain vigilance over pockets of malcontents in the area (Balilihan had the second largest number of settlers from Dagohoy’s camps in 1829).

The most imposing stone churches were built throughout the 19th century, especially in the first half: Dimíao (c.1800-1815),  Tagbilaran (c.1800- c.1850), Jagna (1810-1867),  Loon (façade from the earlier church begun c.1812, rest of the church 1855-1864), Loay (1822), Inabanga (1830s), Maribojoc (1852-1872), Talibón (1850s-late 1860s), and Cortes (late 1880s-1892). Some were only finished in the early 20th century, upon the initiative of the seculars: Dauis (1863-1923), Alburquerque (1885-1920s), Guindulman (1880s-1930s and later), and Panglao (c.1894-1924).

The second half of the 19th century was marked by the introduction of the portico-façade. Choirlofts were extended over the main entrances to provide shade for church-goers; they rested on porticos, and were ‘faced’ with an imposing frontage. Early examples are Loboc (c.1860s), Báclayon (1875), and Loay (1889). All three churches had perfectly valid stone facades, but these were literally relegated to the shade when a new portico-façade was fitted over them. The fad lasted until way into the 20th century, as in Calape (1933-1954).

Large, elongated or L-shaped conventos were built of stone throughout the 19th century, almost all in the southern part of the island: Loay (1838), Báclayon (1872), Tagbilaran (1872), Alburquerque (1876 and after), and Jagna (1878). Towers were still going up by the latter half of this century, but this time the bells tolled the rituals of peace: Loay (1865), Talibón (1870s-1880s), and Tagbilaran (1886-1891).

Harigues and Tabiques

An interesting technology seen in many churches here is the introduction of tree-trunk posts (harigues or haligues) as replacements for pillars of stone in the basic structural framework. This represents a cross between local and Western building methods not easily noticed by the ordinary viewer; the harigue tradition has among its antecedents the houses on wooden posts burned by the Ternatans in 1563. Many church accounts tell about the difficulty in procuring these harigues: they had to be chopped down in the forest, hauled to the seashore, formed into rafts and floated, and hauled again to the construction site. They were cleaned of branches and bark, smoothened, and then the end that was to be inserted into the foundation was sharpened and singed.The massive posts were fixed into a cota, a low wall of rubblework and mortar.

The walls between the posts were constructed in one of two ways: 1) by layers of stone or gravel  cemented by a mixture of lime, sand, and water; 2) by panels of woven bamboo or wooden strips finished with a coating of mortar. In the first type, the sinuous forms of the harigues were sandwiched by the stone walls as exemplified by the ruin of the earlier church in Guindulman, and by the unfinished walls of the apse in Tubigon.

The second type is known in European architectural parlance as ‘wattle and daub’; it was thin but practical, and must have been popular in places where there was not enough stone, manpower or financing. The technique was known all over the Philippines as tabique pampango, from the Spanish word for thin wall, and a modifier implying that perhaps the form was first introduced in Pampanga. In Bohol, surviving tabique pampango walls can still be seen in the upper sections of the crossings at Baclayon and Dimiao churches, and in the second floor rooms of conventos in Dauis, Loboc and Alburquerque. In some structures such as the ground floor of Dauis convento, rough pieces of lumber were used instead of woven strips. Some walls were called de doble tabique because they were further protected with a covering of wooden planks.

Through all this time the art of building in wood was not lost, however. Duero church (1864-1874) is almost pure wood, from its floorbeams (batangas) to the boards (tablas) to its rafters (salagunting). It is a magnificent example of how the early wooden churches must have been built. Many others like it were constructed throughout the 19th and early 20th century, but almost all have been rebuilt in stone or concrete.

The 20th Century

The first years of the 20th century were marked by much destruction: invading American forces burned several communities and churches during the Filipino-American War (1900-1902). The towns of Batuanan (now Alicia), Sierra Bullones and Sevilla were almost erased from the map and had to be re-established on different sites. After conditions normalized, construction resumed on churches left unfinished at the end of the Spanish regime. Poured concrete, though introduced in the last decades of the 19th century, became the material of choice. Facades of concrete were built for the churches of Dauis (1923), Panglao (1924),Inabanga (1931) and Tubigon (1930s); the church in the new town of Mabini still relied on stout harigues, but it ended up with walls of concrete instead of tabiques.

The Neo-Gothic style became the vogue towards the second quarter of the 20th century, as best exemplified by Calape church (1933-1954); decorative elements from this style are also seen in Clarin (c.1930) and Candijay. The portico-façade continued in popularity as seen in Jetafe (1926), Clarin (c.1930), Inabanga (1931), Balilihan (1930s), Calape (1933-1954), and even the barrio chapel of Busao, Maribojoc.

Many conventos were turned into private schools. During the Japanese Occupation, a number of these were used as garrisons by the enemy troops.

The second half of the 20th century saw a resurgence in church building. Many new churches still retained traditional lines, such as the portico-façade in Batuan (c.1950) and Catigbian, or the squat outline (San Isidro). However, instead of monumentality many opted for smaller sizes coupled with more transparent walls (to cite a few, Danao, Trinidad, Sagbayan). Burgeoning congregations brought about the demolition of old walls to facilitate expansion, such as at Tagbilaran Cathedral. A few have dared to be modern, as in Bien Unido, Ubay, and Lourdes Church in Tagbilaran.

Today there are moves to reconcile the conservation of what is still left with the realities of contemporary worship. Corollary to this, small museums have opened in a handful of conventos. Religious concerts were recently held in Baclayon, Loay, Loboc, and Tagbilaran. Old church music is being studied, even revived.

When visiting churches in Bohol, do not forget to appreciate how splendidly located many of them are. The churches of Panglao, Loon, Jagna and Dimiao preside serenely over expansive plazas. There is so much balance in the proportions of the complex around the church plaza in Loay. The ruin in Guindulman has much visual and educational potential if cleared of vegetation and debris, and given the proper presentation it deserves. Báclayon’s façade reflects on the gentle waves lapping its shore. But Dauis by the sea has the most enviable location; it is beautiful from any angle.

A Visita Iglesia in Bohol is so much more than the sum of its parts. Like all precious things, they inspire; but they must also be cared for.

************

The article is the introduction to Mr. Regalado Trota Jose's book titled Visita Iglesia Bohol: A Guide to Historical Churches. For inquiries on the book, contact Glenn Maboloc of Public Affairs at 527-2192 local 614.  Available also at all National Bookstores.

About the Author:

Regalado Trota Jose specializes in research and writing on historic Philippine church art. Apart from studying Anthropology and Philippine studies at the University of the Philippines, he also learned about about churches and culture while concertizing for 9 years with the UP Madrigal Singers. For his work on art history, Jose was named one of the 100 Centennial Artists by the Cultural Center of the Philippines in 1999.

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Top 25 Sights and Attractions in Bohol

• Chocolate Hills  
• Tarsier Conservation Sanctuary
• Panglao Island
• Loboc River Cruise
• Hinagdanan Cave
• Balicasag Island
• Alona Beach
• Bilar Man-made Forest
• Blood Compact Shrine
• Baclayon Church
• Bohol Bee Farm
• Sipatan Twin Hanging Bridge Loboc
• Danao Adventure Park
• Sagbayan Peak
• Butterfly Conservation Center
• Clarin Ancestral House  
• Dimiao Twin Falls
• Mag-Aso Falls
• Anda White Beach
•  Lamanok Island
• Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape
• Dauis Church
• Can-umantad Falls
• Punta Cruz Watchtower

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